No description available.

A realidade virtual (RV) tem como principal área de aplicação o entretenimento. Porém, nos últimos anos, devido ao desenvolvimento acelerado do hardware de computadores, a RV se tornou mais acessível, sendo amplamente utilizada, também, nas áreas acadêmica e industrial. Uma parte da RV que, a cada dia, se torna mais importante para as áreas da engenharia é a prototipação virtual (PV). Normalmente, a prototipação física de um produto pode ser dispendiosa e inviável para determinados projetos. Nesses casos, a PV pode ser utilizada para evitar gastos desnecessários, alcançando resultados satisfatórios. Neste trabalho são descritos os passos referentes à implementação de um protótipo virtual, baseado no anteprojeto em desenvolvimento do projeto de pesquisa do Laboratório de Simulação e Controle de Sistemas Discretos do SEM-EESC, com auxílio pesquisa FAPESP processo: 2003/06582-0 \"Veículo agrícola autônomo (VAA): uma plataforma para desenvolvimento de tecnologias de navegação autônoma e para aquisição de dados em agricultura de precisão\". Além da descrição da implementação do protótipo virtual, neste trabalho são analisadas cinco ferramentas de desenvolvimento virtual disponíveis para testes no laboratório de simulação: 3Dcanvas Freeware, WorldUp, EON Studio 4.0, WEBOTS e EON Professional. Os critérios de avaliação das ferramentas foram baseados nas necessidades principais do projeto em questão, como implementação de centros de massa distribuídos, criação de terrenos não-estruturados (constituídos por morros, buracos etc.), controles de tração, torque, além de outras características físicas essenciais. A fase inicial da implementação foi desenvolvida em EON Studio 4.0. Devido à falta de recursos disponíveis nessa ferramenta, a fase final da implementação foi desenvolvida no software EON Professional. A análise do comportamento da plataforma em terrenos não-estruturados, a verificação dos ângulos de inclinação suportados e a análise da reconfiguração das laterais da plataforma são alguns dos resultados obtidos. / Virtual reality (VR) has entertainment as its main area of application. However, over the last few years, due to a fast-paced development of computers hardware, VR has become more accessible, being widely used both in the academic and industrial areas. A part of VR that is becoming more important for the engineering areas is virtual protoyping (VP). Normally, the physical prototyping of a product can be expensive and impracticable for some projects. In such cases, VP can be used to prevent unnecessary operating costs, reaching satisfactory results. In this paper, the steps of the implementation of a virtual prototype are described, based on the first draft in development of the research project of the Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Discrete Systems of SEM-EESC, with FAPESP support process: 2003/06582-0 \"Autonomous agricultural vehicle (AAV): a platform for development of technologies for independent navigation and for data acquisition in precision agriculture\". Besides the description of the virtual prototype implementation, in this paper five tools for virtual development, available for tests in the laboratory of simulation, are analyzed: 3Dcanvas Freeware, WorldUp, EON Studio 4.0, WEBOTS and EON Professional. The criteria of evaluation of the tools were based on the main necessities of the project, such as the implementation of distributed centers of mass, not-structuralized land creation (made up of hills, holes etc.), traction controls,torque, besides other essential physical characteristics. The initial stage of the implementation was developed at EON Studio 4.0. Due to the lack of available resources in this tool, the final stage of the implementation was developed in EON Professional software. The behavior analysis of the platform at non-structuralized lands, the verification of the supported inclination angles and the analysis of the platform laterals reconfiguration are some of the achieved results.

A realidade virtual (RV) tem como principal área de aplicação o entretenimento. Porém, nos últimos anos, devido ao desenvolvimento acelerado do hardware de computadores, a RV se tornou mais acessível, sendo amplamente utilizada, também, nas áreas acadêmica e industrial. Uma parte da RV que, a cada dia, se torna mais importante para as áreas da engenharia é a prototipação virtual (PV). Normalmente, a prototipação física de um produto pode ser dispendiosa e inviável para determinados projetos. Nesses casos, a PV pode ser utilizada para evitar gastos desnecessários, alcançando resultados satisfatórios. Neste trabalho são descritos os passos referentes à implementação de um protótipo virtual, baseado no anteprojeto em desenvolvimento do projeto de pesquisa do Laboratório de Simulação e Controle de Sistemas Discretos do SEM-EESC, com auxílio pesquisa FAPESP processo: 2003/06582-0 \"Veículo agrícola autônomo (VAA): uma plataforma para desenvolvimento de tecnologias de navegação autônoma e para aquisição de dados em agricultura de precisão\". Além da descrição da implementação do protótipo virtual, neste trabalho são analisadas cinco ferramentas de desenvolvimento virtual disponíveis para testes no laboratório de simulação: 3Dcanvas Freeware, WorldUp, EON Studio 4.0, WEBOTS e EON Professional. Os critérios de avaliação das ferramentas foram baseados nas necessidades principais do projeto em questão, como implementação de centros de massa distribuídos, criação de terrenos não-estruturados (constituídos por morros, buracos etc.), controles de tração, torque, além de outras características físicas essenciais. A fase inicial da implementação foi desenvolvida em EON Studio 4.0. Devido à falta de recursos disponíveis nessa ferramenta, a fase final da implementação foi desenvolvida no software EON Professional. A análise do comportamento da plataforma em terrenos não-estruturados, a verificação dos ângulos de inclinação suportados e a análise da reconfiguração das laterais da plataforma são alguns dos resultados obtidos. / Virtual reality (VR) has entertainment as its main area of application. However, over the last few years, due to a fast-paced development of computers hardware, VR has become more accessible, being widely used both in the academic and industrial areas. A part of VR that is becoming more important for the engineering areas is virtual protoyping (VP). Normally, the physical prototyping of a product can be expensive and impracticable for some projects. In such cases, VP can be used to prevent unnecessary operating costs, reaching satisfactory results. In this paper, the steps of the implementation of a virtual prototype are described, based on the first draft in development of the research project of the Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Discrete Systems of SEM-EESC, with FAPESP support process: 2003/06582-0 \"Autonomous agricultural vehicle (AAV): a platform for development of technologies for independent navigation and for data acquisition in precision agriculture\". Besides the description of the virtual prototype implementation, in this paper five tools for virtual development, available for tests in the laboratory of simulation, are analyzed: 3Dcanvas Freeware, WorldUp, EON Studio 4.0, WEBOTS and EON Professional. The criteria of evaluation of the tools were based on the main necessities of the project, such as the implementation of distributed centers of mass, not-structuralized land creation (made up of hills, holes etc.), traction controls,torque, besides other essential physical characteristics. The initial stage of the implementation was developed at EON Studio 4.0. Due to the lack of available resources in this tool, the final stage of the implementation was developed in EON Professional software. The behavior analysis of the platform at non-structuralized lands, the verification of the supported inclination angles and the analysis of the platform laterals reconfiguration are some of the achieved results.

No description available.

RÉSUMÉ « De nos jours, notent Samoff et Carrol, la Banque mondiale doit être considérée à la fois comme une banque, une agence de développement et un institut de recherche » (2004, p9). L’institution de Bretton Woods est en effet devenue notamment dans le cadre du développement des PED, à la fois une banque de prêt et une institution de savoir ; « le laboratoire d’idées sur le développement le plus important au monde », précisent Wilks et Lefrançois (2002). Cependant, si elle reste un partenaire idéologique et financier pour le développement de ces pays, la Banque mondiale est aussi en même temps dans le paysage des relations économiques internationales contemporaines une véritable superpuissance, une figure importante de la dominance mondiale d’aujourd’hui. Les programmes de développement qu’elle professe et met en œuvre dans les PED y sont de ce fait également les discours et pratiques de développement dominants. Mais le discours de développement de la Banque mondiale dans les PED, outre qu’il y soit le savoir dominant du développement, se veut aussi par ailleurs un discours d’érudition : un corps de connaissances savant de développement, qui dans sa formulation comme dans son contenu revendique l’appartenance à une certaine rationalité, vise à une certaine « scientificité ». Partant, la question autour de laquelle s’organise la présente thèse et qui est au cœur de sa problématique est la suivante : le programme de développement que la Banque mondiale destine aux PED dans sa dimension discursive en particulier, est-il pour autant rationnel et raisonnable ? En d’autres termes : de quel crédit scientifique et moral peut jouir ce programme; de quelle cohérence, de quel réalisme, et de quelle adéquation sociale, peut se prévaloir un tel système de pensées et d’actions de développement ? Mais interroger les bien-fondés épistémologiques de son programme de développement dans les PED revient aussi au plans politique et social à questionner cette position de dominance qu’occupe la Banque mondiale dans ces pays. Aussi notre questionnement général s’enchaîne-t-il comme suit: ce pouvoir d’autorité de la Banque mondiale dans les PED, tire t-il sa légitimité d’un fondement rationnel convaincant, capable de résister à la critique, ou plutôt, s’enracine t-il dans une confusion idéologique sciemment instaurée et entretenue ou comme dit Rist, dans le « pouvoir de celui qui parvient à l’imposer» ? / ABSTRACT « Our days, Samoff and Carrol note, the World Bank must be considered at the same time as a bank, an agency of development and an institute of research” (2004, p9). The institution of Bretton Woods indeed became in particular within the framework of the development of the Developing Countries, at the same time “ a bank of loan” and a “bank of knowing”. « The laboratory of ideas on the most significant development in the world”, Wilks and Lefrançois (2002) specify. Ideological and financial partner for the development of the Developing Countries, the World Bank is in addition also, an important figure of world predominance today; in the landscape of the contemporary international economic relations, a true super power. And so the programs of development which it professes and implements in the Developing Countries, are there also the speeches and practical development dominant. But this speech of development of the World Bank in the Developing Countries, in addition to it is the dominant ideology of the development there, wants to be an erudite speech also: a body of knowledge of development of scholarship, which in its formulation as in its contents, asserts the membership of a certain rationality, aims at a certain “scientificity”. Therefore, the question which organizes the present thesis is as follows: is the program of development which the World Bank intends for the Developing Countries, for as much rational and reasonable? In other words: which scientific and moral credit this program can enjoy; of which coherence, of which realism, and which social adequacy, can be prevailed such a system of thoughts and actions of development? But to question the epistemological cogency of the PDBM in the Developing Countries, also amounts questioning this position of predominance which the World Bank in these countries occupies. Also we also wonder: this capacity of authority of the World Bank in the Developing Countries, does it draw its legitimacy from a rational base? Can it in this direction resist a critical examination who wants to be rational? The feeling which animates us here and which is also the general assumption that this work of thesis tries to validate, is that with good of regards the PDBM enracine rather in a knowingly founded and maintained ideological confusion, that in a rational step convincing, able to resist criticism. Here as in other similar registers, it could be well that indeed, like Gilbert Rist writes it, “the truth or orthodoxy hardly depends on the contents of the speech but rather of the capacity of that which manages to impose it.” (2003)

No description available.

Steigende Anforderungen an die Leistungsfähigkeit und Effizienz von Triebwerken lassen sich durch den Einsatz von Metall-Faserverbund-Bauweisen erfüllen. Faser-Kunststoff-Verbunde (FKV) mit ihren herausragenden und einstellbaren mechanischen Eigenschaften bieten das Potential, die Masse strukturell hochbelasteter Komponenten zu reduzieren. Durch die richtungsabhängigen Eigenschaften kann der FKV zielgerichtet für die Anwendung angepasst werden. Die Vielzahl der einstellbaren Parameter in Kombination mit der Entwicklung von komplexen Triebwerkstrukturen führt zu einem interaktiven und interagierenden Entwicklungsprozess. Im Rahmen dieses Beitrages wird ein Ansatz zur kombiniert virtuell-reellen Entwicklung eines Triebwerk-Subsystems am Beispiel des Zwischengehäuses vorgestellt. Ein systematischer Prozess in Kombination mit virtuellen Methoden ermöglicht die effiziente Erarbeitung und modellhafte Abbildung des Gesamtsystems, bestehend aus relevanten Triebwerkselementen (System), dem darin integrierten Zwischengehäuse (Subsystem) und lastübertragenden Faserverbund-Leitschaufeln (Komponente). Durch Detaillierung im Entwicklungsprozess steigt kontinuierlich die Aussagegenauigkeit, wobei gleichzeitig auch der Aufwand erheblich zunimmt. Ein experimenteller Funktions- und Festigkeitsnachweis der Leitschaufel kann zur Reduktion des Entwicklungsrisikos beitragen. Die dafür benötigten Funktionsmuster lassen sich in einem kombinierten Verfahren, bestehend aus Additiver Fertigung und Resin Transfer Moulding, herstellen, wobei der 3D-Druck die Anpassung der realen Funktionsmuster an die Geometrie- und Werkstoffmodifikationen im Rahmen der virtuellen Entwicklung ermöglicht.