Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 2002. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 153-160).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Mathematics, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005. / Feodor Vainstein, Committee Member ; Dieci Luca, Committee Member ; Yi Yingfei, Committee Member ; Wang Yang, Committee Member ; Shui-Nee, Chow, Committee Chair. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2006. / Title from first page of PDF file. Includes bibliographical references (p. 113-114).

Η παρούσα διατριβή εκπονήθηκε ως μια διπλώματική εργασία υπό την επίβλεψη του καθηγητή Αναστάσιου Μπούντη (Τμήμα Μαθηματικό Πανεπιστήμιο Πατρών), κατά την διάρκεια του ακαδημαικού έτους 2012-2013. Στόχος μας ήταν να μελετήσουμε τόσο θεωρητικά όσο και αριθμητικά μη τετριμένες λύσεις και να κατανοήσουμε, σε γενικές γραμμές, τη συμπεριφορά της μη γραμμικής διαφορικής εξίσωσης δεύτερης τάξης van der Pol. Στη μελέτη που ακολουθεί εξετάζονται δύο περιπτώσεις της εξίσωσης van der Pol: η αυτόνομη μορφή και η μή αυτόνομη με περιοδικό εξαναγκασμό. Η εξίσωση που μελετάμε είναι μη γραμμική, οπότε για την ανάλυσή της χρησιμοποιείται η θεωρία διαταραχών μη γραμμικών διαφορικών εξισώσεων. Η θεωρία αυτή χρησιμοποιείται για τη κατασκευή προσεγγιστικών λύσεων, οι οποίες στη συνέχεια συγκρίνονται με τα αντίστοιχα αποτελέσματα που παράγονται μέσω αριθμητικής ολοκλήρωσης. Σχολιάζονται οι ομοιότητες και οι διαφορές μεταξύ των μεθόδων, τα πλεονεκτήματα και οι αδυναμίες τους. Συζητούνται επίσης ορισμένες από τις πιο χαρακτηριστικές ιδιότητες των λύσεων τόσο στη αυτόνομη, όσο και τη μη αυτόνομη μορφή της εξίσωσης. Ειδικότερα στο Kεφάλαιο 2 επικεντρωνόμαστε στην αυτόνομη μορφή και παραθέτουμε βασικούς ορισμούς και θεωρήματα της θεωρίας μη γραμμικών Σ.Δ.Ε, για την ποιοτική μελέτη της εξίσωσης. Μελετάται το είδος και η ευστάθεια των σημείων ισορροπίας και αποδεικνύεται η ύπαρξη οριακού κύκλου μέσω της θεωρίας Poincare-Bendixson. Με χρήση των μεθόδων ασυμπτωτικής επέκτασης, Poincare-Lindstedt και πολλαπλών χρονικών κλιμάκων της θεωρίας διαταραχών, προσδιορίζονται διαφορετικές προσεγγίσεις του οριακού κύκλου της εξίσωσης για 0<ε<<1. Σε κάθε περίπτωση κατασκευάζονται συγκριτικά διαγράμματα, όπου περιγράφονται οι λύσεις που δίνουν η αριθμητική ολοκλήρωση και οι αναλυτικές προσεγγίσεις. Στο Kεφάλαιο 3 αναλύονται μη αυτόνομες μορφές της εξίσωσης και διακρίνονται δύο περιπτώσεις: Διέγερση συχνότητας κοντά σε αυτή του αυτόνομου συστήματος και διέγερση συχνότητας μακριά από αυτή του αυτόνομου συστήματος. Στην πρώτη περίπτωση υπολογίζονται προσεγγίσεις των περιοδικών λύσεων της εξίσωσης με τις μεθόδους Poincare-Lindstedt και πολλαπλών χρονικών κλιμάκων και παρουσιάζονται σε διαγράμματα οι περιοδικές και οι σχεδόν-περιοδικές λύσεις για ορισμένες τιμές των παραμέτρων. Στη δεύτερη περίπτωση υπολογίζονται προσεγγιστικές λύσεις με τη μέθοδο δύο χρονικών κλιμάκων και κατασκευάζονται συγκριτικά διαγράμματα με τη λύση που δίνει η αριθμητική ολοκλήρωση, για τιμές παραμέτρων που αντιστοιχούν σε περιοδικές και σχεδόν-περιοδικές καταστάσεις. Στο τέλος του κεφαλαίου δείχνεται η ύπαρξη χαοτικής συμπεριφοράς στο σύστημα μας. Το Παράρτημα Α περιλαμβάνει τα κυριότερα στοιχεία, ορισμούς και θεωρήματα, της θεωρίας μη γραμμικών Σ.Δ.Ε, τα οποία αναφέρονται και εφαρμόζονται στα Κεφάλαια 2 και 3. Τέλος περέχονται όλα τα προγράμματα σε Mathematica, με τα οποία κατασκευάστηκαν τα διαγράμματα της εργασίας και πραγματοποιήθηκε η αριθμητική ολοκλήρωση των εξισώσεων. / This thesis elaborated as diploma work under the supervision of Professor Anastasios Buddhi (Department of Mathematics University of Patras), during the academic year 2012-2013. Our aim was to study both theoretically and numerically non- trivial solutions and to understand, in general, the behavior of non- linear differential equation of second order van der Pol. The following study examined both cases the equation van der Pol: the independent form and the non- autonomous by periodic forcing. The equation is nonlinear study, so for analysis using the perturbation theory of nonlinear differential equations. The theory is used to construction of approximate solutions which then compared with the corresponding results obtained through numerical integration. Commented on the similarities and differences between the methods, strengths and weaknesses. Also discussed some of the most characteristic properties of the solutions both autonomous and non- autonomous form of the equation. In particular in Chapter 2 we focus on autonomous form and quote basic definitions and theorems of the theory of nonlinear SDE for the qualitative study of the equation. studied the nature and stability of equilibria and prove the existence of incremental cycle through theory Poincare-Bendixson. Using the methods asymptotic expansion Poincare-Lindstedt and multiple time scales of perturbation theory, identified different approaches boundary circle of the equation for 0 < e << 1. In each case made comparative charts describing the solutions that give the numerical integration and analytical approaches. In Chapter 3 details the forms of non- autonomous equation there are two cases: Excitation frequency close to that of autonomous system and stimulation frequency from that of autonomous system. In the first case calculated approximations of periodic solutions of the equation by the methods of Poincare-Lindstedt and multiple time scales and charts presented in periodic and quasi- periodic solutions for certain values ​​of parameters. In the second case calculated approximate solutions with method two time scales and made ​​comparatively charts with the solution gives the numerical integration for parameter values ​​corresponding to periodic and quasi- periodic statements. At the end of the chapter shows the existence of chaotic behavior in our system.  Appendix A contains the main elements and definitions theorems of the theory of nonlinear SDE, which referred to and applied in Chapters 2 and 3. Finally presentation given all programs in Mathematica, the constructed diagrams of work and performed the numerical integration of the equations.

Cette thèse est constituée de deux parties : Dans la première partie nous étudions l’existence de solutions périodiques, de periode donnée, et à variations bornées, de l’équation de van der Pol en présence d’impulsions. Nous étudions, en premier, le cas où les impulsions ne dépendent pas de l’état. Ensuite, nous considèrons le cas où les impulsions dépendent de la moyenne de l’état et enfin, nous traitons le cas général où les impulsions dépendent de l’état. La méthode de résolution est basée sur le principe de point fixe de type contraction. Nous nous intéressons ensuite à l’étude d’un problème avec trois points aux limites, associé à certaines équations différentielles impulsives du second ordre. Nous obtenons un premier résultat d’existence de solutions en appliquant le théorème de point fixe de Schaefer. Un deuxième résultat est obtenu en utilisant le théorème de point fixe de Sadovskii. Pour le résultat d’unicité des solutions nous appliquons, enfin, un théorème de point fixe de type contraction. La deuxième partie est consacrée à la justification de la technique de moyennisation dans le cadre des équations différentielles floues. Les conditions sur les données que nous imposons sont moins restrictives que celles de la littérature.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-12T17:39:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 arquivo6925_1.pdf: 2994319 bytes, checksum: fdeaa6794e2982744e5325805b2f482c (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Estuda-se a dinâmica do sistema cardiorespiratório à luz da Teoria de Shannon. O estudo tem dois suportes metodológicos, um é o estudo de dois osciladores de van der Pol acoplados de diferentes maneiras e o outro é a ferramenta estatística, Informação Mútua, da Teoria da Informação de Shannon. Faz-se, primeiramente, uma revisão da fisiologia dos dois sistemas: o cardiovascular e o respiratório. Explora-se a interação entre a freqüência respiratória e a freqüência cardíaca como um possível marcador de eventuais disfunções fisiológicas. Analisa-se as possíveis formas de acoplamento entre dois osciladores de van der Pol. Os resultados reais, obtidos com o estudo de quatro pacientes do Instituto do Coração da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, confirmaram a grande potencialidade da ferramenta Informação Mútua como um indicador fisiológico

Σε αυτή τη διπλωματική εργασία παρουσιάζονται μερικές μέθοδοι ομαλών διαταραχών και η εφαρμογή τους στις "διάσημες" μη γραμμικές συνήθεις διαφορικές εξισώσεις Duffing, Castor και van der Pol.Οι μέθοδοι διαταραχών μπορούν να χρησιμοποιηθούν για να βρούμε προσεγγιστικές λύσεις σε διαφορικές εξισώσεις οι οποίες είναι μη γραμμικές και μια ακριβή λύση δεν μπορεί να βρεθεί. Η μέθοδος της θεωρίας διαταραχών γίνεται με σεβασμό ως προς μια μικρή παράμετρο ε, 0<ε<<1. Οι προσεγγιστικές αυτές μέθοδοι προυποθέτουν ότι γνωρίζουμε πλήρως τη λύση του προβλήματος για την τιμή ε=0 μιας παραμέτρου και επιχειρούμε να εκφράσουμε τη γενική λύση, για 0<ε<<1, υπό μορφή σειράς όρων του ε,ε^2,...κ.τ.λ. / In this thesis we present some regular perturbation methods and their applications to the famous non-linear ordinary differential equations of Duffing, Castor and van der Pol. The method of perturbations can be used to develop approximate solutions to differential equations, which have nonlinearities or variable coefficients so that an exact solution cannot be constructed. The method of perturbation expansion is carried out with respect to a small parameter ε,0<ε<<1. These approximate methods require that we know the solution of the problem for ε=0 and try to expess the general solution, for 0<ε<<1, as a series of terms ε,ε^2,...e.t.c.

<p> The frequency pulling of the van dcr Pol nonlinear oscillator due to an external forcing signal is investigated. The nonlinearity is of the zero-memory symmetric-cut-off type following a cube law.</p> <p> An experimental oscillator was built, and curves of the frequency shift of the oscillator fundamental against the magnitude of the input forcing signal are shown, both for a sinusoidal input and for a narrow band noise input. An empirical result is derived.</p> <p> The case of the sinusoidal input is examined theoretically. The importance of harmonic and intermodulation frequencies in the oscillator output is shown, and relations giving the oscillator frequency shift are given for small forcing amplitudes and for large amplitudes when the oscillator is nearly synchronized.</p> / Thesis / Master of Engineering (MEngr)

Neste trabalho as equações fenomenológicas (tetra-dimensionais) de Hodgkin-Huxley [5], para a membrana da fibra do neurônio, são estudadas mediante transformações não-lineares de variáveis. As transformações de variáveis visam estabelecer um processo controlado de redução de variáveis até chegar a um modelo bidimensional com o menor prejuízo quantitativo possível. O objetivo primordial é aprofundar o entendimento da aparente relação das equações de Hodgkin-Huxley com uma versão da equação de 2ª ordem de van der Pol, conhecida na literatura pelos nomes de equação de FitzHugh-Nagumo [83], equação de Nagumo [84] ou equação Bonhoeffer-van der Pol [7]. É proposta também uma nova formulação matemática para o modelo da corrente de potássio. Estas modificações possibilitam a elaboração de uma remodelagem do aspecto e funcionamento interno do circuito equivalente da membrana. Este circuito, além de facilitar as simplificações para comparar as novas equações em relação ao modelo tipo van der pol, apresenta também potencial teórico mais desenvolvido do que o circuito equivalente original de Hodgkin-Huxley, já que ao contrário deste os elementos do novo circuito podem ser mais facilmente reconhecidos e manipulados dentro da teoria usual de circuitos elétricos. Uma primeira conseqüência da concepção do novo circuito, aqui explorada, é a formulação do modelo da membrana na linguagem da mecânica analítica. / The phenomenological four-variable equations of Hodgkin and Huxley [5] for the neuron fiber membrane are studied by means of nonlinear transformations of variables . The purpose is gradually reduce the number of variables to a three and then to a two-dimensional model, with smallest possible deviations from the quantitative properties of the original model. The primary aim is to get better insights into the apparent connect ion between the Hodgkin-Huxley equations and a version of the second order equation of van der Pol, usually called FitzHugh-Nagumo equation [83], or Nagumo equation [84], or Bonhoeffer- van der Pol equation [7]. An alternative formulation for the potassium current is also proposed. The above modifications lead to an alternative circuit model for the nerve membrane. Such circuit helps the comparison with the van der Pol-type model. It exhibits also better theoretical appeal than the original circuit of Hodgkin and Huxley in the sense that the circuit elements are now properly defined in terms of usual electrical circuit theory. An application of the proposed equivalent circuit i s a description of the Hodgkin-Huxley membrane model according to the formalism of analytical mechanics.

Neste trabalho as equações fenomenológicas (tetra-dimensionais) de Hodgkin-Huxley [5], para a membrana da fibra do neurônio, são estudadas mediante transformações não-lineares de variáveis. As transformações de variáveis visam estabelecer um processo controlado de redução de variáveis até chegar a um modelo bidimensional com o menor prejuízo quantitativo possível. O objetivo primordial é aprofundar o entendimento da aparente relação das equações de Hodgkin-Huxley com uma versão da equação de 2ª ordem de van der Pol, conhecida na literatura pelos nomes de equação de FitzHugh-Nagumo [83], equação de Nagumo [84] ou equação Bonhoeffer-van der Pol [7]. É proposta também uma nova formulação matemática para o modelo da corrente de potássio. Estas modificações possibilitam a elaboração de uma remodelagem do aspecto e funcionamento interno do circuito equivalente da membrana. Este circuito, além de facilitar as simplificações para comparar as novas equações em relação ao modelo tipo van der pol, apresenta também potencial teórico mais desenvolvido do que o circuito equivalente original de Hodgkin-Huxley, já que ao contrário deste os elementos do novo circuito podem ser mais facilmente reconhecidos e manipulados dentro da teoria usual de circuitos elétricos. Uma primeira conseqüência da concepção do novo circuito, aqui explorada, é a formulação do modelo da membrana na linguagem da mecânica analítica. / The phenomenological four-variable equations of Hodgkin and Huxley [5] for the neuron fiber membrane are studied by means of nonlinear transformations of variables . The purpose is gradually reduce the number of variables to a three and then to a two-dimensional model, with smallest possible deviations from the quantitative properties of the original model. The primary aim is to get better insights into the apparent connect ion between the Hodgkin-Huxley equations and a version of the second order equation of van der Pol, usually called FitzHugh-Nagumo equation [83], or Nagumo equation [84], or Bonhoeffer- van der Pol equation [7]. An alternative formulation for the potassium current is also proposed. The above modifications lead to an alternative circuit model for the nerve membrane. Such circuit helps the comparison with the van der Pol-type model. It exhibits also better theoretical appeal than the original circuit of Hodgkin and Huxley in the sense that the circuit elements are now properly defined in terms of usual electrical circuit theory. An application of the proposed equivalent circuit i s a description of the Hodgkin-Huxley membrane model according to the formalism of analytical mechanics.