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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Efeitos do treinamento físico aeróbio sobre as alterações vasculares estruturais, mecânicas e funcionais de ratos espontaneamente hipertensos: mecanismos implicados / Effects of aerobic exercise trining on the vascular structural mechanical and functional alterations of spontaneously hipertensive rats: mechanisms involved

Redondo, Fernanda Roberta Roque 28 July 2010 (has links)
A hipertensão arterial (HA) é um importante problema de saúde pública e representa um dos fatores de risco mais relevantes na etiologia das doenças cardiovasculares. O incremento na resistência vascular periférica (RVP) é a principal característica da HA e está diretamente associado a alterações vasculares estruturais, mecânicas e funcionais. O aumento do estresse oxidativo tem sido considerado um importante fator que contribui para o desenvolvimento e estabelecimento da HA. A prática regular de exercício físico aeróbio, utilizada como medida não farmacológica para o tratamento da HA, tem se mostrado efetiva em reduzir os valores de pressão arterial através da promoção de diversas adaptações cardiovasculares. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos do treinamento físico (TF) aeróbio sobre as alterações vasculares de artérias coronárias e mesentéricas de resistência induzidas pela HA. Para isso ratos espontaneamente hipertensos (SHR) foram submetidos a um protocolo de TF aeróbio. Este TF promoveu alterações estruturais, avaliadas através de um miógrafo de pressão, como o remodelamento vascular em coronárias e redução de colágeno com aumento na área das fenestras da elastina em mesentéricas, as quais foram associadas com a melhora na rigidez vascular. Além disso, o TF induziu melhora da função endotelial, avaliada através de estudos de reatividade vascular, principalmente mediada por aumento na disponibilidade de óxido nítrico ocasionada por redução do estresse oxidativo. Os resultados sugerem que o TF promoveu alterações vasculares que podem contribuir para diminuir a RVP e reduzir a pressão arterial / Hypertension is a major public health problem and represents one of the most important risk factors in the etiology of cardiovascular diseases. Peripheral vascular resistance increased is the main feature of hypertension and it is directly associated with vascular structural, mechanical and functional alterations. Oxidative stress increased has been considered an important factor that contributes to the development and establishment of hypertension. Regular exercise training, used as a non pharmacological treatment of hypertension, has been effective reducing blood pressure by promoting several cardiovascular adaptations. The aim of the present study was evaluate the effects of treadmill training on the vascular alterations of coronary and mesenteric resistance arteries induced by hypertension. Then, spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were submitted to an aerobic exercise training protocol. The exercise training promoted structural alterations, measured by a pressure myography, as coronary vascular remodeling and collagen reduction and also the area of fenestrae in the elastin of mesenteric arteries were increased, which were associated with vascular stiffness improvement. In addition, the exercise training improved the endothelial function in both arterial beds, as evaluated by vascular reactivity analysis, mediated primarily by increasing nitric oxide availability caused by oxidative stress reduction. The results suggest that exercise training promoted vascular changes that can contribute to reduce peripheral vascular resistance and blood pressure
2

Efeitos do treinamento físico aeróbio sobre as alterações vasculares estruturais, mecânicas e funcionais de ratos espontaneamente hipertensos: mecanismos implicados / Effects of aerobic exercise trining on the vascular structural mechanical and functional alterations of spontaneously hipertensive rats: mechanisms involved

Fernanda Roberta Roque Redondo 28 July 2010 (has links)
A hipertensão arterial (HA) é um importante problema de saúde pública e representa um dos fatores de risco mais relevantes na etiologia das doenças cardiovasculares. O incremento na resistência vascular periférica (RVP) é a principal característica da HA e está diretamente associado a alterações vasculares estruturais, mecânicas e funcionais. O aumento do estresse oxidativo tem sido considerado um importante fator que contribui para o desenvolvimento e estabelecimento da HA. A prática regular de exercício físico aeróbio, utilizada como medida não farmacológica para o tratamento da HA, tem se mostrado efetiva em reduzir os valores de pressão arterial através da promoção de diversas adaptações cardiovasculares. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos do treinamento físico (TF) aeróbio sobre as alterações vasculares de artérias coronárias e mesentéricas de resistência induzidas pela HA. Para isso ratos espontaneamente hipertensos (SHR) foram submetidos a um protocolo de TF aeróbio. Este TF promoveu alterações estruturais, avaliadas através de um miógrafo de pressão, como o remodelamento vascular em coronárias e redução de colágeno com aumento na área das fenestras da elastina em mesentéricas, as quais foram associadas com a melhora na rigidez vascular. Além disso, o TF induziu melhora da função endotelial, avaliada através de estudos de reatividade vascular, principalmente mediada por aumento na disponibilidade de óxido nítrico ocasionada por redução do estresse oxidativo. Os resultados sugerem que o TF promoveu alterações vasculares que podem contribuir para diminuir a RVP e reduzir a pressão arterial / Hypertension is a major public health problem and represents one of the most important risk factors in the etiology of cardiovascular diseases. Peripheral vascular resistance increased is the main feature of hypertension and it is directly associated with vascular structural, mechanical and functional alterations. Oxidative stress increased has been considered an important factor that contributes to the development and establishment of hypertension. Regular exercise training, used as a non pharmacological treatment of hypertension, has been effective reducing blood pressure by promoting several cardiovascular adaptations. The aim of the present study was evaluate the effects of treadmill training on the vascular alterations of coronary and mesenteric resistance arteries induced by hypertension. Then, spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were submitted to an aerobic exercise training protocol. The exercise training promoted structural alterations, measured by a pressure myography, as coronary vascular remodeling and collagen reduction and also the area of fenestrae in the elastin of mesenteric arteries were increased, which were associated with vascular stiffness improvement. In addition, the exercise training improved the endothelial function in both arterial beds, as evaluated by vascular reactivity analysis, mediated primarily by increasing nitric oxide availability caused by oxidative stress reduction. The results suggest that exercise training promoted vascular changes that can contribute to reduce peripheral vascular resistance and blood pressure
3

Alterações placentárias decorrentes do diabetes tipo 1 em camundongos diabéticos não obesos (NOD) / Changes in placental arising out of diabetes type 1 in non-obese diabetic mice (NOD)

Santos, Anne Carolline Veríssimo dos 30 March 2016 (has links)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse is an experimental model largely used in research due to its development of a phenotypic condition of type 1 Diabetes Mellitus, sharing similarities with the disease in humans. During pregnancy the placenta is a vital organ which develops a diversity of functions that enables the development of a healthy fetus. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of hyperglycemia on placental changes of NOD mice. It was used hyperglycemic NOD female (HNOD) (non- fasting blood glucose test ≥ 270.0 mg/dl, n = 6), normoglycemic NOD female (NNOD) (non- fasting blood glucose test < 180 mg/dl, n = 6) and Balb-c female (n = 8) in this experiment. Placental were collected at 19.5 gestation day (gd). Data analyzed included maternal, fetal and placental weight; placental morphological changes; immunohistochemical expression of CD105, Caspase-3 and Histone-3; and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay CD105, PGIF-2 and VEGF-A. HNOD females weight was significantly lower at 0.5 gd when compared to NNOD and Balb-c. It was observed a decrease in fetal weight in HNOD when compared to Balb-c (989 ± 68 vs 1290 ± 57 mg, p < 0.05; n = 8). Placental weight was higher in HNOD in relation to NNOD and Balb-c (190 ± 26 vs 130 ± 4 p < 0.0001; 155 ± 8 mg, p < 0.001; n = 8). It was observed an increase of junctional zone (JZ) as well as a decrease of labyrinth (L) of HNOD group, in which it was also noticed nuclear and cytoplasmic alterations on cell populations of both areas when compared to NNOD and Balb-c. It was seen Capase-3 decrease in JZ and an increase of Histone-3 in JZ of HNOD placentas. Regarding the labyrinthin, where fetal-maternal exchange occurs, this group showed CD105 decrease and Histone-3 increase when compared with other groups. In the LZ the CD105 reactivity showed decreased in HNOD (206.9 ± 62.7 m², p < 0.0001) compared to Balb-c (847.9 ± 65.4 m², p < 0.0001) and NNOD (500.2 ± 2.6 m², p < 0.001) whereas in the JZ there was no difference between groups. For Caspase-3, reduced reactivity in the JZ was observed in HNOD (663 ± 107.2 m², p < 0.001) compared to Balb-c (1848 ± 74,3 m², p < 0.001) and NNOD (1239 ± 55.4 m², p < 0.05). In the LZ no difference was verified. For Histone-3, the intensity of reactivity was greater in JZ for HNOD (259.7 ± 20.4 m², p < 0.05) and similar between Balb-c (154.8 ± 30 m², p < 0.05) and NNOD (154.8 ± 16.6 m², p < 0.05). Reduced Histone-3 staining was present in LZ of HNOD (261.5 ± 14.5 m², p < 0.001) compared to Balb-c (653.0 ± 96 m², p < 0.001). The concentration of CD105 were higher in HNOD group in serum (5.28 ± 0.36 x 3.02 ± 0.47 pg/ml, NNOD p < 0.05) and placenta (69.72 ± 0.48 x 56.48 ± 4.5 NNOD p < 0.05 and x Balb-c 50.29 ± 2.4 pg/ml, p < 0.001). The placental PIGF2 concentration increased in HNOD (2.92 ± 0.07 pg/ml, p < 0.001) compared to Balb-c (1.86 ± 0.11 pg/ml, p < 0.001) and NNOD (2.45 ± 0.16 pg/ml, p < 0.05) whereas in the serum there was no difference. The serum and placental VEGFA concentrations were similar in all groups. Hyperglycemia was able to modify both placental regions and cellular structures on this experimental model, which might have altered some cellular events like apoptosis, cellular proliferation and angiogenesis. / O camundongo diabético não obeso (NOD) é um modelo experimental amplamente utilizado em trabalhos por desenvolver um quadro fenotípico de diabetes mellitus do tipo 1, similar à doença humana. Na gestação a placenta é um órgão vital, sendo capaz de desenvolver diversas funções que possibilitam um desenvolvimento fetal saudável. Modificações na sua estrutura e função comprometem a sobrevivência e o crescimento do feto. Sendo assim, o objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a influência da hiperglicemia nas alterações placentárias em camundongos NOD. Foram utilizadas fêmeas NOD hiperglicêmicas (NODH) (glicemia sem jejum ≥ 270,0 mg/dl, n = 6), NOD normoglicêmicas (NODN) (glicemia sem jejum < 180,0 mg/dl, n = 6) e fêmeas Balb-c (n = 8). As placentas foram coletadas no dia 19,5 de gestação (dg). Os seguintes dados foram analisados: peso materno, fetal e placentário; alterações morfológicas placentárias; expressão imunohistoquímica de CD105, Caspase-3 e Histona-3; e ensaio imunoenzimático de CD105, PGIF-2 e VEGF-A. O peso materno das fêmeas NODH foi signicativamente menor no 0,5 dg comparado aos grupos NODN e Balb-c. Verificou-se uma diminuição no peso dos fetos no grupo NODH quando comparado ao grupo Balb-c (989 ± 68 vs 1290 ± 57 mg, p<0,05, n = 8). O peso placentário foi maior no grupo NODH com relação ao NODN e Balb-c (190 ± 26 vs 130 ± 4 mg, p < 0,0001; 155 ± 8 mg, p < 0,05, n = 8). Observou-se nos camundongos NODH aumento da zona juncional (ZJ) e redução no labirinto (L), as células dessas regiões apresentavam alterações nucleares e citoplasmáticas quando comparadas aos grupos NODN e Balb-c. Observou-se no L redução de CD105 no grupo NODH (206,9 ± 62,7%, p < 0,0001) comparado aos grupos Balb-c (847,9 ± 65,4%, p < 0,0001) e NODN (500,2 ± 2,6%, p < 0,001), na ZJ não houve diferença. Na ZJ das placentas do grupo NODH redução de Caspase-3 (663 ± 107,2 m², p < 0.001) comparado aos grupos Balb-c (1848 ± 74,3 m², p < 0.001) e NODN (1239 ± 55,4 m², p < 0.05). Houve aumento de Histona-3 na ZJ no grupo NODH (259,7 ± 20,4 m², p < 0.05), sendo similar aos grupos NODN (154,8 ± 16,6 m², p < 0,05) e Balb-c (154,8 ± 30 m², p < 0.05), enquanto no L foi menor no grupo NODH (261,5 ± 14,5 m², p < 0.001) em relação ao Balb-c (653,0 ± 96 m², p < 0.001). A concentração de CD105 foi maior no grupo NODH no soro (5,28 ± 0,36 x 3,02 ± 0,47 pg/ml, NODN p < 0,05) e na placenta (69,72 ± 0,48 x 56,48 ± 4,5 pg/ml, NODN p < 0,05 x Balb-c 50,29 ± 2,4 pg/ml, p < 0,001). A concentração de PIGF-2 foi maior na placenta do grupo NODH (2,92 ± 0,07 pg/ml, p < 0,001) comparado aos grupos Balb-c (1,86 ± 0,11 pg/ml, p < 0,001) e NODN (2,45 ± 0,16 pg/ml, p < 0,05) e não houve diferença no soro. As concentrações de VEGF-A no soro e na placenta foram semelhantes entre os grupos. A hiperglicemia nesse modelo animal foi capaz de modificar as regiões da placenta e suas estruturas celulares o que pode ter alterado os eventos de apoptose, proliferação celular e angiogênese.
4

Signalisation Purinergique Vasculaire – Régulation et Rôle de la Nucléoside Triphosphate Diphosphohydrolase-1 (CD39) dans l’Hypertension Artérielle / Vascular Purinergic Signaling – Regulation and Role of the Nucleoside Triphosphate Diphosphohydrolase-1 (CD39) in Hypertension

Roy, Charlotte 13 December 2016 (has links)
La signalisation purinergique participe à de nombreux processus physiopathologiques dans le système cardiovasculaire. Alors que les nucléotides extracellulaires sont considérés comme des « signaux de danger » ; la NTPDase1(CD39), ectonucléotidase à l’origine de leur hydrolyse, permet de maintenir l’homéostasie vasculaire par ses actions anti-thrombotiques etimmuno-modulatrices. Le rôle de CD39 dans la fonction vasculaire liée à l’hypertension artérielle(HTA) reste méconnu. L’HTA, facteur de risque majeur de complications cardiovasculaires, est caractérisée par un remodelage structurel(hypertrophie, fibrose) et fonctionnel (hypercontractilité, dysfonction endothéliale) des vaisseaux, causées notamment par un stress oxydatif et une inflammation périvasculaire. L’objectif de notre projet a consisté à étudier l’évolution de CD39 ainsi que son rôle potentiel dans la condition vasculaire pathologique de l’HTA. Nous mettons en évidence une diminution de l’expression et de l’activité du CD39 vasculaire dans l’HTA. Une diminution de l’activité ADPase du CD39 soluble a également été observée au niveau circulant. L’étude des éléments à l’origine de cette diminution montre une sensibilité du transcrit vasculaire de CD39 à certaines cytokinespro- et anti-inflammatoires, mais également à une tension mécanique. Une étude in vivo du potentiel rôle de CD39 (souris déficientes pour le gène de CD39 (Entpd1) et traitement à l’apyrase) dans un modèle d’HTA à l’Angiotensine-II a également été réalisée. L’ensemble de ces données suggère qu’une diminution du CD39 vasculaire et circulant pourrait contribuer à majorer les altérations vasculaires contemporaines de l’HTA. / Purinergic signaling is involved in numerous physiopathological processes in cardiovascular system. While extracellular nucleotides are considered as « danger signals » ; the NTPDase1(CD39), ectonucleotidase responsible for their hydrolysis, preserves vascular homeostasis by itsanti-thrombotic and immunomodulatory actions.The role of CD39 in vascular function related to arterial hypertension remains unknown. Hypertension, the major risk factor of cardiovascular complications, is characterized by structural remodeling (hypertrophy, fibrosis) and functional (hypercontractility, endothelial dysfunction) of vessels caused in particular by perivascular oxidative stress and inflammation.Our aim was to investigate the evolution of CD39 expression / function and its potential contribution in the pathological vascular condition of hypertension. We highlighted a decrease invascular CD39 expression and activity in the context of hypertension. A decrease in soluble ADPase activity specific to CD39 was also observed in blood circulation. Investigation of elements responsible for this decrease reveals asensitivity of vascular CD39 transcription to several pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and to mechanical tension. In vivo study of potential role of CD39 (mice deficient for CD39 gene (Entpd1) and treatment with apyrase) in Angiotensin-II model of hypertension was also carried out. All these data suggest that a decrease in circulating and vascular CD39 may contribute to vascular changes associated with hypertension.

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