Title: The influence of spinning on a time extension in the static apnea during free diving Objectives: The objective of this work was to find out whether even a short and intensive training can have an affect on the increase of a vital lung capacity, on a time extension in the static apnea, and on a performance improvement during free diving. Methods: The search of available literature and its recherche. Measurement methods determination: digital stopwatch for the apnea, spirometer for the vital lung capacity, and a Sport-tester and a Borg scale for the spinning program. Data collection. Results: The statistical analysis of the values of a vital lung capacity and a static apnea before and after sports training Keywords: diving, vital lung capacity, spinning, apnea, free diving

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Due to the increasing demands of third-party payers to show measurable results in a decreased amount of time, mental health practitioners need new tools and techniques to quickly and efficiently assess their client's current status and progress in treatment. The goal of this study was to develop and validate a brief computerized measure of emotional states and personality traits for use as an assessment tool in a clinical setting. Adapted from the State-Trait Personality Inventory (STPI; Spielberger, 1998), the computerized instrument measured state and trait anxiety, anger, depression, and curiosity. The computerized STPI was examined for equivalence with the traditional STPI and compared with therapists' ratings of their clients' emotional states and personality traits. Forty individuals (24 women, 16 men) in psychotherapy were administered either a computerized version of the STPI or the original, paper version. Each client's therapist was asked to rate him or her on the same 4 states and 4 traits measured by the STPI. In addition, clients and therapists answered short questionnaires regarding their reactions to the STPI and the client report generated by the STPI, respectively. A comparison of mean STPI scale scores between the computerized and paper administration groups showed slightly higher levels of reported state emotion for the computerized administration. There was no other evidence of differences between the two experimental groups. Therapists who had previously conducted assessment with their client demonstrated a significantly higher correlation of their ratings with the corresponding client STPI self-reported scores. Feedback from the client and therapist exit questionnaires suggested that their reactions to the procedure and the usefulness of the STPI were quite favorable. Implications of increasing the use of computers in clinical assessment are discussed.

Translocations have been used as a management strategy to successfully augment declining native wildlife populations. Greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus; sage-grouse) population declines on Anthro Mountain, Utah prompted managers to translocate sage-grouse and test protocols from a successful translocation project in Strawberry Valley, Utah. Sage-grouse from Parker Mountain, Utah were used as the source population for Anthro Mountain and Strawberry Valley translocations. Sixty hens were translocated to Anthro Mountain in 2009 and 2010; I monitored vital rates of the 60 translocated hens and 32 resident hens from 2009-2012. My objective was to determine the overall success of the translocation 4 years after the initial release and compare vital rates to the source population and Strawberry Valley.In Chapter 2, I determined that survival varied by study area and hen age but was not affected by residency status. Annual survival of Anthro Mountain hens was lower than Parker Mountain and Strawberry Valley hens. Adult hen survival in all three populations was higher than yearling survival.In Chapter 3, I determined that the translocation contributed to population growth. Adult resident and previously translocated hens had the highest reproductive success, followed by resident yearlings, newly translocated adults, and newly translocated yearlings. Lek counts increased from 2009-2013 and a new lek was discovered in 2011. Survival was not affected by residency status or age, but varied greatly by year and season. Mean monthly survival was lowest in the fall; this differs from range-wide trends.In Chapter 4, I determined that translocated hens adapted to the release area. They exhibited similar seasonal movements and used similar habitats as residents. The home range size of resident and translocated hens was comparable; however, previously translocated hens had smaller home ranges than newly released hens.Despite landscape level differences between the source and release areas, translocated hens assimilated to the population and contributed to population growth. Although the translocation was successful, the low vital rate estimates are cause for concern. The low estimates suggest that factors such as predation, habitat quality and quantity, and anthropogenic influences may be problematic for this isolated population.

Anthropogenic pressures have caused changes in both the mean and variance of environmental conditions, with associated effects on the demography of natural populations. The demographic effects of environmental change can manifest through direct (i.e., physiological) or indirect pathways (i.e., through shifts in species interactions). For many populations, environmental change will affect multiple life cycle stages simultaneously, thereby altering vital rate correlation structures with potentially important impacts on evolutionary fitness. The effects of environmental change will also often be habitat-specific, particularly when species interactions modify demographic sensitivity to climate. As a result, the effects of climate change are likely to vary across a species range, with important implications for range expansion and population viability. In chapter 2, I examine the effects of joint vital rate responses to environmental drivers on the evolution of life histories in variable environments. I show that vital rate covariation, generated when multiple vital rates respond to a shared environmental driver, can fundamentally alter evolutionary selection pressures. Negative vital rate covariation promotes the evolution of demographic lability (stronger demographic responsiveness), while positive covariation promotes buffering (weaker demographic responsiveness), altering the range of life histories over which the evolution of buffered and labile vital rates are a predicted evolutionary outcome. By identifying the life histories for which selection pressures are most sensitive to environmentally-driven vital rate covariation, this study provides a richer understanding of both life history evolution and the capacity of species to cope with ongoing changes to contemporary environments. In chapter 3, I use a long-term study of lesser snow geese to test the hypothesis that demographic and developmental responses to climate will be weakest in habitats where resource diversity is greatest. I find support for this hypothesis, and my results indicate that gosling demography is much more responsive to climate in recently colonized, freshwater habitats where landscape diversity and gosling diet diversity is low. These results underscore the potential importance of accounting for biotic interactions when predicting spatio-temporal responses to climate. In chapter 4, I quantify the consequences of observed climate change for lesser snow goose population dynamics across habitats. I find that climate change increases population growth in all habitats, but that such increases are disproportionately large in novel inland freshwater habitats. These results suggest that in a warmer and more variable climate, the breeding range and population growth of lesser snow geese is likely to increase, counteracting current management efforts to reduce overabundant populations.

Cyber insider threat is one of the most difficult risks to mitigate in organizations. However, innovative validated visualizations for cyber analysts to better decipher and react to detected anomalies has not been reported in literature or in industry. Attacks caused by malicious insiders can cause millions of dollars in losses to an organization. Though there have been advances in Intrusion Detection Systems (IDSs) over the last three decades, traditional IDSs do not specialize in anomaly identification caused by insiders. There is also a profuse amount of data being presented to cyber analysts when deciphering big data and reacting to data breach incidents using complex information systems. Information visualization is pertinent to the identification and mitigation of malicious cyber insider threats. The main goal of this study was to develop and validate, using Subject Matter Experts (SME), an executive insider threat dashboard visualization prototype. Using the developed prototype, an experimental study was conducted, which aimed to assess the perceived effectiveness in enhancing the analysts’ interface when complex data correlations are presented to mitigate malicious insiders cyber threats. Dashboard-based visualization techniques could be used to give full visibility of network progress and problems in real-time, especially within complex and stressful environments. For instance, in an Emergency Room (ER), there are four main vital signs used for urgent patient triage. Cybersecurity vital signs can give cyber analysts clear focal points during high severity issues. Pilots must expeditiously reference the Heads Up Display (HUD), which presents only key indicators to make critical decisions during unwarranted deviations or an immediate threat. Current dashboard-based visualization techniques have yet to be fully validated within the field of cybersecurity. This study developed a visualization prototype based on SME input utilizing the Delphi method. SMEs validated the perceived effectiveness of several different types of the developed visualization dashboard. Quantitative analysis of SME’s perceived effectiveness via self-reported value and satisfaction data as well as qualitative analysis of feedback provided during the experiments using the prototype developed were performed. This study identified critical cyber visualization variables and identified visualization techniques. The identifications were then used to develop QUICK.v™ a prototype to be used when mitigating potentially malicious cyber insider threats. The perceived effectiveness of QUICK.v™ was then validated. Insights from this study can aid organizations in enhancing cybersecurity dashboard visualizations by depicting only critical cybersecurity vital signs.

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Introduction: Research show that patients frequently display abnormal vital signs as much as 48h before a serious adverse event occur, such as cardiac arrest or unplanned intensive care unit admission. Therefore, early recognition of these changes trough vital sign examination is essential in the prevention of deterioration. However, deterioration is often missed.Aim: The aim was to investigate to what extent nurses in the general ward are documenting vital signs prior to patient deterioration. Methods: A systematic literature review was done usingthe databases PubMed and CINAHL. Inclusion criteria: general ward and publication 2010-2020, exclusion criteria:emergency department, acute admission ward, paediatric ward, psychiatric ward, interventions and continuousmonitoring. Critical appraisalusingtools from Joanna Briggs Institute. PRISMA statement for reporting of systematic reviews.Results: Nine studies were included. It was seen that the fraction of cases who had vital signs documented prior to deterioration was diverse, although never complete. Some studies showed an acceptable fraction of patients who weremonitoredin the hours prior to deterioration, but it was seen that the monitoring did not always escalate as the patient got worse. The vital signs most frequently documentedwereheart rate and pulse, thoughstill missing in a large fraction of charts. Respiratory rate was documented less than the other vital signs.Conclusions: This study suggests that documentation of vital signs prior to deterioration is diverse but often incomplete. Further research is needed to understand what can be done to improve vital sign documentation on general wards.

Bedömning av patientens vitalparametrar (andningsfrekvens, blodtryck, puls, kroppstemperatur, saturation och medvetandegrad) är sjuksköterskans ansvar inom den akuta vårdkedjan. Tidigare forskning visar att en tidig identifiering av försämrade patienter minskar både mortalitet och morbiditet. För patientens välmående och säkerhet är det av högsta vikt att sjuksköterskor utför evidensbaserade och säkra bedömningar för att upprätthålla patientsäkerheten. Syftet var att utforska faktorer som påverkar sjuksköterskans bedömning av vitalparametrar för att tidigt upptäcka en försämrad patient inom den intrahospitala akuta vårdkedjan.  En litteraturöversikt med systematisk artikelsökning användes som metod. Databassökningar utfördes i PubMed och CINAHL. Sexton originalartiklar som undersökte sjuksköterskors bedömning av patientens vitalparametrar i den akuta vårdkedjan valdes ut från databassökningen samt manuell sökning. Studierna kvalitetsgranskades för att sedan analyseras med hjälp av integrerad analys.  Resultatet visade att sjuksköterskors bedömning av vitalparametrar påverkades av sjuksköterskefaktorer, patientfaktorer samt organisatoriska faktorer. Sjuksköterskefaktorer som sågs påverka var sjuksköterskans förhållningssätt till vitalparametrar, bedömning av frekvens, kunskap och erfarenhet, intuition, helhetsbild samt avsteg från rutiner. Gällande patientfaktorer sågs specifika patientgrupper svårare att bedöma på grund av exempelvis underliggande grundsjukdomar eller ålder. Organisatoriska faktorer som sågs påverka bedömningen var arbetsmiljö, samarbete/kommunikation, kontinuitet i vården samt bedömningsinstrument.   Slutsats som dras är att sjuksköterskans bedömning av vitalparametrar för att tidigt upptäcka en försämrad patient inom den akuta vårdkedjan är ett komplext ämne som påverkas av både sjuksköterske-, patient-, och organisatoriska faktorer. Även då vitalparametrar är ett viktigt redskap för att upptäcka förändring i patientens tillstånd och således främja patientens välmående och säkerhet, använder inte sjuksköterskans alltid dessa verktyg. Denna studie gav inte några säkra förklaringar till varför detta fenomen förekom utan behöver studeras vidare. / Assessing the patient's vital signs (respiratory rate, blood pressure, pulse, body temperature, saturation, and level of consciousness) is a responsibility assigned to the registered nurse within the emergency care chain. Previous research has shown that early identification of deteriorating patients reduces both mortality and morbidity. To enhance patient safety and well-being, it is vital that the registered nurse performs evidence-based and secure assessments of the patient.  The aim of this study was to explore the factors that influence the nurse’s assessments of vital signs to early detect patient deterioration within emergency care.   The research method used was a literature review with a systematic approach, using database searches in PubMed and CINAHL. Sixteen original articles with the main focus of examining registered nurses’ assessments of vital signs within emergency care was chosen from the database searches and manual searches. The quality of the studies was then examined, and an integrated analysis was performed.  The result of the analysis show that assessment of vital signs performed by registered nurses was affected by factors contributed to the nurse, the patient, and the organization as a whole.  When it comes to the factors found contributed to affect the registered nurses, these factors were found to be, approach to vital signs, assessment of frequency, knowledge and experience, intuition, comprehensive picture, and deviations from the established routine. For the factors contributed by the patient, specific patient groups were regarded as more difficult to assess due to underlying diseases or age.  The organisational factors seen affecting the nursing assessment were the work environment, teamwork/communication, continuity in the care and the evaluation tools at hand.  In conclusion, the results show that this is a complex subject that is affected by several factors contributed to the registered nurse, patient, and the organization. Even though vital signs are an important tool to identify changes in a patient’s well-being and safety, the registered nurse does not always utilize this as a tool. This study could not conclude any clear explanation as to why assessing vital signs was not used more often and will require further studies and analysis to determine an answer.

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