Introdução – O Programa Saúde da Família (PSF), criado em 1994 pelo Ministério da Saúde, como estratégia para reorganizar a Atenção Primária de Saúde (APS), com foco na família, constitui-se um programa com relevantes desafios estruturais e de recursos financeiros. Sobre uma base conceitual da Promoção da Saúde, com interface no financiamento, a pesquisa tem sobre sua tutoria o impacto custo da Hipertensão Arterial Sistêmica (HAS), delineando as reflexões dos ‘saberes em saúde’. Objetivo – Construir um modelo de análise baseado nos custos dos Perfis Representativos de Sujeitos Hipertensos (PRSH) que permita identificar limites e potencialidades de programas para a promoção da saúde. Metodologia – Trata-se de uma pesquisa de método hipotético-dedutivo, exploratória, aplicada e analítica; utilizando-se da técnica de pesquisa de observação direta extensiva para formulação do instrumento de pesquisa. Pautada no PRSH Pré - HAS e PRSH – HAS, com distintos padrões clínicos, como forma de compreender o curso da HAS, calculado pela demanda de serviços inerente a morbidade (consulta, medicamento, exames clínicos e laboratoriais e desfechos clínicos), a pesquisa utilizou o Sigtab (Sistema de Gerenciamento de Tabelas), lista de preços de medicamentos da Anvisa (Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária) e Datasus, (Sistema de Informação do Sistema Único de Saúde) como valores de referência para o cálculo de custo dos serviços associados à patologia. Os custos foram descritos por meio de estatística descritiva, no sentido de identificar o componente de análise representante dos maiores dispêndios com a morbidade, o qual serviu para diagnosticar o possível ‘entrave’ conjuntural do PSF, levando-o a discussão final. Resultados – Verificou-se que o componente representante dos maiores dispêndios com a morbidade foi a não adesão ao tratamento da HAS. Reconhecendo o componente, demonstraram-se as inúmeras possibilidades da não adesão ao tratamento da morbidade, como forma de entender a razão pela qual não é possível a obtenção de níveis satisfatórios de controle da HAS. Após a descrição e análise das possibilidades, observou-se a necessidade de debater a relação entre o profissional de saúde e usuário do sistema público de saúde, abordando-se a educação empoderadora/libertária como forma de superar métodos biomédicos de atenção à saúde. Considerações finais – A educação empoderadora/libertária possibilitaria reconfigurar valores médios do curso total dos PRSH – Pré-Hipertensão de R$ 5.257,52 e da PRSH hipertensos de R$ 6.299,6 a níveis suportáveis pela comunidade, intervindos do processo saúde-doença da morbidade. Ressalta-se que esse processo dar-se-à sob novas concepções e estruturas sólidas de rearranjos no setor da saúde, desde a formação profissional em saúde, a prática clínica-social, a sustentabilidade fiscal, as maiores despesas potenciais em saúde per capita, o cumprimento orçamentário constitucional em saúde, até o comprometimento dos gestores. Uma reestruturação, portanto, comprometida com ações e serviços de saúde em consonância com a formação de sujeitos/cidadãos. / Introduction – The Program for Family Health was created in 1994 by the Ministry of Health as a strategy to organize the Primary Health Care, focusing on the family. Actually, it is a program which has structural and financial challenges. Following a conceptual base of promotion health, that contains a financing interface, this research deals with the cost impact of Systemic Arterial Hypertension, making a reflection about health knowledge. Objective – This research aims to build na analysis model based on the Representative Profil of Pre-Hypertensive and Hypertensive Subjects, which allows identifying limits and potentialities of healht promotion programs. Methology – About the methodology applied in this study, it is situated within the hypothetical-deductive method, exploratory, apllied and analytic to comprehend reality; using the extensive direct observation research technique to create the research instrument. Based on the Representative Profile of Hypertensive Subjects, which has distinguished clinical patterns, as a way to comprehend Systemic Arterial Hypertensios costs, calculated by the services demand inherent to morbidity, this research used Sigtap (Management System Talbes – a list of prices of Anvisa (National Agency for Sanitary Vigilance) and Datasus’ (Information System) remedies – as a were described using statistics. In this way, it was possible to identify representative component of the higher morbidity, in which it helped to dianose the possibile “obstacle” of the Family Health Program. Results – As a result, it was clear that the representative component of the higher morbidity was the non-adherence to the Sistemic Arterial Hypertension treatment. Recognizing the compornet, many of the possibilities for the non-adherence to the treatment were shown in order to undertand the reason why it is not possible to achieve satisfactory levels to controle Systemic Arterial Hypertension. After describing and analyzing all the possibilites, it as necessary to debate the relationship between the health Professional and the user throughout the approach of the empowerment/libertarian education as a way to overcome biomedical methods of the health attention. Final considerations: The empowerment/libertarian education would enable the configuration of medium amounts of R$ 5.257,52 for Pre-Hypertension patients and of R$ 6.299,60 for Hypertension patients to levels supported by the communiy, intervening in the morbidity health-disease process. It is important to say that this process has happened above new conceptions and solid structures of the Healthcare Sector since the health profession degree, clinical-social practice, fiscal sustainability, health expenditure per capita, fulfillment of the health budgetary constitutional, until the maganer commitment to health care. So, it is necessary a restructure compromised to actions and health services in harmony to the formation of subjects/citizens.

Introdução – O Programa Saúde da Família (PSF), criado em 1994 pelo Ministério da Saúde, como estratégia para reorganizar a Atenção Primária de Saúde (APS), com foco na família, constitui-se um programa com relevantes desafios estruturais e de recursos financeiros. Sobre uma base conceitual da Promoção da Saúde, com interface no financiamento, a pesquisa tem sobre sua tutoria o impacto custo da Hipertensão Arterial Sistêmica (HAS), delineando as reflexões dos ‘saberes em saúde’. Objetivo – Construir um modelo de análise baseado nos custos dos Perfis Representativos de Sujeitos Hipertensos (PRSH) que permita identificar limites e potencialidades de programas para a promoção da saúde. Metodologia – Trata-se de uma pesquisa de método hipotético-dedutivo, exploratória, aplicada e analítica; utilizando-se da técnica de pesquisa de observação direta extensiva para formulação do instrumento de pesquisa. Pautada no PRSH Pré - HAS e PRSH – HAS, com distintos padrões clínicos, como forma de compreender o curso da HAS, calculado pela demanda de serviços inerente a morbidade (consulta, medicamento, exames clínicos e laboratoriais e desfechos clínicos), a pesquisa utilizou o Sigtab (Sistema de Gerenciamento de Tabelas), lista de preços de medicamentos da Anvisa (Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária) e Datasus, (Sistema de Informação do Sistema Único de Saúde) como valores de referência para o cálculo de custo dos serviços associados à patologia. Os custos foram descritos por meio de estatística descritiva, no sentido de identificar o componente de análise representante dos maiores dispêndios com a morbidade, o qual serviu para diagnosticar o possível ‘entrave’ conjuntural do PSF, levando-o a discussão final. Resultados – Verificou-se que o componente representante dos maiores dispêndios com a morbidade foi a não adesão ao tratamento da HAS. Reconhecendo o componente, demonstraram-se as inúmeras possibilidades da não adesão ao tratamento da morbidade, como forma de entender a razão pela qual não é possível a obtenção de níveis satisfatórios de controle da HAS. Após a descrição e análise das possibilidades, observou-se a necessidade de debater a relação entre o profissional de saúde e usuário do sistema público de saúde, abordando-se a educação empoderadora/libertária como forma de superar métodos biomédicos de atenção à saúde. Considerações finais – A educação empoderadora/libertária possibilitaria reconfigurar valores médios do curso total dos PRSH – Pré-Hipertensão de R$ 5.257,52 e da PRSH hipertensos de R$ 6.299,6 a níveis suportáveis pela comunidade, intervindos do processo saúde-doença da morbidade. Ressalta-se que esse processo dar-se-à sob novas concepções e estruturas sólidas de rearranjos no setor da saúde, desde a formação profissional em saúde, a prática clínica-social, a sustentabilidade fiscal, as maiores despesas potenciais em saúde per capita, o cumprimento orçamentário constitucional em saúde, até o comprometimento dos gestores. Uma reestruturação, portanto, comprometida com ações e serviços de saúde em consonância com a formação de sujeitos/cidadãos. / Introduction – The Program for Family Health was created in 1994 by the Ministry of Health as a strategy to organize the Primary Health Care, focusing on the family. Actually, it is a program which has structural and financial challenges. Following a conceptual base of promotion health, that contains a financing interface, this research deals with the cost impact of Systemic Arterial Hypertension, making a reflection about health knowledge. Objective – This research aims to build na analysis model based on the Representative Profil of Pre-Hypertensive and Hypertensive Subjects, which allows identifying limits and potentialities of healht promotion programs. Methology – About the methodology applied in this study, it is situated within the hypothetical-deductive method, exploratory, apllied and analytic to comprehend reality; using the extensive direct observation research technique to create the research instrument. Based on the Representative Profile of Hypertensive Subjects, which has distinguished clinical patterns, as a way to comprehend Systemic Arterial Hypertensios costs, calculated by the services demand inherent to morbidity, this research used Sigtap (Management System Talbes – a list of prices of Anvisa (National Agency for Sanitary Vigilance) and Datasus’ (Information System) remedies – as a were described using statistics. In this way, it was possible to identify representative component of the higher morbidity, in which it helped to dianose the possibile “obstacle” of the Family Health Program. Results – As a result, it was clear that the representative component of the higher morbidity was the non-adherence to the Sistemic Arterial Hypertension treatment. Recognizing the compornet, many of the possibilities for the non-adherence to the treatment were shown in order to undertand the reason why it is not possible to achieve satisfactory levels to controle Systemic Arterial Hypertension. After describing and analyzing all the possibilites, it as necessary to debate the relationship between the health Professional and the user throughout the approach of the empowerment/libertarian education as a way to overcome biomedical methods of the health attention. Final considerations: The empowerment/libertarian education would enable the configuration of medium amounts of R$ 5.257,52 for Pre-Hypertension patients and of R$ 6.299,60 for Hypertension patients to levels supported by the communiy, intervening in the morbidity health-disease process. It is important to say that this process has happened above new conceptions and solid structures of the Healthcare Sector since the health profession degree, clinical-social practice, fiscal sustainability, health expenditure per capita, fulfillment of the health budgetary constitutional, until the maganer commitment to health care. So, it is necessary a restructure compromised to actions and health services in harmony to the formation of subjects/citizens.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T15:01:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacaoMurilo.pdf: 4430127 bytes, checksum: 504c9fadab4f754ebfcac0436e87fabd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-08-25 / The POE (Post Occupancy Evaluation) is a methodology of evaluation of the building in use, its components and attributes that congregates a set of evaluations of the point of view of the user and also of performance essays. The VA (Value Analysis) is a set of method and techniques destined to reduce the total cost of the product, process or service by keeping or improving its quality, evidencing the relation between value, function and the resources of which an organization undertakes the accomplishment of the productive activities. The aim of this study is to give a methodological contribution for the evaluation of the performance of a building in use through the analysis of the user´s perception of its attributes, using the POE and VA techniques. The degree of importance and the hierarchy of the determinative items of quality are considered. The proposed methodology suggests physical and organizational recommendations for the environment under study and provides input for the accomplishment of future projects. The expected result is the increase of the product quality of the Civil Construction Industry, in special, the building, where a special attention is given to the impact caused to the environment and also to the satisfaction of the users. As a result it was possible to charcterize the Areião Park raising its physical, environmental, organizational and behavioural aspects. The presented facts allowed a holistic compreenhension of the the Areião Park through its historical importance, its designed specifications, its buildings aspects and its meanings of use. / A APO (Avaliação Pós-ocupação) é uma metodologia de avaliação do ambiente construído, de seus componentes e atributos que reúnem um conjunto de avaliações do ponto de vista do usuário e avaliações por meio de ensaios de desempenho. A AV (Análise do Valor) é um conjunto de métodos e técnicas destinados a otimizar o produto, mantendo ou melhorando a sua qualidade, evidenciando a relação entre valor, função e os recursos de que uma organização empreende na realização das atividades produtivas. O objetivo deste estudo é dar uma contribuição metodológica para a avaliação do desempenho de um parque urbano, a partir da análise da percepção dos seus atributos pelo usuário, empregando técnicas de APO e AV. São considerados o grau de importância e a hierarquização dos itens determinantes da qualidade. Da metodologia obtém-se recomendações físicas e organizacionais para o ambiente em estudo e insumos para a realização de futuros projetos. Buscou-se o incremento da qualidade ambiental promovida por um parque urbano no município de Goiânia, Goiás, o Parque Areião, observando, por conseguinte, a satisfação da população. Como resultado foi possível caracterizar o Parque Areião, em seus aspectos físicos, ambientais, organizacionais e comportamentais. Os fatos apresentados permitiram uma compreensão holística do ambiente construído a partir da sua importância histórica, das especificações de projeto, dos aspectos construtivos e dos significados de utilização.

Patents have become a direct source of revenue, apart from providing legal protections for inventions. A patent generates revenue in its patented form through licensing or sell-out. Three challenges confront this shift in use of patents as direct revenue generators especially in the context of patent sale. First, the challenge of estimating the price a patent fetches in a sale (referred as ‗patent value‘) remains scarcely addressed owing to the intangible nature of patents and lack of patent sale data in public domain. Secondly, the variations in price and the method used to estimate the price while selling a patent individually (called as a singleton) or in a group along with other patents (called as portfolio) are little understood. Thirdly, literature focus so far has been on the static dimensions of patent value determinants leaving scope for researching the time varying dynamic nature of potential value determinants. This thesis aims to systematically address the above challenges and research gaps through five specific research objectives pertaining to the following four aspects of patent sale: (1) Successful sale aspect of patent lots in an auction (Research objective 1) Research objective 1: To explore the determinants of successful sale of singletons and portfolios. (2) Selling strategy aspect of the sold patents (Research objective 2) Research objective 2: To characterize the singleton and portfolio patent lots successfully sold in an auction. (3) Time dynamic aspect of factors influencing price (Research objectives 3 & 4) Research objective 3: To investigate the effect of time dynamic nature of patent age on the selling prices of singletons and portfolios. Research objective 4: To understand the effect of time dynamic trend of technological importance (TI) and patent class trend on selling prices of singletons and portfolios. (4) Valuation aspect (Research objective 5) Research objective 5: To identify the determinants of selling prices of singletons and portfolios. In this thesis, we use a combination of patent bibliometric and market based approach to study various aspects of singleton and portfolio patent sale incorporating the time dynamic aspect. A set of US patents auctioned by an US auction firm, called Ocean Tomo, is used as sample. The sample was dominated by patents from Computer & Communication field. The research findings showed significant differences in the characteristics of sold and unsold lots both in the case of singletons and portfolios. Amongst the sold lots, singletons were found to include more novel (lesser patent backward citations) and technology specific (higher C&C technology scope) patents than the portfolios sold. Further investigation on the variation in selling prices fetched by singletons and portfolios showed portfolios fetching significantly higher prices than singletons at the lot level. Interestingly, at a granular level, the equation reversed with singletons showing significantly higher price compared to the average price per individual US patent member within the portfolio. Along the time dynamic aspect, the existence of an optimal age to sell patents for higher prices is evidenced especially in the case of singletons from C&C technology field. The optimal age was found to be around 10 year 2 months of age from grant of singletons. No such optimal age was identified for portfolios. The growth trend analysis of the forward citations (technological importance of patent) and the patent applications filed within the specific patent class of a patent (attractiveness of patent class) illustrated the significance of the patent class trend in explaining variation in selling price of singletons. Finally, the valuation models of singletons and portfolios showed singletons being valued more on the patent related characteristics unlike portfolios which were valued based on the all three aspects – patent, seller and bundling. In summary, the novelty of the thesis resides in the (1) incorporation of new set of variables namely forward citation diversity, forward citations trend, patent class trend, technology scope and portfolio type in understanding patent price (2) treatment of time dynamic variables in understanding patent value and (3) focus on portfolio analysis through independent analysis of singleton and portfolio selling prices.

Black box testing techniques are important to test the functionality of the system without knowing its inner detail which makes sure correct, consistent, complete and accurate behavior or function of a system. Black box testing strategies are used to test logical, data or behavioral dependencies, to generate test data and quality of test cases which have potential to guess more defects. Black box testing strategies play pivotal role to detect possible defects in system and can help in successful completion of system according to functionality. The studies of five companies regarding important black box testing strategies are presented in this thesis. This study explores the black box testing techniques which are present in literature and practiced in industry as well. Interview studies are conducted in companies of Pakistan providing solutions to finance industry, which is an attempt to find the usage of these techniques. The advantages and disadvantages of identified Black box testing strategies are discussed, along with it; the comparison of different techniques with respect to most defect guessing, dependencies, sophistication, effort, and cost is presented as well.

Acquisitions & Mergers, a tool of strategic management, that is the basis of my research. The first question that my research addresses is the acquisition activity in the European Union. The acquisition activity is shown at two levels. In the basic level the numbers of transactions in each country were compared according to freely selected criteria. In the next level, the research deals with the existence of a relationship between the acquisition activity and macroeconomic indicators. The research study presents in detail three new economic indicators for comparison of acquisition activity: M-total, M-score, M-index. The second question that my research addresses is the percentage of successful and unsuccessful deals in the Czech Republic. My research evaluating acquisitions & mergers is based on the financial results. Financial results are looked at from three aspects according to how they may benefit specific interest groups: owners, creditors, employees. The next issue is a verdict on which firms, in terms of financial results in the pre-transaction period, have potential for successful development in the post-transaction period, and which seem to have no potential. The research study presents in detail the new method for acquisitions & mergers evaluating: Acquisition Value Analysis.

The discussion of the dissertation converses on the potential development practices of companies; especially in relation with customers, products and processes. It summarizes the current known relevant theoretical approaches of this concern such as: CRM, value analysis, functional analysis and performance measurement. The dissertation describes the methodology used to obtain the central information for potential development of customers. It presents the measurement methodologies for potential development practices. It also assesses the impact of products' standardization to potential development. It studies an example of product lines' functional analysis from a customer perspective. The selected research strategy is quantitative survey. The instructions to determine quantifiable indicators for potential development of customers and products are the contribution of this dissertation. It also contributes with a description of the historical context and the current interaction of the potential development of customers, products and processes. This work opens the discussion on the possibility of using potential development indexes as an alternative or complement to the standard economic indicators; especially for strategic business decisions or product portfolio strategy.

Orientador: Katia Lucchesi Cavalca / Dissertação (mestrado profissional) - Universidade de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T01:57:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Teixeira_CarlosAdrianoRigo_M.pdf: 786987 bytes, checksum: dd776dbfddcfe2cbf24dbc70d9823990 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004 / Resumo: No cenário atual, para serem competitivas, as empresas enfrentam o desafio de desenvolverem novos produtos em um espaço curto de tempo, com tecnologia superior à anterior e com custos reduzidos para garantir a sobrevivência do negócio. E o sucesso está diretamente atrelado aos requisitos exigidos pelos clientes, onde Qualidade, Confiabilidade, Entrega e Preço são o mínimo que se espera. Neste trabalho são abordadas metodologias utilizadas para o Planejamento e Garantia da Qualidade, as quais devem ser utilizadas já na fase de concepção do projeto do produto, pois é aqui que nasce em grande parte a qualidade, a confiabilidade e o preço final do produto. O produto escolhido para análise se trata da Embreagem Automotiva e, como método proposto, fez-se primeiramente uma interação entre o Modelo de Kano juntamente com o QFD, Custeio Alvo e Análise de Valor, a fim de se avaliar o grau de atendimento aos requisitos do cliente e determinar quais as funções cujos custos relativos estão acima das necessidades relativas, oferecendo, portanto, potencial para otimização ou mesmo eliminação. Tem-se, em seguida, a construção da Árvore de Falhas (FTA) para identificação dos componentes críticos que oferecem maior risco de falha no sistema. O trabalho tem por objetivo final, a análise de Confiabilidade e Regressão dos resultados obtidos nos ensaios, para determinação da confiabilidade da embreagem em estudo, componentes a serem melhorados ou otimizados, bem como criar uma metodologia para desenvolvimento de produtos otimizados / Abstract: In the current scenery, to be competitive, the companies face the challenge to develop new products in a short space of time, with superior technology to the previous and with reduced costs to guarantee the business survival. And the success is directly connected to the requirements demanded by the customers, where Quality, Reliability, Supply and Price are the minimum that is expected. In this work, methodologies are discussed, which are used for the Planning and Warranty of the Quality, which should already be used in the phase of the product project conception, because it is here that largely born the quality, the reliability and the final price of the product. The chosen product for analysis is the Automotive Clutch. As a proposed method, firstly an interaction among the Kano¿s Model, QFD, Target Cost and Value Analysis was accomplished to evaluate the attendance degree to the customer's requirements and to determine which the functions whose relative costs are above the relative needs, offering, therefore potential for optimization or even elimination. After that, it is constructed the Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) for identification of the critical components that offer larger fault risks in the system. The main target of the work is the analysis of Reliability and Regression of the results obtained in the Accelerated Life Testing, for determination of the reliability of the clutch in study, components to be improved or optimized, as well as to create a methodology for development of optimized products / Mestrado / Gestão da Qualidade Total / Mestre Profissional em Engenharia Mecanica

Orientador: Ariovaldo Denis Granja / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-27T16:54:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Melo_ReymardSavioSampaiode_D.pdf: 3570435 bytes, checksum: 6810689a549becc35c07922f4a0849cb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Resumo: Os problemas relacionados com a prática tradicional de redução de custos na construção civil e a necessidade de aumentar a competitividade de empresas do setor de real estate nortearam essa pesquisa. Neste sentido, o custeio-meta é uma abordagem promissora para melhorar a competitividade de empresas garantindo que os produtos lançados no mercado não comprometam a margem de lucro da empresa nem a entrega de valor para os clientes. No entanto, há uma escassez de pesquisas visando apoiar as organizações do setor imobiliário que desejam implementar de forma gradual os princípios do custeio-meta no processo de desenvolvimento de produtos imobiliários destinados à venda. Diante disso, o principal objetivo da pesquisa foi propor diretrizes para introdução do custeio-meta no processo de desenvolvimento de produtos imobiliários destinados à venda. A design science foi o método de pesquisa utilizado. A pesquisa foi dividida em três fases: incubação da solução, refinamento da solução e explanação. As diretrizes propostas estão relacionadas as três principais seções do processo do custeio-meta: custeio orientado ao mercado, custeio-meta no nível de produto e custeio-meta no nível de componente. / Abstract: The problems associated with the traditional practice of reducing costs in construction and the need to increase business competitiveness in the real estate sector guided this research. In this sense, the target costing is a promising approach to improving the competitiveness of companies by ensuring that products launched on the market do not jeopardize the company's profit margin or the value delivery to customers. However, there is little research to support the real estate industry organizations wishing to implement gradually the target costing principles in real estate product development process. Thus, the main objective of the research was to propose guidelines for introduction of target costing in the real estate products development process. Design science was the research method applied. The research was divided into three phases: solution incubation, solution refinement and explanation. The proposed guidelines are related to the three main sections of target costing process: market-driven costing, product-level target costing and component-level target costing / Doutorado / Doutor em Engenharia Civil

The thesis discusses the possibilities of financing construction of the house including the land purchase. The theoretical part is focused on the clarification of all possible variants of financing and explanations of terms that relate to this issue. The practical part is to model the situation shown the possibility of funding specific construction contracts. There is also a comparison of seven banks and their products through value analysis. On the basis of the selected and recommended to the investor the best option.