Scale 1 inch = 6 leagues. Library of Congress facsimile No. 1a, which is based on the sixth out of ten issues (known as "states"). The original map was published in 1612, and the revisions comprising the sixth state are from 1624. The map includes ca. 200 names including Native American tribes, and is considered the first authoritative map of Virginia. / https://dc.etsu.edu/rare-maps/1122/thumbnail.jpg

Indicates state lines, county lines, and county seats. Eight original shires, established 1634, tinted yellow. Independent cities (not administered by a county government), with dates of incorporation as cities, tinted blue, with the exception of Hampton and Newport News which cover areas of Original Shires, Warwich (River) and Elizabeth City couties, now extinct. County origins taken from charts and county abstracts in first edition of "A Hornbook of Virginia History" (1949, Division of History of the Virginia Department of Conservation and Development, Richmond); the recent consolidation of areas to form new cities taken from 1965 edition of the Hornbook (publ. by the State Library, Richmond, under direction of Randolph W. Church, Virginia State Librarian). Drawn May 1968 by Katherine W. Ewing, Nashville, Tennessee. No scale provided. / https://dc.etsu.edu/rare-maps/1135/thumbnail.jpg

Counties and cities in Virginia exhibit distinct regional patterns of growth. While some regions are amongst the fastest growing of any in the nation, other regions have experienced slow or even negative rates of growth in recent decades. To better understand growth in Virginia in recent decades, this thesis presents and estimates an empirical model that will help determine which factors have had the greatest influence on the various components of growth. These components include migration, natural increase (births minus deaths) and employment growth. The results suggest that overall growth was most positively associated with areas of diffuse but high population, as found in many peri-urban localities. Results also indicate that high property taxes have had a strong negative influence upon growth in recent decades. For policy makers and planners in rapidly growing regions, these results indicate that development ordinances that restrict growth to more densely populated areas could effectively slow rates of rapid growth. For slow growth regions, these results indicate that maintenance of low living costs to attract migrants and a diversified employment base may be an effective means to stimulate growth. / Master of Science

Dunmore’s War was the last colonial war in America before the Revolution. This conflict was the culmination of nearly thirty years of intrigue and violence in the so-called “Western Waters” of the trans-Allegheny region of Virginia, which included the valleys of the Ohio River and its lower tributary system. This thesis traces the origins of the war, and suggests that, among other things, the provisions in the Royal Proclamation of 1763 for the westward extension of the Indian boundary line and soldier settlement contributed mightily to the instigation of the war between Virginia and the Shawnees. Indeed, Virginia’s former provincial soldiers took advantage of the waning authority of the royal government in the west to secure their bounty lands, at the expense of the Shawnees and their allies in the Ohio Valley. Matters reached a climax during the curious administration of Virginia’s last colonial governor, Lord Dunmore. Dunmore, who harbored his own western land ambitions, allied himself with the soldiers and land speculators, and instituted policies aimed at extending Virginia’s jurisdiction over the Ohio Valley and Kentucky against the directives of his superiors in London. Accordingly, the thesis examines the royal governor’s motivations, policies, and conduct in the events leading up to the conflict. Finally, the thesis contributes a fresh, complete narrative of the war itself, which has been lacking for some time in the field of Virginia History. / Master of Arts

During the nineteenth century, Americans began to develop a new relationship with death. Urbanites were less confronted with the constant presence of the dead and dying than they had in the past. A new trend in cemeteries also developed as a result. The Rural Cemetery Movement promoted the idea that the dead should be buried amongst a natural setting that was pleasing and calming to visitors. The first few initial cemeteries were an immediate success, but this was not the case in Richmond, Virginia. Although the developers had grand ideas about their cemetery project, Richmonders opposed the cemetery in the first several years. They feared that the cemetery would stunt the growth of the city or even harm the health of the city’s citizens. Over time, however, Richmonders began to accept the cemetery and with this they formed a new understanding of nature that was pleasing and allowed Americans to value natural settings.

The mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions and enhanced recovery of coalbed methane are benefits to sequestering carbon dioxide in coal seams. This is possible because of the affinity of coal to preferentially adsorb carbon dioxide over methane. Coalbed methane is the most significant natural gas reserve in central Appalachia and currently is economically produced in many fields in the Basin. This thesis documents research that assesses the capacity of coal seams in the Central Appalachian Basin to store carbon dioxide and verifies the assessment through a field validation test. This research allowed for the first detailed assessment of the capacity for coal seams in the Central Appalachian Basin to store carbon dioxide and enhance coalbed methane recovery. This assessment indicates that more than 1.3 billion tons of carbon dioxide can be sequestered, while increasing coalbed methane reserves by as much as 2.5 trillion cubic feet. As many of the coalbed methane fields are approaching maturity, carbon sequestration and enhanced coalbed methane recovery has the potential to add significant recoverable reserves and extend the life of these fields. As part of this research, one thousand tons of carbon dioxide was successfully injected into a coalbed methane well in Russell County, Virginia as the first carbon dioxide injection test in the Appalachian coalfields. Research from the field validation test identified important injection parameters and vital monitoring technologies that will be applicable to commercial-scale deployment. Results from the injection test and subsequently returning the well to production, confirm that fractured coal seams have the potential to sequester carbon dioxide and increase methane production. It was demonstrated through the use of perfluorocarbon tracers that there is a connection through the coal matrix between the injection well and surrounding producing gas wells. This connection is a cause for concern because it is a path for the carbon dioxide to migrate to the producing wells. The thesis concludes by presenting options for mitigating carbon dioxide breakthrough in commercial-scale injection projects. / Ph. D.

Despite the long history of stocking trout and the popularity of stocked-trout fishing in Virginia, no study has investigated the use of the program nor attempted to describe anglers actively seeking stocked trout. Agencies have stocked trout in Virginia since the 1920s and today, Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries (VDGIF) stocks the majority of the fish in the state, stocking over 1 million catchable-sized trout on over 180 waters. Given the expansive effort of VDGIF and the popularity of the program, VDGIF desired to understand how anglers utilize their program and who actively fishes for stocked trout. My objectives were 1) to assess catch, harvest, effort, and return-to-creel rates of stocked trout on various fishery and water body types, across seasons and number of days post-stocking in stocked waters in western Virginia, 2) to identify market segments of anglers seeking stocked trout based upon their demographic characteristics, motivations, and degree of specialization, 3) to compare satisfaction and management preferences of the market segments of anglers seeking stocked trout in Virginia and 4) to recommend stocking and management strategies that best meet the desires of stocked-trout anglers in Virginia and that produce managerially desired catch rates to the Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries. I conducted on-site surveys on 17 stocked-trout waters across Virginia. Most anglers reported high levels of satisfaction with their fishing experience that day and with the program in the last 12 months. The majority of anglers caught something that day. Anglers had diverse fishing and management preferences. Stocking density did not affect catch rate on lakes nor streams. Time following a stocking event did influence catch rate and effort; anglers caught fish the quickest on the day of stocking, but catch rate remained near 1 trout per angler-hr and did not significantly differ from the day after stocking to 30 days after stocking. Catch rate positively correlated with angler satisfaction, yet the majority of the anglers were highly satisfied, even if they did not catch any fish. We identified four groups of anglers: casual anglers, consumptive-experienced anglers, avid anglers, and specialists. Social investment, experience, and fishery resource use varied among the four groups. The four groups also had differing motivations for fishing, fishing preferences, management preferences, and levels of satisfaction. Multinomial logistic regressions showed that specialization, age, catch rate, importance an angler places on catching something, and waterbody type contributed to the best model for predicting angler satisfaction. Anglers on streams typically expressed greater satisfaction than anglers on lakes. Angler satisfaction negatively correlated with the importance an angler placed on catching something. / Master of Science

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