Radiant heating and cooling has a reputation of increasing the comfort level and reducing the energy consumption of buildings. The main advantages of radiant heating and cooling are low operational noise and reduced fan power cost. Radiant heating and cooling has been supplied in several forms, including floor heating, ceiling heating and cooling, radiant panels and façade heating and cooling. Among them, façade heating and cooling is the most recently developed system. This dissertation provides a comprehensive study of several technical issues relative to radiant heating and cooling systems that have received little attention in previous research. The following aspects are covered in this dissertation: First, a heat transfer model of mullion radiators, one type of façade heating and cooling, is developed and verified by measured performance data. The simulation demonstrates that the heating or cooling capacity of mullion radiators is a semi-linear function of supply water temperature and is affected by the thermal conductive resistance of mullion tubes, the room air temperature, the supply water flow rate, and the outside air temperature. Second, the impact of the positions of radiators on energy consumption and thermal comfort is studied. This dissertation compares the heating load and comfort level as measured by uniformity of operative temperature for two different layouts of radiators in the same geometric space. The air exchange rate has been identified as an important factor which affects energy saving benefits of the radiant heating systems. Third, the infiltration and the interaction of infiltration and mechanical ventilation air to produce moisture condensation in a radiantly cooled office are examined. The infiltration of the studied office is also explored by on-site blower door measurement, by analyzing measured CO2 concentration data, and through modeling. This investigation shows the infiltration level of the studied office to range between 0.46 and 1.03 air changes per hour (ACH). Fourth, the integrated sensible heating and cooling system is simulated and compared with a single duct variable air volume (VAV) system. The results show that, at the current infiltration level, the studied sensible heating and cooling system with an integrated active desiccant ventilation unit consumes 5.6% more primary energy than a single duct VAV system; it would consumes 11.4% less primary energy when the system is integrated with a presumed passive desiccant ventilation unit.

Radiant heating and cooling has a reputation of increasing the comfort level and reducing the energy consumption of buildings. The main advantages of radiant heating and cooling are low operational noise and reduced fan power cost. Radiant heating and cooling has been supplied in several forms, including floor heating, ceiling heating and cooling, radiant panels and façade heating and cooling. Among them, façade heating and cooling is the most recently developed system. This dissertation provides a comprehensive study of several technical issues relative to radiant heating and cooling systems that have received little attention in previous research. The following aspects are covered in this dissertation: First, a heat transfer model of mullion radiators, one type of façade heating and cooling, is developed and verified by measured performance data. The simulation demonstrates that the heating or cooling capacity of mullion radiators is a semi-linear function of supply water temperature and is affected by the thermal conductive resistance of mullion tubes, the room air temperature, the supply water flow rate, and the outside air temperature. Second, the impact of the positions of radiators on energy consumption and thermal comfort is studied. This dissertation compares the heating load and comfort level as measured by uniformity of operative temperature for two different layouts of radiators in the same geometric space. The air exchange rate has been identified as an important factor which affects energy saving benefits of the radiant heating systems. Third, the infiltration and the interaction of infiltration and mechanical ventilation air to produce moisture condensation in a radiantly cooled office are examined. The infiltration of the studied office is also explored by on-site blower door measurement, by analyzing measured CO2 concentration data, and through modeling. This investigation shows the infiltration level of the studied office to range between 0.46 and 1.03 air changes per hour (ACH). Fourth, the integrated sensible heating and cooling system is simulated and compared with a single duct variable air volume (VAV) system. The results show that, at the current infiltration level, the studied sensible heating and cooling system with an integrated active desiccant ventilation unit consumes 5.6% more primary energy than a single duct VAV system; it would consumes 11.4% less primary energy when the system is integrated with a presumed passive desiccant ventilation unit.

Diploma thesis is focused on air-conditioning and hot air ventilation of the pharmacy. The pharmacy is a part of a supermarket building. The pharmacy has its own engine room and air-conditioning. Solution is focused with the calculation of the flow rate, thermal losses and profit of pharmacy. Power of heater, cooler and humidifier are calculated according to psychrometric evaluation. Distribution elements and distribution of a duct are designed according to the flow rate of air. Total pressure losses in the duct are calculated according to the distribution in the conclusion. Units are designed for hot air ventilation and air conditioning and the engine room. In appendix there are calculations of thermal losses and gain, output from programme of CLIMACAL, drawing documentation and material specifications.

Denna rapport kommer att undersöka elanvändningen på ventilationsaggregaten i R-huset på Mälardalens högskola och även undersöka om byte av fläkt och motor i ventilationsaggregat vid eventuellt hög elanvändning är ekonomisk lönsamt. R-husets byggår är 1993 och har de mest uråldriga ventilationsaggregaten av skolans fastigheter. Ett ventilationsaggregats livslängd kan uppskattas mellan 20-30 år. Enligt undersökningar finns det stora möjligheter till energieffektiviseringsåtgärder i sektorn bostäder och service där ventilationsaggregat med föråldrad teknik och komponenter kan vara miljöbovar med hög elanvändning. En avgränsning i arbetet är att ventilationsaggregatet med högst specifik fläkt effekt (SFP) ska undersökas noggrant i form av energieffektivisering. Energieffektiviseringen kommer att begränsas till luftbehandlingsaggregatets fläktar och motorer. Kartläggning genomfördes med tryckmätningar på ventilationsaggregaten i R-huset och även el mätningar. El mätningarna behövdes för att beräkna den aktuella elanvändningen för fläktarna. Resultatet av den beräknade elanvändningen för vardera fläkt visade sig vara hög. Tryck mätningarna utfördes för att få fram tryckuppsättningen för fläktarna i aggregaten och vid beräkning av till- och frånluftsflöde. Tryckuppsättningen och flöde över fläktar behövdes vid val av ny fläkt och motor. Resultatet av kartläggningen visar att det totala SFP-värdet som står för den specifika fläkteffekten är höga i jämförelse vid nyproduktion där boverkets byggregler har krav på SFP-värde under 2,0 kW/(m3,s). Högsta SFP-värdet ligger på 4,4 kW/(m3/s) och en livscykelkostnad (LCC) utfördes för detta ventilationsaggregat. LCC-kalkylen baseras på en kalkylperiod på 10 år då på befintliga fläktar och motorer bedöms ha den livslängden. Kalkylräntan är satt till 9 %, energiprisökningen 5 % och detta ger en real kalkylränta på 4 %. Elpriset är valt till det aktuella på 0,80 kr/kWh. LCC-kalkylen visar att det inte är lönsamt att byta till nya fläktar och motorer. Payback metoden gav 12 års återbetalningstid vilket är länge i jämförelse med studerad litteraturstudie. En känslighetsanalys utfördes med ett fördubblat elpris och då blev det ekonomiskt lönsamt att byta befintliga fläktar och motorer till nya. / This report will examine the electricity consumption of the ventilation units in the R building at Mälardalen University and also investigate whether replacing the fan and motor in the ventilation unit with new combined fan and engine units in the event of high electricity consumption is economic profitable. The building was built in 1993 and has the oldest ventilation units of all properties at the university. A ventilation unit’s life can be estimated to last for 20-30 years. According to studies, there are major opportunities for energy efficiency measures in the residential and service sector, where ventilation systems with outdated technology and components can be energy wasters with high electricity consumption. A limitation of this work is that the ventilation unit with the highest Specific Fan Power (SFP) should be examined carefully in terms of energy efficiency. Energy efficiency will be limited to the air handling fans and motors. Mapping was conducted with pressure measurements in the ventilation units and also electrical measurements were done. Electricity measurements are needed to calculate the current electricity consumption of the fans. The result of the estimated power consumption of each fan was found to be high. Pressure measurements were performed to obtain the pressure of the fans in the units and to calculate supply and exhaust air flow. The pressure rise and flow of the fans are needed in order to select a new fan and motor. The result of the survey shows that the total SFP value is high in comparison with the new construction where Boverkets regulations requirements for SFP value is below 2.0. The highest SFP-value is 4.4 kW / (m3 / s) and a Life Cycle Cost (LCC) calculation was performed for that ventilation unit. The LCC calculation is based on a calculation time period of 10 years, where the existing fans and motors are predicted to last for 10 years. The discount rate is set at 9%, energy with a price increase of 5% and this gives a total discount rate of 4%. Electricity prices are up to date and are 0.80 SEK / kWh. LCC calculation shows that it is not profitable to switch to new fans and motors and as payback method gave a 12-year repayment period. A sensitivity analysis was performed with a redoubled electricity price and it then became economically viable to replace existing fans and motors with new ones.

This Master's thesis deals with reusing waste heat from the kitchen and .cold rooms of a restaurant, as a source of heat for heat pump water heater. The first part is about basic principles and theory which is needed to understand the function of heat pump and possibilities of reusing wasted heat. In the other parts, there are calculations and designs not only of a heat pump, but also coolers and ventilation unit needed for recycling of heat.

This diploma thesis deals with the impact of changes in operating and geometrical parameters of regenerative heat exchanger on the efficiency of decentralized ventilation units with heat recovery. Decentralized ventilation unit can be used for ventilation of family houses or smaller administration buildings. Output of this work is to determine the efficiency of a particular produced model of decentralized ventilation unit and overview of the possibilities increased efficiency of heat recovery of this units.

This master’s thesis deals with the design of the ventilation and heating system in low-energy single family house. The thesis is divided into three parts. The first part of the thesis provides an overview of the project together with the requirements of the house owner. The options for heating and ventilation in low-energy buildings are also discussed in this part. The second part deals with the design of the ventilation system with heat recovery. The design includes determination of the amount of ventilation air, selection of a suitable ventilation unit and the design of the supply air and return air ductworks. The last part focuses on the heating system. It includes the calculations of the heat loss of the house and design of floor heating. Furthermore, the selection of heat source together with the safety measures is described in this part. Both design parts include the bills of materials, along with the budget and the drawings.

The thesis is aimed on a proposal from heating sources, heating systems and ventilation of family house. Designing of a house is provided by Keeo4design. This proposal contains a complex of two houses. The first one is used for residential purposes, the other is made up of mostly parking garages. The work focuses on heat loss calculation objects. Subsequently, on a proposal from heating sources, heating systems, ventilation systems and their regulation.

Subject of this diploma thesis is a new building of nursery school in passive standards. The school has two floors. On both floors there are build two classes, each for twenty children. Structure is based on strip foundations and load-bearing walls are made from sand-lime blocks. The horizontal load-bearing structures are from cast-in-place reinforced concrete. School has green flat roof and above atrium has sloped roof. The shape of building is made by three circle segments with different radius. Ventilation of the building is ensured by heat recovery ventilation unit. Project is situated into an urban area of Brno, nearby the city center, on brownfield plot.

The aim of this thesis is to elaborate project documentation for new construction of low-energy residential building with 16 luxury apartments, apartment without barriers and with pharmacy of basic type. It is a four-storey detached building without basement, with flat roof, roof terraces and with balconies. Residential building is located in one of the most enjoyable parts of the city of Zlín – Jižní Svahy II in the vicinity of Central park with bicycle path and with beautiful view of the Zlín. The building will be located on land plot No. 2144/46, where is still situated unfinished building "Torso" from the late 80 years. The residential building is designed in brick system Heluz, ceiling construction is made up of prestressed hollow core slabs, perimeter walls are with external thermal insulation composite system and external doors and windows are made of plastic and aluminum with triple glazing. For heating and water heating will be utilized renewables energy, such as heat pump and solar collectors. Residential units with three residential rooms are designed with a forced ventilation by means of ventilation units with heat recovery. The building also uses modern shielding elements such as outdoor blinds and horizontal sun breakers. The part of the project are also disposition studies, seminar work and energy part.