The purpose of this study was to gather, report and analyze the experiences of fourteen counselor-trainees in one university training program, using a variety of research methods over time. Bandura's observational learning paradigm, that individuals learn by imitating models, provided the structure for analyzing samples of audio-taped counseling sessions, as well as interviews and journals collected over a two-year period. Participant observation and content analysis were the principal methods used to gather and analyze data. Frequencies on audio-tapes were determined by external raters. Analysis of the interviews and journals was completed by the author. At acquisition, participants did imitate a model's attending skills demonstration, and other significant modeling influences were related to the theoretical orientations of the models. When experts and participants were compared, experts were using all behavior categories except accepting statements more frequently than participants. At the end of the training program, participants were more active than they were at a baseline observation, a finding consistent with previous longitudinal studies of maintenance of skills. The frequencies for each of the ten behavior categories, however, were variable over trials. This finding may be the result of variations in the behavior of models or of methodological problems in analyzing the data. Trainee statements about training experiences and norms of reference groups, collected from interviews and journal entries, indicate that trainees model trainer values and ideas as well as behaviors. Trainees described a developmental process during training, but conclusions from post-graduation employment experiences were too limited to analyze. The study's recommendations include possible research projects for training programs and guidelines for developing a supportive trainer/trainee relationship.

No description available.

No description available.

One purpose of this study was to investigate what personality and demographic characteristics of counselor-trainees would predict counselor effectiveness, and therefore could be considered as valid selection criteria for prospective counselor-trainees. Eight doctoral students in counseling were trained to use an established research instrument, The Carkhuff-Berenson Scales. Their mean ratings on the five scales measuring Empathic Understanding; Concreteness; Respect; Facilitative Genuineness and Gross Ratings of Facilitative Interpersonal Functioning served as one criterion of counselor effectiveness. Practicum supervisors' ratings on a relatively new instrument, the Counselor Evaluation Rating Scale (CERS) served as another criteria. The CERS provided three effectiveness scores--counseling, supervision and a cumulative score. Another purpose of the study was to validate the CERS as a measure of counselor effectiveness by investigating the degree of association and agreement between CERS ratings and Carkhuff-Berenson Scale ratings.The Edwards Personal Preference Schedule (EPPS), Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire (16 PF) and Rokeach Dogmatism Scale, used as personality measures, were administered to 41 counselor-trainees in practicum the first week of the quarter. Raters rated all trainees on three, three-minute excerpts from an audiotape made with a client the eighth week of practicum. Supervisors completed the CERS, indicated the grade earned and their recommendation for a counseling position for each counselor-trainee in their practicum at the end of the quarter.An earlier study (Murphy, 1971) was replicated to investigate whether similar counselor-trainee characteristics would predict effectiveness for a new population. Following Murphy's procedures, five multiple regression equations were computed separately for the EPPS and the 16 PF when the Carkhuff-Berenson Scale scores were the criteria. Best subtest predictors were chosen that predicted at least two percent of the variation on the criterion. Little or no agreement was found between the findings of Murphy and the findings of the present study. Using a Pearson Product Moment correlation, both studies found that the Rokeach Dogmatism Scale failed to predict with statistical significance effectiveness on any of the Carkhuff-Berenson Scales.For questions not concerned with replication, a best set of predictors was selected from all possible predictors. All predictors were considered simultaneously in a multiple regression equation for each criterion. Care was taken to eliminate predictors which were not significant at each step of the regression.When the Carkhuff-Berenson Scale scores were the criteria of effectiveness, the predictive characteristics and the scales they predicted were:1. fewer years of teaching experience--empathy, genuineness, concreteness and gross ratings.2. absence of teaching experience--respect.3. lower needs for achievement (EPPS-ach)--empathy, genuineness, and concreteness.4. more imaginativeness (16 PF - M)--genuineness and concreteness.5. sex of the counselor-trainee (female)--empathy, respect, and gross facilitativeness.When the three CERS scores were the criteria of effectiveness, the predictive characteristics and the scales they predicted were:1. fewer years of teaching experience--all three effectiveness scales.2. lower needs for endurance (EPPS - end)--effectiveness in counseling.3. more self-sufficiency, resourcefulness (16 PF Q2)-effectiveness in counseling.4. more autonomy (EPPS - aut)--effectiveness in supervision and cumulative ratings.5. more self-assurance, confidence (16 PF - 0)--all three effectiveness scales.When a "Yes" recommendation for a counseling position was the criterion, the following characteristics predicted effectiveness:1. fewer years of teaching experience.2. more confidence and self-assurance (16 PF - 0).When the grade earned in practicum was the criterion, the following characteristics predicted effectiveness:1. fewer years of teaching experience.2. more confidence and self-assurance (16 PF - 0). 3. more self-sufficiency and resourcefulness (16 PF Q2).Using a Pearson Product Moment Correlation the degree of association between the ratings on the Carkhuff-Berenson Scales and CERS was found not to be high.Using a K statistic the degree of agreement between the ratings on the Carkhuff-Berenson Scales and CERS was found to be greater than chance, but only moderately so.

No description available.

Mini-dissertation submitted in partial compliance with the requirements for the Master's Degree in Technology: Homoeopathy, Durban Institute of Technology, 2005. / In order to determine the perceptions of veterinarians towards homoeopathy and the utilization of homoeopathy by veterinarians in KwaZulu-Natal, a survey was sent out to 128 veterinarians practicing in the area. The questionnaire consisted of 6 demographic and 26 veterinary related questions. In most cases the respondents had to tick off a pre-printed answer, but a few of the questions had open-ended answers. The questionnaire was completed and returned by 63 (49,2%) veterinarians. The data was analysed by the SPSS software and the statistical methods used were frequency tables and chi-square tests. The response by the veterinarians was very positive and the sample well distributed in terms of age, type of practice, area of practice and type of animal treated. The study showed that 60.3% of respondents use homoeopathy, with the majority of these using homoeopathy for less than 10 years. Veterinarians who treat small animals were more likely to use homoeopathy than those treating large animals. The reasons for using homoeopathy were mainly as an alternative treatment, and because the treatment has less (no) side effects. Most veterinarians use homoeopathy on few patients, with only one veterinarian using it on all patients. All the veterinarians currently using homoeopathy expressed a wish to continues using homoepathy. / M

This study had as its sole purpose the outlining of sound procedures for the business teacher to follow in occupational counseling.

The specific problem confronted by this dissertation research is this: Do college students who are quite decided about their vocational choices have more developed and implemented self-concepts than do college students who are quite undecided about their vocational choices? If the decided students have more developed and implemented self-concepts than the undecided students, it can be logically reasoned that the developing and implementing of the self-concept is essential in the vocational choice process of college students. The purpose of this study is to resolve the problem concerning the possible self-conceptual differences between highly decided and highly undecided college students.

This investigation is concerned with the problem of identifying and analyzing kinds of information needed by community junior college students about career opportunities in business, as perceived by students, business teachers, and counselors in community junior colleges.

The problem of this study was to determine the relationship between certain aspects of vocational choice and certain non-intellectual personal characteristics.