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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

The Relationship between Health Related Quality of Life and Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Surgery

Gazala, Sayf Unknown Date
No description available.
2

Outcomes of management of retained hemothorax

Wing, Samuel Robert 25 July 2018 (has links)
PURPOSE: Hemothorax, the collection of blood in the intrapleural space, commonly arises in patients suffering from thoracic trauma. Fluid collections in this space can compromise cardiac and respiratory function and if left untreated, can result in hypovolemic crisis. Fluid is often successfully drained via a tube thoracostomy, in which an intercostal drain is inserted into the pleural space. If residual blood remains, however, clotting may occur and result in a retained hemothorax (RH). Intrapleural administration of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), a fibrinolytic drug typically utilized in ischemic stroke, has been shown to be both a safe and effective technique to hydrolyze RH clots and reduce the need for more invasive surgical interventions. The present study aims to evaluate the safety and efficacy of tPA administration at Boston Medical Center (BMC) and compare this data to those of prior studies. This study will also investigate if tPA as a definitive treatment for RH, could reduce the need for additional interventions such as surgical procedures including Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery (VATS) and/or invasive thoracaotomy. Hospital/intensive care unit (ICU) lengths of stay (LOS), ventilator time, and complication rates will be used to determine if tPA may allow for a significant decrease in patient cost and burden of care versus surgery. An analysis of patient demographics and injury data will be used to determine the individual factors that could be used to predict the success of tPA as a definitive treatment. Using evidence-based treatment protocols, the aforementioned data will be critically evaluated to determine the appropriate timing and sequential positioning of tPA administration in the treatment algorithm for retained hemothorax. METHODS: A single-institution retrospective chart review was conducted of patients treated for traumatic pneumohemothorax by the Department of Acute Care and Trauma Surgery at Boston Medical Center. A study on predictive factors of the development of retained hemothorax included all such patients that presented to the emergency department (ED) between May 2014 and June 2016. Demographic and injury characteristics were analyzed to determine if patients from specific groups or with specific injuries are more prone to develop RH. To evaluate the safety of intrapleural tissue plasminogen activator, the incidence of complications such as post-trauma infection and mortality were determined in patients that were administered tPA to resolve retained hemothorax between May 2014 through December 2016. Next, utilizing an expanded data set, the efficacy of tPA was evaluated by determining the percentage of cases in which tPA was able to definitively resolve RH. Secondary efficacy data including average hospital length of stay, average ICU length of stay, average mechanical ventilation time, and rate of readmission were compared between various interventions as well. Finally, to elucidate the risk factors for RH and independent predictors of tPA as a definitive treatment, demographic data including age, ethnicity, and gender as well as injury data including mechanism of injury, the presence or absence of multisystem trauma, and the presence or absence of specific injuries such as rib fracture, pulmonary contusion, or diaphragmic insult were collected. RESULTS: A statistically significant positive correlation was observed between the likelihood of developing RH and both abdominal alimentary tract and extremity injuries, indicating that these injuries may serve as predictive factors for RH development. In a study investigating the safety of intrapleural tPA, there was no statistically significant difference in post-trauma infection rates between individuals treated with tPA and those who were not. Additionally, tPA treatment was associated with a lower mortality rate. Efficacy studies revealed that tPA therapy was associated with a statistically significant decrease in mechanical ventilation time, as compared to surgical intervention, however, tPA carried a RH resolution rate of just 43% with one patient experiencing a major adverse systemic reaction to the drug. Finally, demographic and injury data were analyzed to determine predictive factors of tPA success, but no statistically significant relationships were observed between any of these characteristics and the outcome of tPA therapy. CONCLUSION: Intrapleural tPA is a safe and effective alternative to more invasive surgical procedures. The success rate of tPA therapy in the present study was less than previous studies have indicated, however, the potential decreased ventilation time is important for preventing ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) and the high rate of mortality it carries. Although the success rate is lower than expected, tPA should still be considered in the RH treatment protocol, prior to surgery, to decrease required ventilation time and potentially prevent the need for more invasive interventions with higher costs, morbidity, mortality rates, and patient burden.
3

Localizing small lung lesions in video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery via radiofrequency identification marking / RFIDマーキングを用いた胸腔鏡下手術における微小肺病変同定方法 / # ja-Kana

Yutaka, Yojiro 25 September 2018 (has links)
京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第21338号 / 医博第4396号 / 新制||医||1031(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 坂井 義治, 教授 平井 豊博, 教授 溝脇 尚志 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM
4

Development of a novel lung-stabilizing device for VATS procedures / 胸腔鏡手術用新規肺スタビライザーの開発

Muranishi, Yusuke 25 March 2019 (has links)
京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第21620号 / 医博第4426号 / 新制||医||1033(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 平井 豊博, 教授 宮本 享, 教授 福田 和彦 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM
5

Estudo da regeneração simpática pós simpaticotomia seletiva experimental (ramocotomia) / Study of sympathetic regeneration post experimental selective sympathicotomy (ramicotomy)

Oliveira, Humberto Alves de 06 March 2009 (has links)
Introdução: A simpatectomia torácica é o único tratamento, definitivo e eficaz, para a hiperidrose primária. A ramicotomia é um procedimento cirúrgico tão eficaz, mais conservador e com menos efeitos adversos que a simpatectomia convencional, contudo foi abandonada pela alta taxa de recidiva, atribuída, até então, à secção incompleta dos ramos comunicantes, ao desenvolvimento de outras vias de condução para o estímulo central e à regeneração neural. A avaliação histológica dos ramos comunicantes simpáticos após a ramicotomia, pode ajudar a entender o processo de recidiva dos sintomas da hiperidrose e, dessa forma contribuir para o desenvolvimento de estratégias para evitá-la. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS: 28 suínos foram submetidos à ramicotomia por videotoracospia e divididos randomicamente em 5 grupos, sacrificados com 15, 45, 90, 135 e 180 dias de pós-operatório (DPO). Os segmentos operados foram removidos cirurgicamente e submetidos à avaliação macroscópica da regeneração assim como análise histológica dos ramos comunicantes brancos e cinzentos para quantificação da reação inflamatória, deposição de fibras de colágeno grossas e finas, fibras reticulares e células de Schwann por imuno-histoquímica. Os dados foram comparados ao grupo controle, composto por segmentos intactos, não operados. RESULTADOS: Não houve regeneração macroscópica no grupo de 15 DPO sendo presente em 41,6% dos casos no grupo 180 DPO (p < 0,05). A reação inflamatória foi determinante no processo de degeneração Walleriana, com presença importante das células de Schwann nos ramos pré-ganglionares (p < 0,05), as células de Schwann apresentaram evolução semelhante nos dois ramos a partir do grupo de 45DPO, mantendo-se em menor número nos ramos cinzentos. As fibras de colágeno foram cruciais na cicatrização e as fibras reticulares importantes na regeneração neural, com correlação negativa entre elas (r = - 0,414; p < 0,01). A deposição de fibras de colágeno foi maior nos ramos cinzentos, apresentando pico de deposição no grupo 135 DPO e declínio importante no grupo 180 DPO (p < 0,05). CONCLUSÕES: A ramicotomia permite a secção completa de todos os ramos comunicantes do gânglio simpático. A taxa de regeneração histológica deve ser maior que a taxa de recidiva dos sintomas no humano, devido a regenerações não funcionais. O processo regenerativo é similar nos ramos brancos e cinzentos, com tendências menores para os últimos. A regeneração dos ramos comunicantes deve ser um dos principais fatores de recidiva da hiperidrose após a ramicotomia / INTRODUCTION: Thoracic sympathectomy is the only definitive and efficient treatment for primary hyperhidrosis. The ramicotomy is a surgical procedure that is as efficient as conventional sympathectomy but more conservative, having less adverse effects then conventional sympathectomy. This procedure was abandoned on account of the high recurrence rate, attributed to the incomplete section of the rami communicantes and to the development of new pathways of conduction to the central stimuli. MATHERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty-eight swine underwent bilateral videothoracoscopic ramicotomy and were randomly divided into 5 groups. The animals were sacrificed at 15, 45, 90, 135 and 180 days post-operative POD. The segments were removed and evaluated for macroscopic regeneration and histological analysis of the white and gray rami communicantes analyzing the inflammatory reaction, deposition of thin and thick collagen fibers, reticular fibers and Schwann cells. The data was compared to intact segments of sympathetic trunk as a positive control. RESULTS: There was neither macroscopic nor microscopic regeneration at the 15 POD group. The remaining groups had an average of 41,6% of regeneration, more significant at the 180 POD group (p<0.05). The inflammatory reaction was crucial in the process of Wallerian degeneration, with an important participation of the Schwann cells in the pre-ganglionic rami (p<0.05). The Schwann cells presented a similar evolution in both rami beginning at the 45 POD group, with a smaller count in the gray rami. The collagen fibers were significant in the cicatrization and the reticular fibers were important in neural regeneration, with a meaningful negative correlation between them (r = - 0,414; p < 0,01). The rate of deposition of the collagen fibers was greater in the white rami when compared to the gray rami in the first trimester and less important in the second trimester (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Ramicotomy allows complete section of all rami communicantes of the sympathetic ganglia. The histological regeneration might be greater than the recurrence rates of clinical symptoms as seen in the human being due to non-functional regenerations. The restoration process is similar in both white and gray rami, with smaller tendencies in the last one. The regeneration of the could be one of the main factors for recurrence of hyperhidrosis following ramicotomy
6

Videolaparoscopia topográfica de equinos em estação com três diferentes massas corpóreas / Topographic videolaparoscopy in standing equines of three different corporal masses

Nóbrega, Fernanda Silveira January 2010 (has links)
A laparoscopia de eqüinos em estação tem sido avaliada como uma alternativa diagnóstica e terapêutica, porém, a semelhança do que ocorreu na Medicina Humana e na rotina clínica de pequenos animais, sua utilização na espécie eqüina ainda carece de estudos que estabeleçam de forma mais definitiva as situações específicas onde seu uso possa ser recomendado. Para tal, o conhecimento da anatomia laparoscópica de animais hígidos é fundamental no aprendizado do cirurgião. O presente estudo teve por objetivo realizar uma detalhada descrição anatômica da cavidade abdominal de eqüinos posicionados em estação e distribuídos em três grupos conforme a massa corpórea, verificando possíveis limitações. Foram utilizados 21 eqüinos hígidos, sendo 7 fêmeas e 14 machos, submetidos a jejum alimentar de 18 a 24 horas. No grupo A foram incluídos animais com até 250 kg, enquanto no grupo B utilizaram-se animais entre 251 a 350 kg e no grupo C animais acima de 351 kg. Os animais foram sedados com a associação de detomidina e butorfanol e a dessensibilização cutânea e muscular realizada com infiltração local de lidocaína. A técnica cirúrgica realizada foi a laparoscopia com acesso pelas fossas paralombares esquerda e direita, utilizando a introdução vídeoassistida da cânula EndoTIP™, iniciando sempre pelo flanco esquerdo. Este primeiro acesso permitiu a observação do diafragma, estômago, lobo hepático esquerdo, baço, área renal, intestino delgado, cólon menor, bexiga, órgãos reprodutivos internos do macho (cordão espermático e epidídimo) e da fêmea (ovários e corno uterino) e reto. No acesso paralombar direito foram observados: diafragma, lobo hepático direito, área renal direita, cólon dorsal direito, duodeno, base do ceco, intestino delgado, cólon menor, bexiga, órgãos reprodutivos internos do macho (cordão espermático e epidídimo) e da fêmea (ovários e corno uterino) e reto. A principal complicação transoperatória encontrada foi à insuflação de gás no espaço retroperitoneal, que ocorreu em quatro animais. Não foram visibilizados o forame epiplóico e o pâncreas em nenhum dos animais do estudo. Além disso, as demais estruturas não visualizadas, independentemente do porte físico e do flanco examinado foram: o lobo esquerdo do fígado (2 animais), a porção direita do diafragma (14 animais), o reto (três animais) e a bexiga (um animal). O procedimento videolaparoscópico para estudo da anatomia abdominal de eqüinos adultos hígidos em estação é viável, não sendo observadas limitações decorrentes do tamanho do animal. / Laparoscopy on standing horses has been assessed as a diagnostic and therapeutic alternative. However, similarly as it has been in Human Medicine and in the clinical routine of small animals, its utilization in equines still needs further studies that could establish, with more conviction, specific situations where its use can be recommended. For the purpose, knowledge of laparoscopic anatomy in healthy animals is fundamental for the learning of the veterinary surgeon. The present study aimed at performing a detailed anatomic description of the abdominal cavity of equines in standing position. The animals were distributed into three groups according to the corporal mass, and the possible limitations were verified. Twenty-one healthy equines were used, 7 of which were females and 14 males, and which were submitted to a 18- to 24-hour fasting period. Animals weighing up to 250 kg were included in group A, whereas animals weighing between 251 to 350 kg were used in group B and animals weighing more than 351 kg in group C. The animals were sedated using an association of detomidine and butorphanol, and cutaneous and muscular desensitization was obtained with the local infiltration of lidocaine. Laparoscopy was the surgical technique performed, with access through the left and right paralumbar fossas using a video-assisted introduction of a EndoTIP™ cannula, always starting from the left flank. This first access allowed the observation of the diaphragm, stomach, left hepatic lobe, spleen, renal area, small intestine, small colon, urinary bladder, internal reproductive organs of the male (spermatic cord and epididymis) and rectum. During the right paralumbar access, the following structures were observed: diaphragm, right hepatic lobe, right renal area, right dorsal colon, duodenum, base of the cecum, small intestine, small colon, urinary bladder, internal reproductive organs of the male (spermatic cord and epididymis) and female (ovaries and uterine horns) and rectum. The main transoperative complication encountered was the insufflation of gas in the retroperitoneal space, which occurred in four animals. The epiploic foramen and pancreas were not observed in any of the animals used in the study. Additionally, these other structures were not observed, regardless of the physical size and flank examined: left hepatic lobe (2 animals), right portion of the diaphragm (14 animals), rectum (three animals) and urinary bladder (one animal). Therefore, the video-laparoscopic procedure for the study of the abdominal anatomy of healthy adult equines in standing position is feasible, and no limitations due to animal size have been observed.
7

Toracoscopia vídeo-assistida para crianças com derrame parapneumônico complicado : quando indicar?

Knebel, Rogério January 2012 (has links)
Objetivo: Avaliar a efetividade e o momento ideal da realização da toracoscopia vídeoassistida (TVA) para o tratamento de crianças com derrame pleural parapneumônico complicado (DPPC), bem como determinar se a drenagem torácica realizada como procedimento inicial pode influenciar os resultados da TVA. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo de 79 crianças (idade média de 35 meses) submetidas à TVA, entre janeiro de 2000 e dezembro de 2011. Os pacientes foram tratados com o mesmo algoritmo de tratamento e os procedimentos cirúrgicos foram realizados ou supervisionados pelo mesmo cirurgião. As crianças foram divididas em dois grupos de acordo com o intervalo de quatro dias entre o diagnóstico do DPPC e a cirurgia. Resultados: Pacientes operados até o 4º dia após o diagnóstico do DPPC apresentaram menor tempo de internação (p=0,008), de uso de antibióticos (p=0,023) e de uso de dreno torácico (p=0,019), além de serem submetidos a menor número de procedimentos cirúrgicos (p<0,001). A drenagem pleural prévia retardou a realização da TVA em três dias, com consequente aumento no tempo de internação (p=0,050), no tempo de permanência do dreno torácico (p<0,001) e no tempo cirúrgico da TVA (p<0,001). TVA foi eficaz em 73 crianças (92,4%). Nem o intervalo entre o diagnóstico e a cirurgia, nem a drenagem pleural prévia, influenciaram a taxa de insucesso da TVA. Conclusões: TVA é um procedimento altamente efetivo em crianças com DPPC. TVA realizada até quatro dias após o diagnóstico do DPPC está associada à redução nos tempos de internação, de permanência do dreno torácico e do uso de antibióticos, além de diminuição no número de intervenções invasivas. / thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) in the treatment of children with complicated parapneumonic pleural effusion (CPPE) and to determine whether the use of initial chest tube drainage (CTD) may influence VATS outcome. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed medical records of 79 children (mean age, 35 months) undergoing VATS from January 2000 to December 2011. The same treatment algorithm was used in the management of all patients, and all surgical procedures were performed or supervised by the same surgeon. The children were divided into two groups according to a 4-day interval between CPPE diagnosis and surgery. Results: Patients undergoing VATS within 4 days of CPPE diagnosis had a shorter hospital stay (p=0.008), fewer number of antibiotics administered (p=0.023), and decreased time with a chest tube (p=0.019), in addition to undergoing fewer number of surgical procedures (p<0.001). Initial CTD resulted in a delay of 3 days in performing VATS, leading to longer hospital stay (p=0.050), increased time with a chest tube (p<0.001), and longer VATS operating time (p<0.001). VATS was effective in 73 children (92.4%). The interval from diagnosis to surgery and initial CTD had no influence on VATS failure rate. Conclusions: VATS is a highly effective procedure for treating children with CPPE. VATS performed within 4 days of CPPE diagnosis is associated with shorter hospital stay, decreased time with a chest tube, fewer antibiotics administered, and fewer invasive interventions.
8

Videolaparoscopia topográfica de equinos em estação com três diferentes massas corpóreas / Topographic videolaparoscopy in standing equines of three different corporal masses

Nóbrega, Fernanda Silveira January 2010 (has links)
A laparoscopia de eqüinos em estação tem sido avaliada como uma alternativa diagnóstica e terapêutica, porém, a semelhança do que ocorreu na Medicina Humana e na rotina clínica de pequenos animais, sua utilização na espécie eqüina ainda carece de estudos que estabeleçam de forma mais definitiva as situações específicas onde seu uso possa ser recomendado. Para tal, o conhecimento da anatomia laparoscópica de animais hígidos é fundamental no aprendizado do cirurgião. O presente estudo teve por objetivo realizar uma detalhada descrição anatômica da cavidade abdominal de eqüinos posicionados em estação e distribuídos em três grupos conforme a massa corpórea, verificando possíveis limitações. Foram utilizados 21 eqüinos hígidos, sendo 7 fêmeas e 14 machos, submetidos a jejum alimentar de 18 a 24 horas. No grupo A foram incluídos animais com até 250 kg, enquanto no grupo B utilizaram-se animais entre 251 a 350 kg e no grupo C animais acima de 351 kg. Os animais foram sedados com a associação de detomidina e butorfanol e a dessensibilização cutânea e muscular realizada com infiltração local de lidocaína. A técnica cirúrgica realizada foi a laparoscopia com acesso pelas fossas paralombares esquerda e direita, utilizando a introdução vídeoassistida da cânula EndoTIP™, iniciando sempre pelo flanco esquerdo. Este primeiro acesso permitiu a observação do diafragma, estômago, lobo hepático esquerdo, baço, área renal, intestino delgado, cólon menor, bexiga, órgãos reprodutivos internos do macho (cordão espermático e epidídimo) e da fêmea (ovários e corno uterino) e reto. No acesso paralombar direito foram observados: diafragma, lobo hepático direito, área renal direita, cólon dorsal direito, duodeno, base do ceco, intestino delgado, cólon menor, bexiga, órgãos reprodutivos internos do macho (cordão espermático e epidídimo) e da fêmea (ovários e corno uterino) e reto. A principal complicação transoperatória encontrada foi à insuflação de gás no espaço retroperitoneal, que ocorreu em quatro animais. Não foram visibilizados o forame epiplóico e o pâncreas em nenhum dos animais do estudo. Além disso, as demais estruturas não visualizadas, independentemente do porte físico e do flanco examinado foram: o lobo esquerdo do fígado (2 animais), a porção direita do diafragma (14 animais), o reto (três animais) e a bexiga (um animal). O procedimento videolaparoscópico para estudo da anatomia abdominal de eqüinos adultos hígidos em estação é viável, não sendo observadas limitações decorrentes do tamanho do animal. / Laparoscopy on standing horses has been assessed as a diagnostic and therapeutic alternative. However, similarly as it has been in Human Medicine and in the clinical routine of small animals, its utilization in equines still needs further studies that could establish, with more conviction, specific situations where its use can be recommended. For the purpose, knowledge of laparoscopic anatomy in healthy animals is fundamental for the learning of the veterinary surgeon. The present study aimed at performing a detailed anatomic description of the abdominal cavity of equines in standing position. The animals were distributed into three groups according to the corporal mass, and the possible limitations were verified. Twenty-one healthy equines were used, 7 of which were females and 14 males, and which were submitted to a 18- to 24-hour fasting period. Animals weighing up to 250 kg were included in group A, whereas animals weighing between 251 to 350 kg were used in group B and animals weighing more than 351 kg in group C. The animals were sedated using an association of detomidine and butorphanol, and cutaneous and muscular desensitization was obtained with the local infiltration of lidocaine. Laparoscopy was the surgical technique performed, with access through the left and right paralumbar fossas using a video-assisted introduction of a EndoTIP™ cannula, always starting from the left flank. This first access allowed the observation of the diaphragm, stomach, left hepatic lobe, spleen, renal area, small intestine, small colon, urinary bladder, internal reproductive organs of the male (spermatic cord and epididymis) and rectum. During the right paralumbar access, the following structures were observed: diaphragm, right hepatic lobe, right renal area, right dorsal colon, duodenum, base of the cecum, small intestine, small colon, urinary bladder, internal reproductive organs of the male (spermatic cord and epididymis) and female (ovaries and uterine horns) and rectum. The main transoperative complication encountered was the insufflation of gas in the retroperitoneal space, which occurred in four animals. The epiploic foramen and pancreas were not observed in any of the animals used in the study. Additionally, these other structures were not observed, regardless of the physical size and flank examined: left hepatic lobe (2 animals), right portion of the diaphragm (14 animals), rectum (three animals) and urinary bladder (one animal). Therefore, the video-laparoscopic procedure for the study of the abdominal anatomy of healthy adult equines in standing position is feasible, and no limitations due to animal size have been observed.
9

Videolaparoscopia topográfica de equinos em estação com três diferentes massas corpóreas / Topographic videolaparoscopy in standing equines of three different corporal masses

Nóbrega, Fernanda Silveira January 2010 (has links)
A laparoscopia de eqüinos em estação tem sido avaliada como uma alternativa diagnóstica e terapêutica, porém, a semelhança do que ocorreu na Medicina Humana e na rotina clínica de pequenos animais, sua utilização na espécie eqüina ainda carece de estudos que estabeleçam de forma mais definitiva as situações específicas onde seu uso possa ser recomendado. Para tal, o conhecimento da anatomia laparoscópica de animais hígidos é fundamental no aprendizado do cirurgião. O presente estudo teve por objetivo realizar uma detalhada descrição anatômica da cavidade abdominal de eqüinos posicionados em estação e distribuídos em três grupos conforme a massa corpórea, verificando possíveis limitações. Foram utilizados 21 eqüinos hígidos, sendo 7 fêmeas e 14 machos, submetidos a jejum alimentar de 18 a 24 horas. No grupo A foram incluídos animais com até 250 kg, enquanto no grupo B utilizaram-se animais entre 251 a 350 kg e no grupo C animais acima de 351 kg. Os animais foram sedados com a associação de detomidina e butorfanol e a dessensibilização cutânea e muscular realizada com infiltração local de lidocaína. A técnica cirúrgica realizada foi a laparoscopia com acesso pelas fossas paralombares esquerda e direita, utilizando a introdução vídeoassistida da cânula EndoTIP™, iniciando sempre pelo flanco esquerdo. Este primeiro acesso permitiu a observação do diafragma, estômago, lobo hepático esquerdo, baço, área renal, intestino delgado, cólon menor, bexiga, órgãos reprodutivos internos do macho (cordão espermático e epidídimo) e da fêmea (ovários e corno uterino) e reto. No acesso paralombar direito foram observados: diafragma, lobo hepático direito, área renal direita, cólon dorsal direito, duodeno, base do ceco, intestino delgado, cólon menor, bexiga, órgãos reprodutivos internos do macho (cordão espermático e epidídimo) e da fêmea (ovários e corno uterino) e reto. A principal complicação transoperatória encontrada foi à insuflação de gás no espaço retroperitoneal, que ocorreu em quatro animais. Não foram visibilizados o forame epiplóico e o pâncreas em nenhum dos animais do estudo. Além disso, as demais estruturas não visualizadas, independentemente do porte físico e do flanco examinado foram: o lobo esquerdo do fígado (2 animais), a porção direita do diafragma (14 animais), o reto (três animais) e a bexiga (um animal). O procedimento videolaparoscópico para estudo da anatomia abdominal de eqüinos adultos hígidos em estação é viável, não sendo observadas limitações decorrentes do tamanho do animal. / Laparoscopy on standing horses has been assessed as a diagnostic and therapeutic alternative. However, similarly as it has been in Human Medicine and in the clinical routine of small animals, its utilization in equines still needs further studies that could establish, with more conviction, specific situations where its use can be recommended. For the purpose, knowledge of laparoscopic anatomy in healthy animals is fundamental for the learning of the veterinary surgeon. The present study aimed at performing a detailed anatomic description of the abdominal cavity of equines in standing position. The animals were distributed into three groups according to the corporal mass, and the possible limitations were verified. Twenty-one healthy equines were used, 7 of which were females and 14 males, and which were submitted to a 18- to 24-hour fasting period. Animals weighing up to 250 kg were included in group A, whereas animals weighing between 251 to 350 kg were used in group B and animals weighing more than 351 kg in group C. The animals were sedated using an association of detomidine and butorphanol, and cutaneous and muscular desensitization was obtained with the local infiltration of lidocaine. Laparoscopy was the surgical technique performed, with access through the left and right paralumbar fossas using a video-assisted introduction of a EndoTIP™ cannula, always starting from the left flank. This first access allowed the observation of the diaphragm, stomach, left hepatic lobe, spleen, renal area, small intestine, small colon, urinary bladder, internal reproductive organs of the male (spermatic cord and epididymis) and rectum. During the right paralumbar access, the following structures were observed: diaphragm, right hepatic lobe, right renal area, right dorsal colon, duodenum, base of the cecum, small intestine, small colon, urinary bladder, internal reproductive organs of the male (spermatic cord and epididymis) and female (ovaries and uterine horns) and rectum. The main transoperative complication encountered was the insufflation of gas in the retroperitoneal space, which occurred in four animals. The epiploic foramen and pancreas were not observed in any of the animals used in the study. Additionally, these other structures were not observed, regardless of the physical size and flank examined: left hepatic lobe (2 animals), right portion of the diaphragm (14 animals), rectum (three animals) and urinary bladder (one animal). Therefore, the video-laparoscopic procedure for the study of the abdominal anatomy of healthy adult equines in standing position is feasible, and no limitations due to animal size have been observed.
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Toracoscopia vídeo-assistida para crianças com derrame parapneumônico complicado : quando indicar?

Knebel, Rogério January 2012 (has links)
Objetivo: Avaliar a efetividade e o momento ideal da realização da toracoscopia vídeoassistida (TVA) para o tratamento de crianças com derrame pleural parapneumônico complicado (DPPC), bem como determinar se a drenagem torácica realizada como procedimento inicial pode influenciar os resultados da TVA. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo de 79 crianças (idade média de 35 meses) submetidas à TVA, entre janeiro de 2000 e dezembro de 2011. Os pacientes foram tratados com o mesmo algoritmo de tratamento e os procedimentos cirúrgicos foram realizados ou supervisionados pelo mesmo cirurgião. As crianças foram divididas em dois grupos de acordo com o intervalo de quatro dias entre o diagnóstico do DPPC e a cirurgia. Resultados: Pacientes operados até o 4º dia após o diagnóstico do DPPC apresentaram menor tempo de internação (p=0,008), de uso de antibióticos (p=0,023) e de uso de dreno torácico (p=0,019), além de serem submetidos a menor número de procedimentos cirúrgicos (p<0,001). A drenagem pleural prévia retardou a realização da TVA em três dias, com consequente aumento no tempo de internação (p=0,050), no tempo de permanência do dreno torácico (p<0,001) e no tempo cirúrgico da TVA (p<0,001). TVA foi eficaz em 73 crianças (92,4%). Nem o intervalo entre o diagnóstico e a cirurgia, nem a drenagem pleural prévia, influenciaram a taxa de insucesso da TVA. Conclusões: TVA é um procedimento altamente efetivo em crianças com DPPC. TVA realizada até quatro dias após o diagnóstico do DPPC está associada à redução nos tempos de internação, de permanência do dreno torácico e do uso de antibióticos, além de diminuição no número de intervenções invasivas. / thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) in the treatment of children with complicated parapneumonic pleural effusion (CPPE) and to determine whether the use of initial chest tube drainage (CTD) may influence VATS outcome. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed medical records of 79 children (mean age, 35 months) undergoing VATS from January 2000 to December 2011. The same treatment algorithm was used in the management of all patients, and all surgical procedures were performed or supervised by the same surgeon. The children were divided into two groups according to a 4-day interval between CPPE diagnosis and surgery. Results: Patients undergoing VATS within 4 days of CPPE diagnosis had a shorter hospital stay (p=0.008), fewer number of antibiotics administered (p=0.023), and decreased time with a chest tube (p=0.019), in addition to undergoing fewer number of surgical procedures (p<0.001). Initial CTD resulted in a delay of 3 days in performing VATS, leading to longer hospital stay (p=0.050), increased time with a chest tube (p<0.001), and longer VATS operating time (p<0.001). VATS was effective in 73 children (92.4%). The interval from diagnosis to surgery and initial CTD had no influence on VATS failure rate. Conclusions: VATS is a highly effective procedure for treating children with CPPE. VATS performed within 4 days of CPPE diagnosis is associated with shorter hospital stay, decreased time with a chest tube, fewer antibiotics administered, and fewer invasive interventions.

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