Thesis (Ph.D.)--Boston University / One of the most controversial literary figures has been the Viennese novelist and lyricist Josef Weinheber. He experienced the misfortune to have that city's period of economic and political upheaval coincide with that of his literacy activity. The immediate post World War II era was extremely critical of him. However, since 1955, he has gained new recognition and is now considered by German and Austrian critics alike as one of the greater literary men of the century, though he is still relatively unknown in the United States [TRUNCATED].

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Viennese Expressionism 1909-1913 encompasses parallel evolutions in the disciplines of visual arts and music. Ideas from fin-de-siecle Vienna's intellectual milieu inspired the awakening of the Modern artist, from Ur-schrei to the formation of a new aesthetic theory. In this thesis, I examine the origin of iconic Expressionist aesthetic values and their technical expression in works by Arnold Schoenberg, Egon Schiele, Oskar Kokoschka, and Wassily Kandinsky. Topics covered are divided into two broad thematic categories whose central tenets originate in preoccupations with, on the one hand, an emerging understanding of the unconscious and psychic pathology; and on the other hand, the metaphysical components to art and the human experience: sickness and spirituality. While it is not possible to compare directly art and musical works, common ideas and principles provide conceptual intersections that unify the disciplines in the realization of a collective artistic vision. / Le mouvement expressionniste viennois (1909-1913) recouvre des courantsparallèles dans les disciplines picturales et musicales. Les idées provenant des milieuxintellectuels du fin-de-siècle viennois ont inspiré le réveil de l'artiste moderne, depuis leUr-schrei jusqu'à la formulation d'une nouvelle théorie esthétique. Ce mémoire examinel'origine des valeurs esthétiques chères au mouvement expressionniste, ainsi que lestechniques utilisées pour exprimer ces valeurs dans les oeuvres d'Arnold Schoenberg,d'Egon Schiele, d'Oskar Kokoschka, et de Wassily Kandinsky. Les thèmes abordés sontdivisés en deux grandes catégories dont les fondements centraux émanent depréoccupations reliées, d'une part, à une compréhension croissante de l'inconscient et dela psychopathologie, et, d'autre part, aux aspects métaphysiques de l'art et de l'existencehumaine: la maladie et la spiritualité. Bien qu'il ne soit pas possible de comparerdirectement des oeuvres picturales et musicales, l'existence de principes et de thèmescommuns entraîne une confluence conceptuelle qui unifie ces disciplines dans laréalisation d'une vision artistique collective.

Thesis (B.A.(Hons.))--University of Adelaide, Dept. of German, 1994? / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 287-304).

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published_or_final_version / Architecture / Master / Master of Architecture

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The effectiveness and the sustainability of the Holy Roman Empire remained a subject of debate over the past two centuries. While nationalist historians derided the lack of centralized institutions, revisionist historians after the Second World War largely stressed the positive aspects of the Empire. The Reichskammergericht and the Reichshofrat were two of the institutions that experienced this positive reassessment. While most historians focused on the effectiveness of the Reich courts during the existence of the Empire, few have examined the perception of the courts immediately after the demise of the Empire in 1806. This thesis analyzes the perception of the courts through the eyes of leading politicians (including Humboldt, Hardenberg, and Stein) to reinforce the argument that these institutions were valued. Since the courts played a pivotal role in the Holy Roman Empire, it is more than likely that these individuals had a generally favorable view of the Holy Roman Empire as well. / Includes bibliography. / Thesis (MA)--Florida Atlantic University, 2021. / FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection

Timbre and orchestration are neglected parameters in analytical writing, partly because analysis traditionally privileges pitch organisation as the primary structural parameter in music, but also because timbre appears more resistant than pitch to theoretical abstraction and systematisation. Yet, in the music of early twentieth-century Viennese composers such as Schreker, Zemlinsky and Schoenberg, timbre often assumes a pre-eminent place in musical design and formal architecture. In such works, timbre often moves from what Robert Hopkins (1990) describes as a 'secondary parameter' to the forefront of a listener's consciousness. Conventional analytical approaches - including Schenkerian, Neo-Riemannian or pitch-class set theories - arguably have little to offer at such moments. This thesis begins by examining the 'crisis of response' to timbre in fin-de-siècle Austro-Germanic circles and, in particular, to the increasingly complex timbral constructions of many Viennese composers, such as Franz Schreker and Arnold Schoenberg. The crisis of response appeared to stem from an inherited nineteenth-century view of orchestration as ornamental in function, as well as the lack of an appropriate analytical framework and meta-language with which to critique the growing importance of timbre as a musical parameter. This thesis contributes to the discussion as to the how the area of timbral analysis might develop: firstly, by treating timbre as an 'emergent' property rather than an absolute analytical category (i.e., that timbre often results from a complex interaction of multiple musical parameters); secondly, by considering the effect of timbre's spatial properties within the auditory scene on subject-position through examination of contemporary and more recent theories on the convergence of the visual and auditory arts; and thirdly, through timbre's ability to function as an agent of immanent musical critique through disjunctive juxtapositions, or by historically-contextualized responses to codified orchestral tropes as found in Alexander Zemlinsky's 'Der Zwerg'. Timbre certainly was not always the secondary parameter some fin-de-siècle critics suggested it was, or wanted it to be. The joint purpose of this thesis is to offer historically-engaged analytical readings of neglected works from twentieth-century Vienna (alongside a few better-known works whose timbral construction had been left unanalyzed), and to reflect on the benefits of applying recent research to contemporary theories of timbre. These two aims are set in productive counterpoint rather than a straightforward synthesis, with the adoption of recent cognitive research and theories of subject-position feeding into analyses of historical work in order to try to mediate the gap between theory, text, and musical practice.

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