This thesis examines the visa mechanism deployed by governments on state borders. I take the Canadian temporary residence visa system experienced by Chinese applicants as my working example. Though the visa system is generally regarded as something essential and efficient for border control, I argue that it only gains its power to judge people’s admissibility from the government’s routinized authority and deemed expertise to deploy the border control mechanisms. The visa system is a realm where governments practise their power on the bordering population and visa applicants are made into subjects of the visa regime. Didier Bigo’s (2005) model of ban-opticon is used as my theoretical model to analyze the Canadian temporary resident visa system in this thesis. Mirroring Bigo’s description of the ban-opticon, I first analyze how the legitimacy of visa system is constructed by the discourse of in-securitization of migration, which, by rendering the migrating population inherently dangerous to the sovereign states, legitimates and necessitates the deployment of border control mechanisms. Also, I argue that the legislation surrounding the Canadian temporary resident visa system not only regulates the operational procedure, but also naturalizes the Canadian government’s expertise in selecting admissible people. Lastly, from the Canadian visa application experience of 9 Chinese applicants, I analyze how the applicants’ admissibility is decided by the visa officers based on their interpretation of the applicants’ identity documents and prediction of the applicants’ future behaviour. Though some means of negotiation are embedded in the mechanism, their existence actually proves that the evaluation system itself is not determinate. As I conclude, the discourse of in-securitization of migration, the related legislation of the visa system, as well as the real-life practices in the process, as the three elements of the ban-opticon on the border, are all at play in the visa regime, jointly making visa applicants into subjects of the government’s power practice on the border. / Thesis (Master, Sociology) -- Queen's University, 2009-10-15 09:56:48.306

Le visa est traditionnellement présenté comme le fondement logique de l’arrêt de cassation, en ce qu’il désigne la règle de droit qui a été violée par la juridiction du fond. Cependant, aussi importante que soit la logique dans le raisonnement juridique, certaines étapes de celui-ci sont irréductibles à une simple déduction. La présentation du visa comme fondement de l’arrêt a alors l’inconvénient de travestir la réalité. Elle passe en effet sous silence les opérations que sont l’interprétation et la qualification, pourtant centrales dans le raisonnement juridique, et laisse de côté certains arrêts qui ne peuvent pas être expliqués sous ce prisme. Il apparaît alors plus juste de voir dans le visa un élément de justification de la cassation. Cette justification opère de multiples façons selon la nature du lien unissant le visa et la solution, mais aussi selon la fonction du visa dans la justification. En effet, lorsque les visas sont multiples, tous n’ont pas le même rôle. La fonction justificative du visa étant établie dans toute sa complexité, reste à savoir si le visa atteint vraiment son objectif, à savoir convaincre ses destinataires. Il apparaît que les commentateurs se saisissent largement du visa pour tenter de déceler la règle appliquée et les raisons ayant mené à son choix, déterminer la portée de l’arrêt, voire pour déterminer quelles sont les sources du droit. Cependant, le message véhiculé par le visa n’est pas toujours bien reçu. La cour de cassation, confrontée à de tels problèmes, a traditionnellement tendance à multiplier les moyens de communication sur l’arrêt plutôt que de modifier sa pratique du visa, mais cette attitude évolue actuellement / The reference to the law in the French supreme court of appeal decisions is traditionally presented as their logical basis, in that it refers to the rule of law which has been violated by the court. However important logic in legal reasoning, certain stages of it are irreducible to deduction. The presentation of the reference to the law as the basis of the judgment has the disadvantage of disguising reality. It ignores the operations of interpretation and qualification, which are nevertheless central to legal reasoning and leaves aside certain judgments which can’t be explained under this prism. It seems more accurate to see in the reference to the law an element of justification for the cassation. This justification operates in many ways depending on the nature of the link between the reference to the law and the solution, but also according to the function of the reference to the law in the justification. Indeed, when references to the law are multiple, not all have the same role. As the justification action of the reference to the law is revealed in all its complexity, it remains to be seen whether it really achieves its objective, namely to convince its recipients. It appears that commentators are largely aware of the reference to the law in an attempt to identify the rule applied and the reasons for its choice, determine the scope of the judgment, and even determine the sources of the law. However, the message conveyed by the visa is not always well received. The court of cassation, confronted with such problems, has traditionally tended to multiply the means of communication on the judgment rather than modifying its practice, but this attitude is currently changing

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The main purpose of this thesis was to examine the communication problems with the DLTS set up in the Division for Electricity at Ångström Laboratory in Uppsala, Sweden, and to make the DLTS software complete. The set up consisted of a C/V meter, a pulse generator, a temperature controller and a PC with a control program written in LabVIEW. It was found that the software had been constructed to fit another set of instruments than the set up currently used at Ångström Laboratory. The task was therefore to properly integrate the correct control commands of those instruments into the software. / DLTS investigation of wide bandgap materials / Diamond electronics

Submitted by Maria Creuza Silva (mariakreuza@yahoo.com.br) on 2013-10-03T18:03:10Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação final completa e revisada(2).pdf: 4051113 bytes, checksum: fabe6664fc0434c57e14fd377f1e28a5 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Creuza Silva(mariakreuza@yahoo.com.br) on 2013-10-03T18:05:57Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação final completa e revisada(2).pdf: 4051113 bytes, checksum: fabe6664fc0434c57e14fd377f1e28a5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-10-03T18:05:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação final completa e revisada(2).pdf: 4051113 bytes, checksum: fabe6664fc0434c57e14fd377f1e28a5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Este estudo se propôs a identificar e analisar se as ações de comunicação para o controle do risco em alimentos têm sido utilizadas pelo serviço de vigilância sanitária - DIVISA, da SESAB, na Bahia. A pesquisa configurou-se como um estudo quali-quantitativo através da análise de documentos (dados da série temporal do monitoramento do Programa de Análise de Resíduos de Agrotóxicos em Alimentos (PARA), planos de ação, relatórios, material educativo, e outros no período de 2005-2010) e entrevista semiestruturada com gestores da DIVISA e técnicos da área. O resultado da pesquisa levou em conta, por um lado, a análise dos dados do monitoramento do programa PARA, para atingir o objetivo de identificar situações de riscos no consumo de alimentos e análise documental, visando à identificação de planejamento e relato de ações de comunicação para controle dos riscos e de determinantes sociais em saúde. Por fim, foi realizada entrevistas com gestores e técnicos da Divisa, com o objetivo de identificar os avanços e as dificuldades para o desenvolvimento de ações de comunicação pelo serviço. Nos resultados, a partir das análises, constatou-se nos planos de ação que não houve programação de ações de comunicação para o controle de risco na área de alimentos ou no PARA. Verificou-se ainda, que não há registro de ações de comunicação nos relatórios de gestão, bem como não foram identificados cartilhas, boletins ou outras formas de comunicação, seja para possíveis parceiros no desenvolvimento de ações intersetoriais, seja para o consumidor ou outros com características de gerenciamento de risco. Os dados analisados do PARA contêm evidências de que existem riscos no consumo de alimentos hortifrúti, devidos à presença de resíduos de agrotóxicos de forma constante durante o período pesquisado. Conclui-se que, a despeito do acesso à informação ser um direito constitucional, a comunicação para o controle do risco, como ferramenta institucional para consolidar políticas públicas de saúde, ainda é muito incipiente no serviço de vigilância sanitária, vez que não se verificou planejamento ou relato de ações de comunicação que possa ser caracterizada como de comunicação para o controle de riscos. Verificou-se, ainda, pelas entrevistas que na visão dos gestores e técnicos pouco se realiza sobre comunicação para o controle do risco na instituição. Argumenta-se sobre a necessidade de desenvolvimento de ações para o controle dos riscos identificados, com estímulo de ações intersetoriais, valorizando os sujeitos envolvidos nos riscos, fundamentando, principalmente, estas ações no principio da precaução, com implementação de medidas para evitar danos potenciais. / Salvador

La construction d’un régime européen de visas représente un domaine de recherche important. Ceci a été analysé comme un des instruments politiques qui déplacent le contrôle migratoire au delà des limites du territoire européen. Cependant, la mise en œuvre de cette politique dans les consulats reste très peu étudiée. Cette thèse analyse la mise en œuvre de la politique du visa Schengen conceptualisée comme politique des frontières. Par la délivrance du visa Schengen, organisations étatiques et non-étatiques réalisent le travail de triage et de filtrage des frontières. Cette thèse investigue la construction quotidienne de la frontière européenne à l’étranger en privilégiant la perspective théorique de la mise en œuvre des politiques publiques. L’analyse s’appuie sur une analyse comparée. Elle se concentre sur les services visas des consulats de deux anciens pays d’immigration, la France et la Belgique, et un nouveau pays d’immigration, l’Italie, qui mettent en œuvre la politique du visa dans un même État tiers : le Maroc. Cette étude met en évidence des différences nationales importantes dans la mise en œuvre qui sont dues à l’histoire, à la conception nationale à la politique des visas, aux conditions organisationnelles distinctes. Toutefois, la méthodologie comparative et l’approche inductive choisis ont permis de mettre en exergue des processus de transferts au niveau de la mise en œuvre qui constituent l’action publique transnationale par le bas. Les interactions informelles entre les acteurs constituent une ‘communauté de pratiques’ basé sur le désir de partager un savoir pratique et local qui sert à résoudre des problèmes liés à la mise en œuvre au quotidien. / The constitution of the European visa regime has deservingly received much scholarly attention. It has been analyzed as part of the policy toolkit that displaces migration control away from the edges of the territory of Europe. Nevertheless, the street-level implementation of this European policy in national consulates remains understudied. This dissertation sheds ethnographic light on Schengen visa policy implementation that is conceptualized as bordering policy. By delivering Schengen visas, state and nonstate organizations achieve the filtering work of borders; this dissertation therefore investigates the day-to-day bordering of Europe abroad and using a comparative approach and focusing on from the theoretical perspective of street-level policy implementation. The analysis builds on a comparative case study: it focuses on the visa sections of the consulates of two old immigration countries, Belgium and France, and one new immigration country, Italy, which implement visa policy in a same third country, i.e. Morocco. This study highlights cross-national differences of visa policy day-to-day implementation that are due to shifting historical backgrounds, national sense-making of visa policy, and distinct organizational conditions. However, the comparative research design and the inductive epistemological approach deployed have revealed processes of transfer at the implementation level, which result in transnational policy-making from below. Informal interactions between actors constitute a ‘community of practice’ based on the desire to share local and practical knowledge rather than expert knowledge in order to address problems linked to day-to-day implementation.

This thesis deals with a description and analysis of the EU law and policy on Schengen visas. The EU visa policy is analysed in its historical development and its place in the framework of Schengen acquis. Separately, important visa policy measures are analysed including the typology of visas, exceptions from visa obligation, visa reciprocity, visa facilitation and processes of visa liberalisation. Different phases of the visa procedure are studied with focus on the questions whether there is a right to be issued a Schengen visa when the conditions are met and the right of appeal. The relevant legislation subject to analysis is above all the Visa Code, the regulation on visa lists and the relevant jurisprudence of the Court of Justice. By way of illustration, the implementation in the Czech legal order is used and jurisprudence of the Czech higher courts is quoted to show to what extent the EU visa procedure and visa refusal matches the requirements of the administrative law theory on the administrative procedure and decision in general. The relevant rules are assessed as to the extent they match with principles of legitimacy, influence of legal certainty, effectiveness and proportionality. The core of the work is a hypothesis that current EU visa rules do not establish a right to a visa when the...

Latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI), a product of exposure to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), can lead to tuberculosis (TB) and further cause death if untreated. Fortunately, TB can be prevented with LTBI treatment. Targeting newly arrived visa holders for LTBI screening and treatment is an effective strategy for decreasing future TB burden. However, LTBI treatment completion rates are low, and researches had primarily focused on the nonrural U.S. setting. This study, using a retrospective cohort design under the epidemiological disease triangle framework evaluated (a) the treatment completion rates for 2 cohorts of visa holders (i.e., immigrants, N = 31 and refugees, N = 109) with LTBI residing in the rural setting using Pearson's chi-square analysis, (b) mean times on LTBI treatment using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, and (c) predictors of time on treatment using Cox proportional hazard regression. Study findings revealed immigrants had higher treatment noncompletion rates over refugees (25.6% and 19.3%). The potential risk factors for noncompletion were being older than 24 years of age (HR = 0.18, p = 0.01). There were also significant interactions for the time on treatment between (a) being < 25 years old and visa type (HR = 0.23, p = 0.04), (b) being < 25 years and traveling longer (miles) to treatment facility (HR = 0.25, p = 0.03), or (c) being < 25 years and Mtb blood-test positive (HR = 0.35, p = 0.05). These findings suggest interventions targeting visa holders older than 24 years may increase the rate of treatment completion and decrease the future TB cases. Therefore, the study promotes social change by providing actionable, rural-population-specific information for the prioritization of visa holders at increased risk of experiencing LTBI treatment noncompletion.

This thesis examines Canada’s imposition of a visa requirement on visitors from the Czech Republic. By analyzing articles in three major Canadian newspapers, I conduct an Althusserian (theory that “culture ventures” are part of the Ideological State Apparatus), analysis. The thesis demonstrates that a dominant ideological viewpoint – a pro-capitalist ideology supported by a racist ideology – was evident in the coverage in all three newspapers. Additionally, this thesis addresses the presence of more ‘even-handed’ discussions of the conditions of the Roma, including experiences of racism and discrimination in the Czech Republic. I conclude that the newspapers present ideological views, with occasional exceptions.

Over the past two decades, an increasing number of IT professionals from India have been migrating to the United States on temporary H-1B or F-1 visas. This thesis offers a case study to address how migrants on such temporary visas decide whether to seek further residency in the United States or return to India. Based on interviews conducted in 2013 and 2014 in the Raleigh-Durham area of North Carolina, I examine the factors migrants consider, as well as how the struggles presented through the visa programs may effect these considerations. I also analyze how mass migration from India has changed the demographics of the suburbs between Raleigh and Durham. Considering the rise of Indian-related commercial and cultural centers, I offer the concept of Li’s (1998) ‘ethnoburbs’ as a way of thinking about how changes in suburban cultural landscape may make Indian migrants feel more comfortable in the area. I also assert some access problems inherent in the ‘ethnoburb’ model.