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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Aplicação de linhagens geneticamente modificadas de Bacillus subtilis no desenvolvimento de vacinas de mucosas contra patógenos entéricos. / Genetically modified Bacillus subtilis strains applied in the development of mucosal vaccines against enteric pathogens.

Paccez, Juliano Domiraci 03 December 2007 (has links)
Bacillus subtilis é uma bactéria gram positiva de solo, não patogênica, não colonizadora de tecidos, naturalmente transformável e formadora de esporos utilizada como modelo de estudo de bactérias gram-positivas. Essas características acarretam em vantagens para a produção de proteases de interesse industrial e para utilização como veículo de antígenos vacinais, porém a falta de vetores induzíveis torna sua utilização como ferramenta biológica pouco explorada. No presente trabalho descrevemos a construção de diferentes vetores capazes de expressar os antígenos subunidade B da toxina termo-lábil (LTB) e subunidade estrutural da fímbria CFA/I (CFAB) de Escherichia coli enterotoxigênica (ETEC) e avaliamos seu potencial vacinal. Foi avaliada a imunogenicidade de linhagens capazes de expressar LTB sob o controle de diferentes promotores: PgsiB (induzido em condições de estresse), PlepA (promotor constitutivo) e Pspac (induzido pela adição de IPTG) e em diferentes locais da célula (ancorada à parede celular ou secretada para o meio externo). Avaliamos ainda a imunogenicidade de linhagens capazes de co-expressar LTB e a listeriolisina O (LLO) de Listeria monocytogenes. O antígeno CFAB foi produzido no citoplasma ou ancorado à parede celular de B. subtilis em condições de estresse e as linhagens bacterianas administradas sozinhas ou conjuntamente com a toxina termo-lábil (LT) como adjuvante de mucosa. Camundongos imunizados com células ou esporos de B. subtilis recombinantes desencadearam respostas de anticorpos sistêmicos e secretados específicos para os antígenos (LTB e CFAB), não alterados pela adição do adjuvante. A expressão de LLO causou a supressão da resposta de anticorpos específicos para o antígeno LTB. Os resultados obtidos demonstram a viabilidade do uso de B. subtilis como veículo vacinal. / Bacillus subtilis is a gram positive, generally regarded as safe and spore forming soil bacteria used as a model for genetic and phisiological studies. This safety status allow its use as host for production of industrial protases and its application as vaccine vehicles, however the lack of epissomal inducible expression systems disable the exploration of this organism as a biotechnologic tool. In this work we describe the construction of epissomal vectors able to express the B subunit of the heat-labile toxin (LTB) and the structural subunit of the CFA/I fimbrae (CFAB) from the enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC). We evaluate strains able to express LTB under the control of three promoters: PgsiB (stress inducible), PlepA (constitutive) e Pspac (IPTG inducible) and allowing the expression of LTB secreted or anchored to the cell wall We also evaluate the immunogenicity of strains able to co-express LTB and the listeriolysin O (LLO) from Listeria monocytogenes. CFAB was expressed in the cytoplasm or anchored to the cell wall and administred alone or with the mucosal adjuvant LT. Mice immunized both with cells or spores elicited secreted and systemic specific antibodies responses, which were not altered by the addition of the adjuvant LT. LLO expression suppressed the antibodies responses against LTB. The data shows the ability of B. subtilis to be used as vaccine vehicle.
2

Aplicação de linhagens geneticamente modificadas de Bacillus subtilis no desenvolvimento de vacinas de mucosas contra patógenos entéricos. / Genetically modified Bacillus subtilis strains applied in the development of mucosal vaccines against enteric pathogens.

Juliano Domiraci Paccez 03 December 2007 (has links)
Bacillus subtilis é uma bactéria gram positiva de solo, não patogênica, não colonizadora de tecidos, naturalmente transformável e formadora de esporos utilizada como modelo de estudo de bactérias gram-positivas. Essas características acarretam em vantagens para a produção de proteases de interesse industrial e para utilização como veículo de antígenos vacinais, porém a falta de vetores induzíveis torna sua utilização como ferramenta biológica pouco explorada. No presente trabalho descrevemos a construção de diferentes vetores capazes de expressar os antígenos subunidade B da toxina termo-lábil (LTB) e subunidade estrutural da fímbria CFA/I (CFAB) de Escherichia coli enterotoxigênica (ETEC) e avaliamos seu potencial vacinal. Foi avaliada a imunogenicidade de linhagens capazes de expressar LTB sob o controle de diferentes promotores: PgsiB (induzido em condições de estresse), PlepA (promotor constitutivo) e Pspac (induzido pela adição de IPTG) e em diferentes locais da célula (ancorada à parede celular ou secretada para o meio externo). Avaliamos ainda a imunogenicidade de linhagens capazes de co-expressar LTB e a listeriolisina O (LLO) de Listeria monocytogenes. O antígeno CFAB foi produzido no citoplasma ou ancorado à parede celular de B. subtilis em condições de estresse e as linhagens bacterianas administradas sozinhas ou conjuntamente com a toxina termo-lábil (LT) como adjuvante de mucosa. Camundongos imunizados com células ou esporos de B. subtilis recombinantes desencadearam respostas de anticorpos sistêmicos e secretados específicos para os antígenos (LTB e CFAB), não alterados pela adição do adjuvante. A expressão de LLO causou a supressão da resposta de anticorpos específicos para o antígeno LTB. Os resultados obtidos demonstram a viabilidade do uso de B. subtilis como veículo vacinal. / Bacillus subtilis is a gram positive, generally regarded as safe and spore forming soil bacteria used as a model for genetic and phisiological studies. This safety status allow its use as host for production of industrial protases and its application as vaccine vehicles, however the lack of epissomal inducible expression systems disable the exploration of this organism as a biotechnologic tool. In this work we describe the construction of epissomal vectors able to express the B subunit of the heat-labile toxin (LTB) and the structural subunit of the CFA/I fimbrae (CFAB) from the enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC). We evaluate strains able to express LTB under the control of three promoters: PgsiB (stress inducible), PlepA (constitutive) e Pspac (IPTG inducible) and allowing the expression of LTB secreted or anchored to the cell wall We also evaluate the immunogenicity of strains able to co-express LTB and the listeriolysin O (LLO) from Listeria monocytogenes. CFAB was expressed in the cytoplasm or anchored to the cell wall and administred alone or with the mucosal adjuvant LT. Mice immunized both with cells or spores elicited secreted and systemic specific antibodies responses, which were not altered by the addition of the adjuvant LT. LLO expression suppressed the antibodies responses against LTB. The data shows the ability of B. subtilis to be used as vaccine vehicle.
3

Expression de marqueurs fluorescents et d'antigènes viraux chez les mycoplasmes, étude d’interactions avec les cellules de l’hôte / Expression of fluorescent markers and viral antigens by mycoplasmas, and interaction studies with host cells

Bonnefois, Tiffany 22 September 2017 (has links)
Un mini-transposon qui permet une mutagénèse stable et non marquée a été modifié pour permettre l’expression de gènes chez les mycoplasmes. Cet outil a tout d’abord été utilisé pour le développement de mycoplasmes fluorescents. Pour ce faire, les protéines mCherry, mKO2 et mNeonGreen ont été insérées dans le chromosome de deux espèces de mycoplasmes phylogénétiquement distants : Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides (Mmm) et Mycoplasma bovis (M. bovis). Cette insertion a permis l’observation sans précédent de colonies fluorescentes vertes et rouges chez les deux espèces et ce, sans toxicité apparente. De plus, des niveaux de fluorescence équivalents ont été quantifiés par cytométrie en flux chez les deux espèces, ce qui suggère que l’outil développé peut être largement utilisé chez les mycoplasmes. Ces mycoplasmes fluorescents ont ensuite été utilisés pour effectuer des études d’adhésion, d’invasion et de persistance de ces deux espèces de mycoplasmes avec différents types cellulaires bovins. Ces analyses ont confirmé que M. bovis présente de meilleures capacités d’adhésion et prolifération au support de culture, ainsi qu’aux cellules embryonnaires épithéliales qu’il envahi. Il présente aussi une meilleure résistance à la l’élimination par les macrophages. Néanmoins, Mmm a aussi été détecté à l’intérieur des macrophages après 72 heures d’infection, et ce, même à des MOI faibles et en présence de concentrations bactériostatiques d’antibiotique. Ensuite, le système d’expression a été utilisé pour tester la possibilité d’utiliser les mycoplasmes en tant que vecteurs vaccinaux. Le gène de la protéine H du virus de la peste des petits ruminants, utilisé avec succès dans des vaccins recombinants, a été inséré dans un mycoplasme caprin comme preuve de concept d’un vaccin multivalent. Cependant, malgré la détection d’ARNm spécifique, l’expression de la protéine virale n’a pas été mise en évidence, et ce, malgré le recours à une technique très sensible de détection par spectrométrie de masse. La preuve de concept n’a donc pas pu être réalisée. Pour conclure, les systèmes d’expression de gènes de fluorescences développés dans ces travaux sont bien adaptés aux études d’interaction hôte-pathogène et offrent une multitude de perspectives pour l’analyses fonctionnelle chez les mycoplasmes in vitro et in vivo.. / A mini-transposon affording unmarked, stable mutagenesis in mycoplasmas was modified to allow gene expression. This tool was first used for the development of fluorescence expression for stable and innocuous whole mycoplasma cell labelling. For this purpose, the fluorescent proteins GFP2, mCherry, mKO2 and mNeonGreen were introduced as chromosomal tags in the phylogenetically distant species Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides (Mmm) and Mycoplasma bovis (M. bovis), resulting in the unprecedented observation of red and green fluorescent mycoplasma colonies in the two species, with no apparent cytotoxicity. Equivalent fluorescence expression levels were quantified by flow cytometry in both species, suggesting that these tools can be broadly applied in mycoplasmas. These fluorescent mycoplasmas were then used to compare the adhesion, invasion and persistence of the two species in different bovine cells. They notably confirmed that M. bovis shows a higher adhesion and proliferation capacity to the inert culture surface and higher adhesion to embryonic lung epithelial cells, which it invades. It also shows an increased resistance to elimination by macrophages. However, fluorescent Mmm were also detected inside the phagocytes 72h post-infection, even at a low MOI. Finally, the expression vector was used to assess the possible use of mycoplasmas as vaccine vectors. For this purpose, we introduced the H gene of the “peste des petits ruminants” virus, already used in effective recombinant vaccines, in a caprine mycoplasma as proof-of-concept of a mycoplasma-based multivalent vaccine. However, despite the detection of specific mRNA, the expression of the viral protein could not be evidenced using a highly a sensitive peptide detection technique by mass spectrometry, so this prove of concept could not be delivered. Still, the fluorescence expression tools developed in this study are suitable for host-pathogen interaction studies and offer innumerable perspectives for the functional analysis of mycoplasmas both in vitro and in vivo.

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