ITC/USA 2007 Conference Proceedings / The Forty-Third Annual International Telemetering Conference and Technical Exhibition / October 22-25, 2007 / Riviera Hotel & Convention Center, Las Vegas, Nevada / The most recent version of IRIG 118, Test Methods for Telemetry Systems and Subsystems, was released in 1999 and does not include any guidance for testing IRIG 106 Chapter 10 recorder / reproducers. This paper will describe the methodology and tools used to perform a thorough testing process to ensure compliance with the IRIG 106-07 standard.

Que ce soit dans une rue commerçante, un supermarché ou un aéroport, les phénomènes de foule sont incontournables et nous affecte au quotidien. Elle constitue un système complexe dont la dynamique collective, résultant des interactions individuelles, est difficile à appréhender et a toujours intrigué les scientifiques de différents domaines. Grâce au progrès technologique, il est aujourd'hui possible de modéliser les mouvements de foule et de les reproduire en simulation. Les simulations de mouvement de foule permettent aux chercheurs de plusieurs disciplines, comme les sciences sociales ou la biomécanique, de mieux étudier et comprendre les mouvements des piétons et leurs interactions. Quant aux sciences de la sécurité et du transport, ils y voient des applications concrètes comme le développement de modèles de foule capables de simuler l'évacuation d'un lieu public de moyenne ou de forte affluence, afin que les futures constructions ou aménagements publics puissent offrir une qualité de sécurité et de service optimale pour les usagers. Dans le cadre de cette thèse, nous avons travaillé sur le perfectionnement du modèle discret proposé et développé par l'équipe dynamique du laboratoire Navier. Dans ce modèle, les actions et les décisions de chaque piéton sont traitées individuellement. Trois aspects du modèle ont été traités dans cette thèse. Le premier concerne la navigation des piétons vers leurs destinations. Dans notre modèle, un piéton est représenté par une particule ayant une direction et une allure souhaitées. Cette direction est obtenue par la résolution d'une équation eikonale. La solution de cette équation permet d'obtenir un champ de vitesses qui attribue à chaque piéton, en fonction de sa position, une direction vers sa destination. La résolution de l'équation une fois ou à une période quelconque donne la stratégie du chemin le plus court ou le plus rapide respectivement. Les effets des deux stratégies sur la dynamique collective de la foule sont comparés. Le deuxième consiste à gérer le comportement des piétons. Après avoir choisi son chemin, un piéton doit interagir avec l'environnement (obstacles, topologie, ...) et les autres piétons. Nous avons réussi à intégrer trois types de comportement dans notre modèle: (i) la poussée en utilisant une approche originale, basée sur la théorie des collisions des corps rigides dans un cadre thermodynamique rigoureux, (ii) le passage agressif (forcer son chemin) modélisé par une force sociale répulsive et (iii) l'évitement ``normal'' en adoptant une approche cognitive basée sur deux heuristiques. Les performances des trois méthodes ont été comparées pour plusieurs critères. Le dernier aspect concerne la validation et la vérification du modèle. Nous avons réalisé une étude de sensibilité et validé le modèle qualitativement et quantitativement. À l'aide d'un plan d'expérience numérique nous avons réussi à identifier les paramètres d'entrée ayant les effets principaux sur les résultats du modèle. De plus, nous avons trouvé les différentes interactions entre ces paramètres. En ce qui concerne la validation qualitative, nous avons réussi à reproduire plusieurs phénomènes d'auto-organisation. Enfin, nous avons testé la capacité de notre modèle à reproduire des résultats expérimentaux issus de la littérature. Nous avons choisi le cas du goulot d'étranglement. Les résultats du modèle et ceux de l'expérience ont été comparés. Ce modèle de foule a également été appliqué à l'acheminement des piétons dans la gare de Noisy-Champs. L'objectif de cette application est d'estimer le temps de stationnement des trains dans la gare / Crowds are present almost everywhere and affect several aspects of our lives. They are considered to be on of the most complex systems whose dynamics, resulting from individual interactions and giving rise to fascinating phenomena, is very difficult to understand and have always intrigued experts from various domains. The technological advancement, especially in computer performance, has allowed to model and simulate pedestrian movement. Research from different disciplines, such as social sciences and bio-mechanics, who are interested in studying crowd movement and pedestrian interactions were able to better examine and understand the dynamics of the crowd. Professionals from architects and transport planners to fire engineers and security advisors are also interested in crowd models that would help them to optimize the design and operation of a facility. In this thesis, we have worked on the imporvement of a discrete crowd model developed by the researchers from the dynamics group in Navier laboratory. In this model, the actions and decisions taken by each individual are treated. In its previous version, the model was used to simulate urgent evacuations. Three main aspects of the model were addressed in this thesis. The first one concerns pedestrian navigation towards a final destination. In our model, a pedestrian is represented by a disk having a willingness to head to a certain destination with a desired direction and a desired speed. A desired direction is attributed to each pedestrian, depending on his position from the exit, from a floor field that is obtained by solving the eikonal equation. Solving this equation a single time at the beginning of the simulation or several times at during the simulation allows us to obtain the shortest path or the fastest path strategy respectively. The influence of the two strategies on the collective dynamics of the crowds is compared. The second one consists of managing pedestrian-pedestrian interactions. After having chosen his/her direction according to one of the available strategies, a pedestrian is bound to interact with other pedestrians present on the chosen path. We have integrated three pedestrian behaviors in our model: (i) pushing by using an original approach based on the theory of rigid body collisions in a rigorous thermodynamics context, (ii) forcing one's way by introducing a social repulsive force and (iii) "normal" avoidance by using a cognitive approach based on two heuristics. The three methods are compared for different criteria. The last aspect is the validation and verification of the model. We have performed a sensibility study and validated the model qualitatively and quantitatively. Using a numerical experimental plan, we identified the input parameters that are the most statistically significant and estimated the effects of their interactions. Concerning qualitative validation, we showed that our model is able to reproduce several self-organization phenomena such as lane formation. Finally, our model was validated quantitatively for the case of a bottleneck. The experimental results are very close to the ones obtained from simulations. The model was also applied to pedestrian movement in the Noisy-Champs train station. The objective of the study was to estimate the train dwell time. The simulation results were similar to the observations

Discrete event simulation is a widely used technique for decision support. The results of the simulation must be reliable for critical decision making problems. Therefore, much research has concentrated on the verification and validation of simulations. In this thesis, we apply a well-known dynamic verification technique, assertion checking method, as a validation technique. Our aim is to validate the particular runs of the simulation model, rather than the model itself. As a case study, the operations of a manufacturing cell have been simulated. The cell, which is METUCIM Laboratory at the Mechanical Engineering Department of METU, has a robot and a conveyor to carry the materials, and two machines to manufacture the items, and a quality control to measure the correctness of the manufactured items. This simulation is monitored and checked by using the Monitoring and Checking (MaC) tool, a prototype developed at the University of Pennsylvania. The separation of low-level implementation details (pertaining to the code) from the high-level requirement specifications (pertaining to the simuland) helps keep monitoring and checking the simulations at an abstract level.

No description available.

Hybrid testing is an emerging technique for system emulation that uses a transfer system composed of actuators and sensors to couple physical tests of a critical component or substructure to a numerical simulation of the remainder of a system and its complete operating environment. The realisation of modern real-time hybrid tests for multi-body contact-impact problems often proves infeasible due to (i) hardware with bandwidth limitations and (ii) the unavailability of control schemes that provide satisfactory force and position tracking in the presence of sharp non-linearities or discontinuities. Where this is the case, the possibility of employing a pseudo-dynamic technique remains, enabling tests to be conducted on an enlarged time scale thus relaxing bothbandwidth and response time constraints and providing inherent loop stability. Exploiting the pseudo-dynamic technique, this thesis presents the development of Robotic Pseudo-Dynamic Testing (RPsDT), a dedicated method that specifically targets the realisation of hybrid tests for multi-body contact-impact problems using commercial off- the shelve (COTS) industrial robotic manipulators. The RPsDT method is evaluated in on-ground studies of air-to-air refuelling (AAR) maneuvers with probe-hose-drogue systems where the critical contact and coupling phase is tested pseudo-dynamicallywith full-scale refuelling hardware while the flight regime is emulated in simulation. It is shown that the RPsDT method can faithfully reproduce the dominant contact impact phenomena between probe and drogue while minor discrepancies result from the absence of rate-dependant damping in the force feedback measurements. In combination with full-speed robot controlled contact tests, reliable estimates for impact forces, strain distributions and drogue responses to off-centre hits are obtained providing extensive improvements over current predictive capabilities for the in-flight behaviour of refuelling hardware and it is concluded that the technique shows great promise for industrial applications.

[EN] The availability of new processors with more processing power for embedded systems has raised the development of applications that tackle problems of greater complexity. Currently, the embedded applications have more features, and as a consequence, more complexity. For this reason, there exists a growing interest in allowing the secure execution of multiple applications that share a single processor and memory. In this context, partitioned system architectures based on hypervisors have evolved as an adequate solution to build secure systems. One of the main challenges in the construction of secure partitioned systems is the verification of the correct operation of the hypervisor, since, the hypervisor is the critical component on which rests the security of the partitioned system. Traditional approaches for Validation and Verification (V&V), such as testing, inspection and analysis, present limitations for the exhaustive validation and verification of the system operation, due to the fact that the input space to validate grows exponentially with respect to the number of inputs to validate. Given this limitations, verification techniques based in formal methods arise as an alternative to complement the traditional validation techniques. This dissertation focuses on the application of formal methods to validate the correctness of the partitioned system, with a special focus on the XtratuM hypervisor. The proposed methodology is evaluated through its application to the hypervisor validation. To this end, we propose a formal model of the hypervisor based in Finite State Machines (FSM), this model enables the definition of the correctness properties that the hypervisor design must fulfill. In addition, this dissertation studies how to ensure the functional correctness of the hypervisor implementation by means of deductive code verification techniques. Last, we study the vulnerabilities that result of the loss of confidentiality (CWE-200 [CWE08b]) of the information managed by the partitioned system. In this context, the vulnerabilities (infoleaks) are modeled, static code analysis techniques are applied to the detection of the vulnerabilities, and last the proposed techniques are validated by means of a practical case study on the Linux kernel that is a component of the partitioned system. / [ES] La disponibilidad de nuevos procesadores más potentes para aplicaciones empotradas ha permitido el desarrollo de aplicaciones que abordan problemas de mayor complejidad. Debido a esto, las aplicaciones empotradas actualmente tienen más funciones y prestaciones, y como consecuencia de esto, una mayor complejidad. Por este motivo, existe un interés creciente en permitir la ejecución de múltiples aplicaciones de forma segura y sin interferencias en un mismo procesador y memoria. En este marco surgen las arquitecturas de sistemas particionados basados en hipervisores como una solución apropiada para construir sistemas seguros. Uno de los principales retos en la construcción de sistemas particionados, es la verificación del correcto funcionamiento del hipervisor, dado que es el componente crítico sobre el que descansa la seguridad de todo el sistema particionado. Las técnicas tradicionales de V&V, como testing, inspección y análisis, presentan limitaciones para la verificación exhaustiva del comportamiento del sistema, debido a que el espacio de entradas a verificar crece de forma exponencial con respecto al número de entradas a verificar. Ante estas limitaciones las técnicas de verificación basadas en métodos formales surgen como una alternativa para completar las técnicas de validación tradicional. Esta disertación se centra en la aplicación de métodos formales para validar la corrección del sistema particionado, en especial del hipervisor XtratuM. La validación de la metodología se realiza aplicando las técnicas propuestas a la validación del hipervisor. Para ello, se propone un modelo formal del hipervisor basado en máquinas de autómatas finitos, este modelo formal permite la definición de las propiedades que el diseño hipervisor debe cumplir para asegurar su corrección. Adicionalmente, esta disertación analiza cómo asegurar la corrección funcional de la implementación del hipervisor por medio de técnicas de verificación deductiva de código. Por último, se estudian las vulnerabilidades de tipo information leak (CWE-200 [CWE08b]) debidas a la perdida de la confidencialidad de la información manejada en el sistema particionado. En este ámbito se modelan las vulnerabilidades, se aplican técnicas de análisis de código para la detección de vulnerabilidades en base al modelo definido y por último se valida la técnica propuesta por medio de un caso práctico sobre el núcleo del sistema operativo Linux que forma parte del sistema particionado. / [CAT] La disponibilitat de nous processadors amb major potencia de còmput per a aplicacions empotrades ha permès el desenvolupament de aplicacions que aborden problemes de major complexitat. Degut a açò, les aplicacions empotrades actualment tenen més funcions i prestacions, i com a conseqüència, una major complexitat. Per aquest motiu, existeix un interès creixent en per permetre la execució de múltiples aplicacions de forma segura i sense interferències en un mateix processador i memòria. En aquest marc sorgeixen les arquitectures de sistemes particionats basats en hipervisors com una solució apropiada per a la construcció de sistemes segurs Un dels principals reptes en la construcció de sistemes particionats, es la verificació del correcte funcionament del hipervisor, donat que aquest es el component crític sobre el que descansa la seguretat del sistema particionat complet. Les tècniques tradicionals de V&V, com són el testing, inspecció i anàlisi, presenten limitacions que fan impracticable la seva aplicació per a la verificació exhaustiva del comportament del sistema, degut a que el espai de entrades a verificar creix de forma exponencial amb el nombre de entrades a verificar. Front a aquestes limitacions les tècniques de verificació basades en mètodes formals sorgeixen com una alternativa per a completar les tècniques de validació tradicional. Aquesta dissertació es centra en la aplicació de mètodes formals per a validar la correcció del sistema particionat, en especial d del hipervisor XtratuM. La validació de la metodología es realitza aplicant les tècniques proposades a la validació del hipervisor. Per a aquest fi, es proposa un model formal del hipervisor basat en màquines de estats finits (FSM), aquest model formal permet la definició de les propietats que el disseny del hipervisor deu de complir per assegurar la seva correcció. Addicionalment, aquesta dissertació analitza com assegurar la correcció funcional de la implementació del hipervisor mitjançant tècniques de verificació deductiva de codi. Per últim, s'estudien les vulnerabilitats de tipus information leak (CWE-200 [CWE08b]) degudes a la pèrdua de la confidencialitat de la informació gestionada per el sistema particionat. En aquest àmbit, es modelen les vulnerabilitats, s'apliquen tècniques de anàlisis de codi per a la detecció de les vulnerabilitats en base al model definit, per últim es valida la tècnica proposada mitjançant un cas pràctic sobre el nucli del sistema operatiu Linux que forma part de l'arquitectura particionada. / Peiró Frasquet, S. (2016). Metodología para hipervisores seguros utilizando técnicas de validación formal [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/63152 / TESIS

Our society is increasingly demanding situation-aware smarter software (SASS) systems, whose goals change over time and depend on context situations. A system with such properties must sense their dynamic environment and respond to changes quickly, accurately, and reliably, that is, to be context-aware and self-adaptive. The problem addressed in this dissertation is the dynamic management of context information, with the goal of improving the relevance of SASS systems' context-aware capabilities with respect to changes in their requirements and execution environment. Therefore, this dissertation focuses on the investigation of dynamic context management and self-adaptivity to: (i) improve context-awareness and exploit context information to enhance quality of user experience in SASS systems, and (ii) improve the dynamic capabilities of self-adaptivity in SASS systems. Context-awareness and self-adaptivity pose signi cant challenges for the engineering of SASS systems. Regarding context-awareness, the rst challenge addressed in this dissertation is the impossibility of fully specifying environmental entities and the corresponding monitoring requirements at design-time. The second challenge arises from the continuous evolution of monitoring requirements due to changes in the system caused by self-adaptation. As a result, context monitoring strategies must be modeled and managed in such a way that they support the addition and deletion of context types and monitoring conditions at runtime. For this, the user must be integrated into the dynamic context management process. Concerning self-adaptivity, the third challenge is to control the dynamicity of adaptation goals, adaptation mechanisms, and monitoring infrastructures, and the way they a ect each other in the adaptation process. This is to preserve the eff ectiveness of context monitoring requirements and thus self-adaptation. The fourth challenge, related also to self-adaptivity,concerns the assessment of adaptation mechanisms at runtime to prevent undesirable system states as a result of self-adaptation. Given these challenges, to improve context-awareness we made three contributions. First, we proposed the personal context sphere concept to empower users to control the life cycle of personal context information in user-centric SASS systems. Second, we proposed the SmarterContext ontology to model context information and its monitoring requirements supporting changes in these models at runtime. Third, we proposed an effi cient context processing engine to discover implicit contextual facts from context information speci fied in changing context models. To improve self-adaptivity we made three contributions. First, we proposed a framework for the identi cation of adaptation properties and goals, which is useful to evaluate self-adaptivity and to derive monitoring requirements mapped to adaptation goals. Second, we proposed a reference model for designing highly dynamic self-adaptive systems, for which the continuous pertinence between monitoring mechanisms and both changing system goals and context situations is a major concern. Third, we proposed a model with explicit validation and veri cation (V&V) tasks for self-adaptive software, where dynamic context monitoring plays a major role. The seventh contribution of this dissertation, the implementation of Smarter-Context infrastructure, addresses both context-awareness and self-adaptivity. To evaluate our contributions, qualitatively and quantitatively, we conducted several comprehensive literature reviews, a case study on user-centric situation-aware online shopping, and a case study on dynamic governance of service-oriented applications. / Graduate

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:54:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RaimundoSM.pdf: 1084567 bytes, checksum: b0c04a2886a533d2f22958c9fda16e38 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-06-09 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Due of industrial informatics several attempts have been done to develop notations and semantics, which are used for classifying and describing different kind of system behavior, particularly in the modeling phase. Such attempts provide the infrastructure to resolve some real problems of engineering and construct practical systems that aim at, mainly, to increase the productivity, quality, and security of the process. Despite the many studies that have attempted to develop friendly methods for industrial controller programming, they are still programmed by conventional trial-and-error methods and, in practice, there is little written documentation on these systems. The ideal solution would be to use a computational environment that allows industrial engineers to implement the system using high-level language and that follows international standards. Accordingly, this work proposes a methodology for plant and control modelling of the discrete event systems that include sequential, parallel and timed operations, using a formalism based on Statecharts, denominated Basic Statechart (BSC). The methodology also permits automatic procedures to validate and implement these systems. To validate our methodology, we presented two case studies with typical examples of the manufacturing sector. The first example shows a sequential control for a tagged machine, which is used to illustrated dependences between the devices of the plant. In the second example, we discuss more than one strategy for controlling a manufacturing cell. The model with no control has 72 states (distinct configurations) and, the model with sequential control generated 20 different states, but they only act in 8 distinct configurations. The model with parallel control generated 210 different states, but these 210 configurations act only in 26 distinct configurations, therefore, one strategy control less restrictive than previous. Lastly, we presented one example for highlight the modular characteristic of our methodology, which it is very important to maintenance of applications. In this example, the sensors for identifying pieces in the plant were removed. So, changes in the control model are needed to transmit the information of the input buffer sensor to the others positions of the cell / Com o advento da inform?tica industrial muitos esfor?os t?m sido realizados para o desenvolvimento de nota??es e sem?nticas usadas para classificar e descrever diferentes tipos de sistemas, sobretudo na fase de modelagem. Tais esfor?os fornecem a infraestrutura necess?ria para a solu??o de alguns problemas reais de engenharia e a constru??o de sistemas pr?ticos que visam, principalmente, o aumento da produtividade, qualidade e seguran?a de processos. Al?m disso, apesar de muitos estudos tentarem desenvolverm?todos amig?veis para programa??o de controladores l?gicos industriais, estes ainda s?o programados atrav?s de m?todos convencionais no estilo tentativa e erro e, na pr?tica, usualmente n?o existe documenta??o escrita para esses sistemas. A solu??o ideal para este problema seria usar um ambiente computacional que permita engenheiros industriais implementar o sistema usando linguagens de alto n?vel e que obede?am padr?es internacionais. Baseado nessa perspectiva, este trabalho descreve um procedimento sistem?tico para modelar a planta e o controle de sistemas com din?mica discreta que incluem opera??es sequenciais, paralelas e temporizadas, usando um formalismo baseado nos Statecharts, denominado Statecharts B?sicos (SCB). A metodologia tamb?m permite procedimentos autom?ticos de verifica??o e implementa??o desses sistemas. A valida??o da metodologia foi realizada por meio de estudos de casos com exemplos t?picos de aplica??es da ?rea de manufatura. O primeiro exemplo apresenta um controle sequencial para um etiquetador de pe?as e serve para ilustrar a depend?ncia entre os dispositivos da planta. O segundo exemplo discute mais de uma estrat?gia de controle para uma c?lula de manufatura. O modelo da c?lula usada nos exemplos possui 72 configura??es poss?veis e, com um controle sequencial, a planta ficou restrita a 8 configura??es, enquanto que com um controle paralelo, a planta atuou em 26 configura??es diferentes, sendo, portanto, um controle menos restritivo. Por fim, foi apresentado um exemplo para ressaltar a caracter?stica modular da nossa metodologia, que ? de suma import?ncia para a manutenibilidade de aplica??es. Neste exemplo, os sensores para identifica??o de pe?as presentes na planta da c?lula de manufatura foram removidos, gerando a necessidade de altera??es no modelo do controle para propagar as informa??es do sensor de entrada de pe?as para as outras posi??es da c?lula.

In the continuous casting of steel, the Submerged Entry Nozzle (SEN), in particular the SEN geometry, has a primary influence on the flow pattern: the SEN controls the speed, direction and other characteristics of the jet entering the mould. The SEN is however relatively inexpensive to change (in comparison with other continuous casting equipment). Thus; there is a feasible incentive to exactly understand and predict the flow of molten steel through the SEN and into the mould, in order to maximise the quality of the steel by altering the design of the SEN. By changing the SEN geometry and SEN design, the flow pattern in the mould will also change: it is thus possible to obtain an optimum SEN design if (or when) the desired flow patterns and/or certain predetermined temperature distributions are achieved. Expensive and risky plant trials were traditionally utilised to “perfect” continuous casting processes. As opposed to the plant trials, this dissertation is concerned with the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) modelling of the SEN and mould, which, when used in conjunction with the Mathematical Optimiser LS-OPT, will enable the optimisation of the SEN design to achieve desired results. The CFD models are experimentally verified and validated using 40%-scaled (designed and built in-house) and full-scale water model tests. This dissertation proves that the CFD modelling of the SEN and mould can be quite useful for optimisation and parametric studies, especially when automated model generation (geometry, mesh and solution procedures) is utilised. The importance of obtaining reliable and physically correct CFD results is also emphasised; hence the need for CFD model verification using water modelling. / Dissertation (MEng (Mechanical Engineering))--University of Pretoria, 2007. / Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering / unrestricted

No description available.