Attitudes and beliefs on HPV infection and vaccination II Veronika Regnerová, PharmDr. Eva Zimčíková, Ph.D. Background: Cervical cancer is the second most common type of cancer in women. The majority of cervical cancer cases are caused by human papillomavirus (HPV). Three vaccines have been approved to prevent HPV infection and related diseases. Objectives: The study aimed to analyse the knowledge and attitudes regarding HPV, cervical cancer and HPV vaccination in secondary school students in the Czech Republic. Methods: The study was carried out in May 2017 at four secondary schools. A questionnaire used for data collection comprised 15 items including questions on demographic characteristics, knowledge about cervical cancer and HPV, vaccination coverage, HPV perceived susceptibility and seriousness, and beliefs on HVP vaccination. Results: A total of 667 students participated (mean age: 16.8 y ± 1.18; 63% female); 20.5% were smokers, 24.7% God believers. Most of the students (97.0%) heard about cervical cancer and penile cancer, significant proportion (68.3%) knew HPV was the causative factor. Half of the respondents (49.9%) have heard about vaccination against HPV. Among cervical cancer risk factors HPV infection was reported in 58.1% cases followed by promiscuity (14.5%), irregular...

ATTITUDES AND KNOWLEDGE OF HPV INFECTION AND VACCINATION Author: Dominika Blašková Supervisor: PharmDr. Eva Zimčíková, Ph.D. INTRODUCTION Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a DNA virus. The virus causes benign and malignant diseases of men and women such as laryngeal papillomatosis, genital warts, oropharyngeal carcinoma, cervical cancer, penile cancer and anus cancer. HPV can be prevented by appropriate precautionary measures. The main preventative method is vaccination against HPV. Besides vaccination, regular screening is necessary to detect premalignant changes on time. AIMS The aim of the theoretical part of the diploma thesis was to summarize the information about HPV, the diseases caused by human papillomavirus and vaccination against HPV, the main preventive measure. The primary aim of the practical part was to find out the level of HPV awareness among girls and boys and diseases caused by HPV. The secondary aim of the practical part was to find out opinions on HPV vaccination and determine the rate of vaccination against HPV among young people in Slovakia. METHODS The method of quantitative research taken in the form of a questionnaire was used in the diploma thesis. The survey was realized at two secondary schools in Svidník, Slovakia. The age range of respondents was 15-20 years. The data...

Immunization is the most successful method in preventing and controlling infectious diseases, which has helped saving millions of lives worldwide. The discovery of the human papillomavirus (HPV) infection being associated with a variety of benign conditions and cancers has driven the development of prophylactic HPV vaccines. Currently, four HPV vaccines are available on the pharmaceutical market: Cervarix, Gardasil, Gardasil-9, and the recently developed Cecolin. Multiple studies have proven the HPV vaccines’ safety and efficacy in preventing HPV-related diseases. Since 2006, when the first HPV vaccine was approved, more than 100 World Health Organization member countries reported the implementation of HPV immunization. However, HPV vaccination dread, concerns about its safety, and associated adverse outcomes have a significant impact on the HPV vaccine implementation campaigns all over the world. Many developed countries have successfully implemented HPV immunization and achieved tremendous progress in preventing HPV-related conditions. However, there are still many countries worldwide which have not created, or have not yet implemented, HPV vaccination campaigns, or have failed due to deficient realization plans associated with establishing successful HPV vaccination programs. Lack of proper HPV information campaigns, negative media reflection, and numerous myths and fake information have led to HPV vaccine rejection in many states. Thus, context-specific health educational interventions on HPV vaccination safety, effectiveness, and benefits are important to increase the vaccines’ acceptance for efficacious prevention of HPV-associated conditions.

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This thesis focuses on gynecopathology. It consists of a collection of seven papers published in pathology journals with impact factor. Introduction section contains selection of examples showing scientific application of molecular genetic methods. Further on the aims of individual research projects are described. The first project comprises histomophologic study of skin endometriosis addressing "mullerian" differentiation. A case report of a rare tumor namely borderline papillary serous tumor of the fimbriated end of the fallopian tube follows with molecular genetic analysis of KRAS, BRAF and p53 gene mutation status. Prospective longitudinal study on high grade squamous dysplasia (HSIL) of the cervix in HPV vaccinated women, so called DAV (dysplasia after vaccination), aims to elucidate pathogenesis of this phenomenon. Two other studies focus on incidence of fumarate hydratase deficient leiomyomas of the uterus and hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell carcinoma syndrome (HLRCC). The aim of those studies is to improve our diagnostic capability and increase detection rate of the patients with HLRCC syndrome. Finally a new subtype of HSIL namely bizarre cell dysplasia is described in two separate studies. Conclusion remarks contemplate the role of molecular genetics in surgical pathology.

This thesis focuses on gynecopathology. It consists of a collection of seven papers published in pathology journals with impact factor. Introduction section contains selection of examples showing scientific application of molecular genetic methods. Further on the aims of individual research projects are described. The first project comprises histomophologic study of skin endometriosis addressing "mullerian" differentiation. A case report of a rare tumor namely borderline papillary serous tumor of the fimbriated end of the fallopian tube follows with molecular genetic analysis of KRAS, BRAF and p53 gene mutation status. Prospective longitudinal study on high grade squamous dysplasia (HSIL) of the cervix in HPV vaccinated women, so called DAV (dysplasia after vaccination), aims to elucidate pathogenesis of this phenomenon. Two other studies focus on incidence of fumarate hydratase deficient leiomyomas of the uterus and hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell carcinoma syndrome (HLRCC). The aim of those studies is to improve our diagnostic capability and increase detection rate of the patients with HLRCC syndrome. Finally a new subtype of HSIL namely bizarre cell dysplasia is described in two separate studies. Conclusion remarks contemplate the role of molecular genetics in surgical pathology.