Summary: Movement disorders are caused by impairment of the basal ganglia and extrapyramidal connections. The most common is Parkinson's disease (PD), characterised by hypokinesia together with resting tremor and / or rigidity, which may be influenced by dopaminergic therapy or invasive methods, including deep brain stimulation (DBS). Gait and balance disorders are part of the Parkinson's syndrome, progress during the disease course and limit daily activities, quality of life, may lead to falls and contribute to higher mortality of the patients in the late stages. Therapy is difficult. Gait disorders and parkinsonism may occur also in other diseases, including intoxications which may also lead to basal ganglia impairment. The theoretical part include the physiology of gait, gait disorders and examination. The section devoted to movement disorders focuses on Parkinson's disease and methanol intoxication. The practical part consists of 3 studies evaluating gait disorder in patients with advanced PD and possibilities of the treatment, the 4th study documents gait disorder in survivors after mass methanol poisoning with outbreak between 2012 and 2014 in the Czech Republic. The result confirm the effect of DBS in step length prolongation and gait speed increment in patients with PD. Compensation strategies using...

Video-based physical training has gained popularity over the years, among both sports practitioners and HCI researchers, whose works ranged from offering computer-assisted solutions for self-correction, to enhancing the learning experience of trainees. This thesis focused on the latter, by investigating the communicative potential of three categories of visual coaching cues and their impact on movement learning, as well as by deriving methodological considerations for similar works. This thesis adopted a Research through Design approach to investigate, from a trainee-centred perspective, three sets of cues: A) abstract visual metaphors (arrows, lines, angles); B) body highlights; and C) material visual metaphors (imagined 3D objects). The cues were informed by a professional trainer’s insights and relevant literature, and were tested with ten participants throughout the course of three sessions. Their reflections were gathered through interviews. The subsequent thematic analysis generated 1) insights on the individual cues (such as their role as reminders, their impact on imagery, and the movement qualities they were able to portray), and 2) design and methodological considerations for future works (such as the importance of involving a professional trainer, clearly defining the learning outcomes of a video session, and choosing the appropriate visual cues).

Parkinsons sjukdom drabbar 15 av 10 000 personer. Sjukdomen kan påverka gången genom freezing, då individen stannar upp och är oförmögen att fortsätta att gå. Detta är ett mycket besvärande symtom som kan behandlas med olika cueingstrategier. Även gånghastighet kan förbättras med hjälp av cueingstrategier. I den senaste litteraturstudien var evidensen för cueing oenig. Syftet med litteraturöversikten var att undersöka om evidensen för auditiv och visuell cueings effekt på freezing och gånghastighet har stärkts sedan den senaste litteraturstudiens kartläggning. En deskriptiv design valdes för litteraturöversikten. Sju artiklar från databaserna PubMed, Amed, PEDro och Cinahl uppfyllde inklusionskrierierna och granskades enligt PEDro scale. Auditiva och visuella cueingstrategier minskade freezing och hade varierande effekt på gånghastighet. Flera studier kombinerade båda cueingstrategierna tillsammans eller med annan träning. Vidare studier där enbart en cueingstrategi används behöver göras för att fastställa vilken cueingstrategi som ger vilken effekt. / Parkinson’s disease affects 15 of 10 000 people. The disease can affect gait through freezing, which is when the individual stagnates, unable to continue walking. This disabling symptom can be managed with cueing strategies. Gait speed can also improve with cueing. The latest literature review that examined cueing showed disagreeing results. The aim of this literature review was to investigate if the evidence for the effect of auditory and visual cueing on freezing and gait speed has improved since the latest review. A descriptive design was chosen. Seven articles from the databases PubMed, Amed, PEDro and Cinahl met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed with PEDro scale. Auditory and visual cueing decreased freezing and showed varying results on gait speed. Several studies combined both cueing strategies with each other and other training. Future research that only uses one cueing strategy is needed to determine the effects of each strategy.