Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T14:23:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Renato Dias Bigonha.pdf: 10953889 bytes, checksum: 8c20bbbb1d7fd15e9dd8777f3e88f879 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-09-17 / The development of a software system is a complex task. For development to occur, it is necessary communication between software developers and those interested in the use of such software (client). Through the interpretation of the client's intentions, is the specification of requirements that describe the features of the software and give rise to the application model. The use of natural language for such communication can bring ambiguities and vagueness communication and requirements specification. For any communication to take place a code or common language is needed for a sender and recipient and the software context, customer and developer. When the terms of the language used in communication does not mean exactly the same thing to both sides, communication can be impaired, giving way to the assumption, which may prove to generate specifications for software that does not meet customer needs. The fix for this software system can lead to rework that can be costly and increase development time. This research starts from the assumption that with the elimination or reduction of ambiguity and vagueness in communication and specification of the list of requirements, the resulting software development can be more likely to come to meet the client's goals. During the research it was noted that with the use of ubiquitous language during development can bring about improvements in development for proposing the setting of arbitrary terms according to the viewpoint and client context thus causing ambiguity and are reduced vagueness communication and requirements specification. But the requirements specification can never generate an absolute model, since the model is always abstracted from a different viewpoint / O desenvolvimento de um sistema de software é uma tarefa complexa. Para que o desenvolvimento ocorra, é necessária a comunicação entre os desenvolvedores de software e os interessados no uso de tal software (cliente). Através da interpretação das intenções do cliente, ocorre a especificação dos requisitos que descrevam as funcionalidades do software e dão origem ao modelo da aplicação. O uso da linguagem natural para essa comunicação pode trazer ambiguidades e vagueza à comunicação e especificação de requisitos. Para que qualquer comunicação ocorra é necessário um código ou linguagem comum à um remetente e ao destinatário e no contexto de software, ao cliente e desenvolvedor. Quando os termos da linguagem utilizada na comunicação não significam exatamente a mesma coisa para ambos os lados, a comunicação pode ficar prejudicada, dando espaço à suposição, que pode vir a gerar especificações de um software que não atende as necessidades do cliente. A correção desse sistema de software pode levar a retrabalho que pode ser custoso e aumentar o tempo de desenvolvimento. Essa pesquisa parte da hipótese de que com diminuição da ambiguidade e vagueza na comunicação e especificação da lista de requisitos, o software resultante do desenvolvimento possa ter mais chances de vir a satisfazer os objetivos do cliente. Durante a pesquisa, notou-se que com o uso da Linguagem Ubíqua durante o desenvolvimento pode trazer melhorias no desenvolvimento por propor a definição de termos arbitrários de acordo com o ponto de vista e contexto do cliente assim fazendo com que sejam diminuídas a ambiguidade e vagueza comunicação e especificação de requisitos. Mas a especificação de requisitos nunca poderá gerar um modelo absoluto, uma vez que o modelo é abstraído sempre a partir de um ponto de vista diferente

Abstract not available

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2006. / Title from first page of PDF file. Includes bibliographical references (p. 243-249).

We investigate the use of the concept of indiscernibilityand vagueness in spatial information systems. To representindiscernibility and vagueness we use rough sets, respectivelyfuzzy sets. We introduce a theoretical model to supportapproximate queries in information systems and we show howthose queries can be used to perform uncertain classi.cations.We also explore how to assess quality of uncertainclassi.cations and ways to compare those classi.cations to eachother in order to assess accuracies. We implement the querylanguage in an SQL relational language to demonstrate thefeasibility of approximate queries and we perform an experimenton real data using uncertain classi.cations.

<p>We investigate the use of the concept of indiscernibilityand vagueness in spatial information systems. To representindiscernibility and vagueness we use rough sets, respectivelyfuzzy sets. We introduce a theoretical model to supportapproximate queries in information systems and we show howthose queries can be used to perform uncertain classi.cations.We also explore how to assess quality of uncertainclassi.cations and ways to compare those classi.cations to eachother in order to assess accuracies. We implement the querylanguage in an SQL relational language to demonstrate thefeasibility of approximate queries and we perform an experimenton real data using uncertain classi.cations.</p>

In “Proof-Theoretic Justification of Logic”, building on work by Dummett and Prawitz, I show how to construct use-based meaning-theories for the logical constants. The assertability-conditional meaning-theory takes the meaning of the logical constants to be given by their introduction rules; the consequence-conditional meaning-theory takes the meaning of the logical constants to be given by their elimination rules. I then consider the question: given a set of introduction (elimination) rules \(\mathcal{R}\), what are the strongest elimination (introduction) rules that are validated by an assertability (consequence) conditional meaning-theory based on \(\mathcal{R}\)? I prove that the intuitionistic introduction (elimination) rules are the strongest rules that are validated by the intuitionistic elimination (introduction) rules. I then prove that intuitionistic logic is the strongest logic that can be given either an assertability-conditional or consequence-conditional meaning-theory. In “Grounding Grounding” I discuss the notion of grounding. My discussion revolves around the problem of iterated grounding-claims. Suppose that \(\Delta\) grounds \(\phi\); what grounds that \(\Delta\) grounds that \(\phi\)? I argue that unless we can get a satisfactory answer to this question the notion of grounding will be useless. I discuss and reject some proposed accounts of iterated grounding claims. I then develop a new way of expressing grounding, propose an account of iterated grounding-claims and show how we can develop logics for grounding. In “Is the Vagueness Argument Valid?” I argue that the Vagueness Argument in favor of unrestricted composition isn’t valid. However, if the premisses of the argument are true and the conclusion false, mereological facts fail to supervene on non-mereological facts. I argue that this failure of supervenience is an artifact of the interplay between the necessity and determinacy operators and that it does not mean that mereological facts fail to depend on non-mereological facts. I sketch a deflationary view of ontology to establish this. / Philosophy

Esta dissertação abordará alguns dos conceitos necessários para uma pré-compreensão sobre o contrato no direito brasileiro após a recepção da função social do contrato na cláusula geral do art. 421 do Código Civil. Serão confrontadas as idéias de tipicidade e individualidade no contrato, a partir do que se questionará a teoria empregada como base para a redação do artigo referido e a idéia de unidade do direito contratual brasileiro. / This paper aims at presenting some of the concepts necessary for a pre-comprehension regarding the contract in Brazilian law after the reception of the social function of the contract in general clause of 421 Article from the civil code. Vagueness doctrine and individuality will be confronted, from what will be questioned in the theory employed as basis for the writing of the 421 article from the civil code as well as the unity in Contract Law.

Esta dissertação abordará alguns dos conceitos necessários para uma pré-compreensão sobre o contrato no direito brasileiro após a recepção da função social do contrato na cláusula geral do art. 421 do Código Civil. Serão confrontadas as idéias de tipicidade e individualidade no contrato, a partir do que se questionará a teoria empregada como base para a redação do artigo referido e a idéia de unidade do direito contratual brasileiro. / This paper aims at presenting some of the concepts necessary for a pre-comprehension regarding the contract in Brazilian law after the reception of the social function of the contract in general clause of 421 Article from the civil code. Vagueness doctrine and individuality will be confronted, from what will be questioned in the theory employed as basis for the writing of the 421 article from the civil code as well as the unity in Contract Law.

Esta dissertação abordará alguns dos conceitos necessários para uma pré-compreensão sobre o contrato no direito brasileiro após a recepção da função social do contrato na cláusula geral do art. 421 do Código Civil. Serão confrontadas as idéias de tipicidade e individualidade no contrato, a partir do que se questionará a teoria empregada como base para a redação do artigo referido e a idéia de unidade do direito contratual brasileiro. / This paper aims at presenting some of the concepts necessary for a pre-comprehension regarding the contract in Brazilian law after the reception of the social function of the contract in general clause of 421 Article from the civil code. Vagueness doctrine and individuality will be confronted, from what will be questioned in the theory employed as basis for the writing of the 421 article from the civil code as well as the unity in Contract Law.

L’objectif de cette recherche est de cerner le concept du VAGUE dans le discours quotidien à travers l’emploi des adjectifs vague en français et vage en allemand tels qu’ils sont utilisés par des locuteurs ordinaires lors de l’appréciation d’un terme ou d’un énoncé auxquels ils ont été confrontés. Le corpus est constitué d’extraits d’articles de presse francophone et germanophone contenant les jugements de valeur « c’est vague », « réponse vague », « expression vague », etc. À l’aide d’une méthode qualitative et inductive, partant de jugements singuliers, ce travail laisse la parole au locuteur ordinaire et essaie de relever les différents sens ainsi que les diverses fonctions que peuvent avoir les termes vague/vage dans le langage courant. Ainsi, on montre que l’emploi des mots vague/vage peut non seulement signaler entre autres un manque d’informations, un degré élevé d’abstraction ou un problème de multi-référentialité de l’expression jugée mais également servir à disqualifier l’adversaire, fonction qui semble récurrente en situation de débat politique. Cette recherche se démarque par sa méthode, inspirée de travaux relevant de la Folk Linguistics (linguistique populaire), d’approches logico-philosophiques et de certaines études pragmatiques sur le VAGUE, mais elle vise également à compléter les catégories et les définitions existantes dans cette littérature à propos de ce phénomène. Il s’agit d’un travail conceptuel qui tient à apporter de nouvelles connaissances dans le champ des études menées sur le concept du VAGUE. / The aim of this research is to outline the concept of VAGUENESS in ordinary discourse by analyzing the uses of the adjectives vague in French and vage in German employed by speakers encountering an expression or an utterance they judge vague. The data consist of newspaper articles containing value judgments like “c’est vague” (it’s vague), “réponse vague” (vague answer), “expression vague” (vague expression), etc. By means of a qualitative and inductive method, this study acknowledges a special interest in ordinary speakers’ metalinguistic evaluative statements and attempts to determine the different meanings and functions attached to those evaluating terms. It will be shown that the use of the words vague/vage may point out a lack of information, a high degree of abstractness or a problem of multi-referentiality of the expression being judged; it is also possible to make assumptions about the pragmatic functions those judgments are fulfilling, such as, for instance, disqualifying one’s opponent, a common strategy in political debate situations. Inspired by Folk Linguistic studies, this thesis distinguishes itself from logical- and philosophical approaches as well as from the methodology of some pragmatic researches about vagueness and, in so doing, endeavors to contribute to a larger definition of the concept.