Considerando a relevância das cooperativas agropecuárias no agronegócio e, consequentemente, na economia brasileira e a importância dessas organizações aos produtores rurais, propõe-se, com base na abordagem da Gestão baseada em valor (VBM), identificar os direcionadores de valor mais adequados para as cooperativas agropecuárias brasileiras, além de mensurar a criação de valor econômico dessas organizações e formas de maximizá-la. Assim, motivado pela literatura de VBM e pelos poucos estudos empíricos sobre direcionadores de valor em cooperativas, o presente estudo defende a TESE de que a Gestão baseada em valor pode ser aplicada às organizações econômicas sem finalidade lucrativa, especificamente, as cooperativas agropecuárias, visando adequada mensuração da criação de valor econômico e de seus direcionadores de valor. Para tanto, utilizou-se a variável criação de valor econômico (EVA®) como proxy para valor econômico das cooperativas agropecuárias, sendo estimado Ke com base no CAPM, utilizando beta a partir da abordagem dos fundamentos. Foram propostos 19 potenciais direcionadores de valor limitados a análise das estratégias financeiras, os quais foram agrupados nas categorias de decisão operacional, de financiamento e de investimentos da gestão, além do tamanho das cooperativas. Para tanto, foram aplicadas as técnicas análise fatorial e regressão de dados em painel em uma amostra composta pelas cooperativas agropecuárias singulares dos estados do Paraná e do Rio Grande do Sul, durante o período de 2008 a 2016, totalizando 739 observações. Os resultados evidenciaram que todos os fatores extraídos (Financimaneto, Tamanho, Retorno, Giro e Investimento) dos 19 potenciais direcionadores de valor possuem relação estatisticamente significante a 10% com a criação de valor econômico das cooperativas agropecuárias. Quando da análise da relação entre os 19 potenciais direcionadores de valor e a criação de valor das cooperativas agropecuárias, os resultados evidenciaram as variáveis margem líquida (ML) , giro do ativo (G_AT), rotatividade do estoque (G_EST) e custo médio ponderado de capital (WACC) como os principais direcionadores de valor, sendo a ML e o WACC os de maior influência sobre a geração de valor econômico das cooperativas. Adicionalmente, as variáveis endividamento de longo prazo (END_LP), investimentos em ativos fixos (IMOB), receita (REC) e poder aquisitivo básico (PAB) foram identificadas como direcionadores de valor somente para as cooperativas criadoras de valor e as variáveis crescimento de vendas (CV) e alavancagem financeira (AF) foram identificadas como direcionadores de valor para as cooperativas destruidoras de valor. Esses resultados são importantes para que gestores e associados possam gerir a cooperativa voltando seus esforços e decisões para a maximização da criação de valor e/ou minimização da destruição de valor ao produtor rural associado. Além disso, os resultados contribuem para a análise de avaliação de desempenho econômico-financeira e, ainda, os direcionadores podem ser utilizados no processo de definição do retorno (remuneração e incentivos) aos gestores, alinhando os interesses desses aos interesses dos associados (proprietários), direcionando os esforços dos gestores à criação de valor aos associados. / Agricultural cooperatives are relevant to their members and to economy in Brazil. This research, based on Value-based Management (VBM) approach, identifies the most appropriate value drivers for Brazilian agricultural cooperatives and measures economic value of these organizations and how it could be maximized. This research was motivated by the literature on VBM and the lack of empirical studies about value drivers in cooperatives, so, the present study defends the thesis of VBM could be applied to non-profit economic organizations, specifically, agricultural cooperatives, as a wat to measure adequately economic value and their value drivers. For this purpose, the economic value added (EVA®) was used as a proxy for economic value of agricultural cooperatives. CAPM was used to determine the cost of equity capital, based on beta from fundamentalist approach. This research defined 19 variables as potential value drivers of financial strategies into categories, as operational, financing and investment decisions, and, lastly, the cooperative\'s size. The research methods were factorial analysis and panel data regression. Final sample was composed by singular agricultural cooperatives of Paraná and Rio Grande do Sul, during 2008 to 2016, totalizing a final sample of 739 observations. The results showed that all the factors extracted (Financial, Size, Return, Turn and Investment) of the 19 potential value drivers are statistically significant at 10% with the economic value of the agricultural cooperatives. When analyzing the relationship between the 19 potential value drivers and the economic value added. When analyzing the relation between the 19 potential value drivers and the value of agricultural cooperatives, the results show net profit margin (ML), asset turnover (G_AT), inventory turnover (G_EST) and weighted average cost of capital (WACC) as the key value drivers. It should be noted that ML and WACC have greater influence on the value of cooperatives. In addition, the variables long-term debt (END_LP), Fixed assets turnover (IMOB), revenue (REC) and basic earning power (PAB) were identified as value drivers only for cooperatives that created value in the period, instead of sales growth (CV) and financial leverage (AF) variables were identified as value drivers only for cooperatives that destroyed value in the period. These results are important for managers and members to manage the cooperative, so they can focus their efforts and decisions to maximize member\'s value added and/or minimize member\'s destruction of value. These results also contribute to the analysis of the economic and financial performance of cooperatives and could be used in the process of defining the return (remuneration and incentives) to the managers, aligning their interests with the interests of the members (owners), as a way to orientate managers\' efforts to create value for members.

Title: Volvo Trucks' Customer Value Proposition Authors: Ekaterina Storubleva, Gregor Milosch, Christian Neumann Tutor: Erik Hunter Date: May 2009 Keywords: Volvo Truck Corporation, truck industry, customer value, value drivers, retail strategy, communication, relationship marketing Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to evaluate the general composition of Volvo Trucks' customer value proposition in Europe and to examine possible ways of enhancing it using Volvo's retailing strategy as a tool. Background: The concept of customer value gains more and more importance in modern companies. Firms have to truly understand what their customers expect in order to provide the right products for them.Truck manufacturing is a very cyclical industry, which is why in times of crisis, when trade volumes go down, they need to excel even more in order to maintain good business relations with their customers. Volvo Trucks, one of the world's leading truck producers, has adopted a special retailing strategy, in which it owns strategically important dealerships, in order to improve customer understanding and consequently customer value. This paper discusses in how far they succeed at this. Method: The authors followed a triangular approach, combining quantitative and qualitative research. The quantitative part was covered by a communication chain study and a value driver study, both developed by the authors. In the qualitative part, each participant answered ten open questions, which were then used for internal consistency checks and contributed additional thoughts. Conclusion: The Volvo Truck Corporation (VTC), by adapting its retail strategy, realized the importance of establishing long-term customer relationships and generating adequate intelligence about customer needs. The company not only incorporated influential elements of relationship marketing but also strives for sustainable improvements in customer-perceived value. However, some conflicts between the stakeholder groups involved have been discovered. The corporation's core values were found to be in line with customer preferences. In essence, it is crucial for Volvo Trucks to implement the ideas of relationship marketing, establish superior communication channels, and to promote a common understanding of customer value.

Unga tillväxtföretag är svåra att värdera då tillgången till information är bristfällig. En potentiell investerare måste därmed uppskatta det unga tillväxtföretagets framtida utveckling då trender inte kan spåras i historisk data. Osäkerhetsfaktorn, såväl som den höga risken för misslyckande, måste således vägas in. Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka hur värderingen av unga tillväxtföretag går till i praktiken samt se hur risk och irrationalitet hanteras i processen. Vårt delsyfte är även att urskilja de faktorer som styr priset på ägarandelen. Vi har valt en kvalitativ ansats för att besvara vår frågeställning och för att få en djupare förståelse för de faktorer som inverkar på värderingen samt få en inblick i det mänskliga beteendet i investeringsprocessen. I denna undersökning har vi intervjuat tre representanter från Venture Capital-bolag samt tre affärsänglar. Respondenternas svar har sedan analyserats med utgångspunkt i uppsatsens teoretiska referensram som berör ämnena investeringsprocess, värdedrivare, värderingsmodeller, riskhantering samt irrationellt beteende. Studiens analys och slutsats visar att entreprenörens kvalitéer är den främsta värdedrivaren när ett ungt bolag med stor tillväxtpotential ska värderas och en avgörande faktor för ett investeringsbeslut. Andra viktiga parametrar är tillväxtmöjligheter så som goda marknadsförutsättningar och konkurrensfördelar gentemot andra aktörer. Mjuk och hårddata som finns till förfogande samt bedömarens intuition och erfarenhet från tidigare investeringar bildar tillsammans den slutgiltiga uppfattningen om hur företaget rimligtvis kan utvecklas. Intuitionen ses som ett viktigt kompletterande verktyg när informationsbrist råder vid värderingen. Avkastningen kan emellertid påverkas negativt när intuitionen vilseleder och resulterar i misstolkning av verkligheten. Den vanligaste värderingsmetoden som används är jämförande värdering där multiplar från liknande bolag används. Dock minskas kravet på en preciserad värdering ju större den potentiella avkastningen är. Innan investeringsbeslutet utförs en due diligence för att undersöka om den information de fått av bolaget stämmer samt att ingen information undanhållits. Investerarens uppfattning om bolagets värde ställs sedan mot entreprenörens under en förhandling där aktiepriset slutligen fastställs. En entreprenör som är en skicklig förhandlare och duktig på att marknadsföra sig i riskkapitalbranschen kan dock generera en högre värdering. Detta kan resultera i att investeraren vill förhandla om reglerande mekanismer som ska säkra investerarens avkastning. Strikta avtal, krav på preferensaktier samt andra specialklausuler kan då reducera värderingens betydelse. / Young companies with high growth potential are difficult to value since access to information is inadequate. A potential investor must therefore estimate the young growth company’s future development, since trends cannot be based on historical data. Thus the uncertainty factor as well as the high risk of failure must be weighed in. The purpose of this paper is to examine how valuation of young companies with high growth potential works in practice and see how risks and irrational behavior are managed during the evaluation process. Part of our purpose is also to identify factors that affect the price of ownership. We have chosen a qualitative approach to answer our question of formulation and to get a deeper understanding of the factors affecting valuation, as well provide insights into the human behavior in the investment process. In this paper, we have interviewed three representatives from venture capital companies, as well three business angel investors. The respondents' answers were then analyzed on the basis of the essays formulated theoretical framework, which affects the areas investment process, value-drivers, valuation models, risk management and irrational behavior. The study analysis and conclusions indicate that the entrepreneur’s own quality’s is the primary value-driver when a young company with great growth potential is valued and a decisive factor for an investment decision. Other important parameters are growth potentials such as favorable market conditions and competitive advantages over other players. Soft and hard data that is available as well as the assessor's intuition and experience from previous investments form together the final view of how the company reasonably can be developed. Due to the limited information, intuition is seen as a complementing tool in the valuation. The return may be negatively affected when intuition misleads and results in a misrepresentation of reality. The most common valuation method used is comparative valuation applying multiples of comparable companies. However, the greater the potential return is, the less important a precise value becomes. Before the investment decision is made, the investor executes a due diligence to ascertain whether the information gained by the company is correct and that no information is withheld. The investor's perception of the company's value is then set against the entrepreneur’s during a negotiation at which the stock price is finally determined. An entrepreneur who is a skilled negotiator and good at marketing themselves in the venture capital industry can however generate a higher valuation. This can result in that the investor wants to negotiate regulatory mechanisms that will secure the investor's return. Strict contracts, requirements for preferred stock and other special clauses can reduce the significance of the value.

A dinâmica do mercado e a competitividade têm levado as organizações a se adaptarem de forma cada vez mais rápida às exigências de fornecedores, clientes e acionistas. Sendo assim, uma etapa importante de preparação organizacional para este novo mercado tão exigente é a construção do orçamento empresarial. A montagem orçamentária busca em seus resultados a obtenção do lucro corporativo, porém as novas estratégias organizacionais discutem que as empresas não visam apenas ao lucro, mas também à geração de valor organizacional. Esta metodologia é conhecida como EVA® e propõe cobrir os gastos com as atividades empresariais, bem como obter uma remuneração maior que a expectativa de mercado aos acionistas e financiadores da empresa. Entende-se, então, que pode existir uma lacuna, que pressupõe que a construção do orçamento empresarial leve em conta a geração de valor organizacional. Para isso, este trabalho propõe, como objetivo geral, mudar a abordagem de orçamento com enfoque em lucro para a visão de geração de valor da empresa. Para este estudo, foi realizado um levantamento bibliográfico sobre a estrutura do orçamento empresarial, bem como sobre as metodologias existentes sobre o assunto, e também uma revisão sobre geração de valor e seus indicadores de resultados. O método de estudo é uma pesquisa aplicada, qualitativa e quantitativa, pois busca compreender de forma qualitativa o estudo levantado, bem como, por meio de números ou dados numéricos, a comprovação do estudo quantitativamente. É também uma pesquisa exploratória, pela necessidade de complementar os dados não disponíveis na literatura, e bibliográfica, pois tem como base estudos já publicados, como teses, dissertações e livros. Com o resultado da pesquisa, identificou-se que as empresas que utilizam o modelo tradicional de orçamento podem conseguir resultados diferentes daqueles obtidos com o modelo baseado na geração de valor. Dessa forma, elaborar uma proposta de metodologia na construção do orçamento com base na geração de valor pode nortear as organizações na busca por resultados voltados para a sustentabilidade financeira corporativa. Além disso, este trabalho visa contribuir para o debate sobre aperfeiçoamento do orçamento empresarial. / Market dynamics and competitiveness have led organizations to adapt in an ever faster way to the demands of suppliers, customers and shareholders. Thus an important step of organizational preparation, for this new rigorous market, is to build the business budget. The budget elaborations seeks to obtain corporate profit, but the new organizational strategies that companies have today state that profit is not the most important part, but the generation of organizational value. This methodology is known as EVA ®, and proposes to cover spending on administrative activities as well as getting a higher return than those expected by shareholders and lenders of the company. It is understood then that there may be a gap, where the budget construction takes into account the generation of organizational value. Considering this possibility this study suggests as main goal, to change the budget approach focusing on profit for the approach in focusing in the company\'s value generation. This study was based on a broad literature about the structures of the enterprise budget, as well as existing methodologies on the subject, and also a review of value generation and its performance indicators. The study method is an applied research, qualitative and quantitative, for it seeks to understand the qualitative information raised, and by means of numbers or numerical data to prove the study quantitatively. It is also an exploratory research since it is necessary to complement the data which is not available in the literature, and bibliography, since it is based on published studies, such as theses, dissertations and books. The result of the research identified that companies using the traditional budget can get different results obtained with the model based on value generation. Thus, the proposed methodology of building the budget based on value creation can guide organizations in the pursuit of results-oriented corporate financial sustainability. Moreover, this work has as objective to contribute to the discussion of improving the business budget.

The aim of the master thesis is to determine the objectified value of the company JHV - ENGINEERING s.r.o. to date of 31. 12. 2014 for the needs of management and owners. The first part presents the theoretical basis which is subsequently developed by the practical part on specific data. The content of this thesis includes the company introduction, as well as worked out strategic and financial analysis. This is followed by analysis and forecast of value drivers that are necessary to preparation of a financial plan. After that the valuation of the company is performed on the basis of discounted cash flow in variant of FCFF. In according to this method, the objectified value of the company is 927 523 thousand CZK to 31. 12. 2014. Subsequently, the resulting value is subjected to the sensitivity analysis.

The Master's Thesis deals with the valuation and the enterprise value determination. The thesis is divided into two parts. The theoretical-methodological part presents the basic principles for the valuation and defines the notion of value; indicates the particular groups of method used in compliance with the valuation objective. Special attention is devoted to the yields methods, FCFF, FCFE, and DCF models. The aim of the application part is to appoint the value of the Company ITEST plus, s.r.o to the date 30 April 2014. The application part includes company profile, strategic analysis, and financial analysis, prognosis of value drivers, financial plan, and final valuation. The discounted cash flow method - free cash flow to the equity is used for appointing the value of the enterprise. The lower limit value of the Company is determined on the accounting property of the Company.

The aim of this thesis is to evaluate enterprise ESTCOM CZ oxide ceramics Inc. for the purpose of sale to the general candidates on the market. The goal is to find the market value on December 31, 2014. The first part is theoretical and it summarizes the currently valid theoretical knowledge of recognized experts. T he second part is the practical part. It consists of financial and strategic analysis, followed by a chapter of value drivers and a financial plan. The financial plan was drawn up for the years 2015 2019. At the end of the thesis is company valued using discounted cash flow method discounted cash flow method and the capitalized earnings method.

The aim of this diploma thesis was the valuation of MADETA, Inc on December 31, 2010 for owners and creditors of the company. Teotethical part of the thesis is devoted to definitions relating to business valuation. Beginning of the practical part is focused on business performance, on definition of basic data valued the company; for history, present and future plans. Following part is covered a strategic analysis, which expresses the company's position on the market and competitiveness. Results from this analysis should be nedded for valuation. Further financial analysis is perfomed that provides information about financial health and used to conduct a financial plan.The next part of thesis is described the value drivers that define the fundamental determinants for business valuation. Final part is the part of business valuation by Discounted Cash Flow methods.

The main goal of this diploma thesis is evaluation of the company Nestlé Česko, s.r.o. which refers to 31. 12. 2012. The valuation process is based on publicly available data such as annual reports of the company. The diploma thesis consists of two main part, theoretical and practical. The theoretical part provides explanation and description of methods and aproaches used in this particular valuation process. The practical part begins with company introduction, followed by strategic and financial analysis in order to analyze the environment and financial health of the company. After that the value drivers are planned and on this basis the financial plan for the period 2013 -- 2017 is formulated. The financial plan is key for evaluation of the company using the combination of DCF entity method and the EVA method.

This diploma thesis deals with the determination of the value of company Reda a.s. to 31.12.2019, by using income-based method. The first part of thesis defines the theoretical assumptions and procedure for determining the value of company. The analytical part contains a strategic analysis, financial analysis, prognosis of value generators and the compilation of a financial plan. At the end of the diploma thesis, the value of the company is determined using the discounted cash flow method.