Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / ‘A Visual Struggle for Mozambique. Revisiting narratives, interpreting photographs (1850 – 1930)’ is a study that requires an engagement with the historiography of the Portuguese empire, with reference to Mozambique. This is initially to provide some context for the East African situation in which photography began to feature in the mid- to late 19th century. But the other purpose is to see what impact the inclusion of visual archives has on the existing debates concerning Portuguese colonialism in Mozambique, and elsewhere. The rationale for this study, therefore, is to see what difference photographs will make to our interpretation and understanding of this past. The central issue is the ‘visual struggle’ undertaken to explore and dominate the territory of Mozambique. Deprived of their ‘historical rights’ by the requirements of the Berlin Treaties that insisted on ‘effective occupation’, the Portuguese started to employ a complex of knowledge-producing activities in which photography was crucially involved. Constituting part of the Pacification Campaigns that led to the territorial occupation, photographic translations of action taken to control the different regions in fact define the southern, central and northern regions of the country. The chapters propose ways to analyze photographs that cover issues related to different forms of knowledge construction. The resulting detail sometimes diverges from expectations associated with their archival history, such as the name of the photographers and exact dates, which are often unavailable.1 In discussing processes of memorialization, the thesis argues that memory is fragile. The notion of ellipsis is applied to enrich the potential narratives of the photographs. The thesis reads them against the grain in search of counter-narratives, underpinned by the concept of ‘visual dissonances’, which challenges the official history or stories attached to the photographs. Besides a participation in the general debates about the work of photography in particular, this research is driven by the need to find new ways to access the history of Mozambique. Ultimately the project will facilitate these photographic archives to re-enter public awareness, and help to promote critical approaches in the arts and humanities in this part of southern Africa.

The identity of the Koreans of the former Soviet Union has been shaped by a variety of factors, not the least of which was a long period of Soviet rule. Most frequently referred to as Koryo Saram in the region, they are distinctive in that they embody a mélange of Korean, Russian, Soviet and Central Asian characteristics. At first promoted as one of the many national minorities under the affirmative action-like Soviet nationalities policy, changes in the political sphere under Stalin ultimately led to their deportation to Central Asia in 1937. The Koryo Saram were subject to a variety of pressures at the hands of the state apparatus, including a complex and often contradictory nationalities policy, which often dictated that the they simultaneously assume a Korean and Soviet identity. This fact is most vividly displayed in the photographs of the period, which serve as historical documents that preserved these internal conflicts. This thesis examines not only the schism between the party rhetoric and the visual presentation of rhetoric from 1932 to 1941, but also the construction of Soviet Korean identity within this context. / text

As computer users increasingly rely on digital tools for daily tasks, the complexity of their working environments continues to grow. Modern knowledge workers must navigate a diverse array of digital resources, including documents, websites, applications, and other information. This complexity presents challenges in managing multiple activities to maintain productivity, such as handling interruptions, resuming tasks, curating resources, recalling context, retrieving previously closed digital resources, and fostering self-reflection. Despite these challenges, there has been limited research on leveraging visual cues to help users reconstruct their previous mental contexts, retrieve digital resources, and enhance self-reflection for behavioral change. Therefore, this Ph.D. dissertation addresses these gaps by focusing on: (1) investigating the existing challenges users face in curating digital resources, (2) designing and implementing supportive applications for task resumption, (3) developing methods that utilize screenshots and metadata for reconstructing mental context and retrieving resources, and (4) enhancing the processes of self-reflection and behavioral change to improve overall productivity. / Doctor of Philosophy / In our increasingly digital world, people are spending more time on computers to complete their daily tasks. However, as there are increasing resources and information involved, managing tasks has become more complex because individuals need to juggle various digital tools at the same time, like documents, websites, and applications. This can lead to difficulties such as dealing with interruptions, picking up where they left off, organizing information, remembering what they were working on, and reflecting on their habits to make positive changes. Surprisingly, there has been little research on how common-seen visual tools, like screenshots, can help people better handle these challenges. Screenshots can serve as visual reminders, helping users remember what they were doing and easily find the resources they need. Hence, this Ph.D. dissertation explores these issues by: (1) examining the problems people face when organizing digital resources, (2) creating tools to help users quickly resume their tasks, (3) using screenshots and additional information to help users remember their previous work, and (4) improving the way people reflect on their behavior to encourage positive changes.

A partir da análise do conceito de \'montagem\' cinematográfica na obra de Jean-Luc Godard e sua identificação com as noções de \'história\' e \'arquivo\', propõem-se \'exercícios\' que procuram explicar, de modo teórico-prático, a hipótese fundamental do projeto: a \'montagem\' é uma ferramenta que, apropriada pelas artes visuais, gera conhecimento e permite reordenar a história. A indagação teórica pensa a \'montagem\' como elemento que desliza do campo audiovisual. O conceito desloca-se no desenvolvimento de um trabalho que gera conexões com a produção artística, tanto quanto com a escrita da história por meio da arte. A primeira parte apresenta um processo de criação em artes visuais onde se desenvolvem \'exercícios de montagem\'. Como artista, coloco-me numa situação de deslocamento, vivendo como estrangeiro na cidade de São Paulo. A série de trabalhos é feita por meio da identificação da história econômica do café, como peça fundamental na construção do estado moderno brasileiro e colombiano. Os trabalhos buscam a emergência de narrações, novos olhares que podem aparecer no choque de imagens, na \'montagem\' como ferramenta para recontar uma história. A segunda parte apresenta um ensaio, que em sua estrutura, é proposto como um \'filme\'. Este exercício literário tem foco na história da arte colombiana e procura ser um contraponto teórico ao processo de criação em artes visuais. / The analysis of the cinematographic notion of \'montage\' in the work of Jean-Luc Godard, as well as its relation with \'history\' and \'archive\', are the points of departure to explain the main concept of this project: \'Montage\' is a tool which, when appropriated by the Visual Arts, produces knowledge and enables the rearrangement of history. The theoretical framework places \'montage\' as an element that escapes the audiovisual field. Here, the concept is widened to enable connections with artistic production, as well as with the writing of history through art. The first part deals with a creation process, where \'montage exercises\' took place. As an artist, I find myself in a situation of displacement, by living as a foreigner in the city of Sao Paulo; works were thereby created by identifying the economic history of coffee as a fundamental element of the formation of the modern states of Brazil and Colombia. The work inquires about narrations and produces a new gaze in the clash of images, and work as a tool in the \'montage\' to retell a history. The second part is an essay, a literary exercise that in its structure is proposed as a \'film\'. It focuses on the history of Colombian Art, and looks for a theoretical counterpoint to the creative process of visual arts.

Procuramos no presente trabalho verificar em que medida o álbum fotográfico Brasil pode ser considerado um caso exemplar da dimensão visual brasileira das décadas de 1940 e 1950 quanto à representação do país nesse tipo de suporte específico. Ao sintetizar diversas identidades visuais regionais, segundo um discurso articulado entre o editor, fotógrafos e consumidores, o álbum fotográfico configura-se como um documento visual privilegiado para entendermos as imagens-ícones dessa sociedade, sendo seu conjunto a iconosfera. A fim de ratificarmos o discurso visual desse álbum, analisamos outras bases documentais como revistas ilustradas, livros didáticos e mesmo outros álbuns fotográficos, com o objetivo de identificar um rol de imagens recorrentes em diversos suportes visuais suas ocorrências em Brasil. Para tal proposta, utilizamos instrumentos metodológicos oriundos de outros estudos, denominados de descritores icônicos e formais, para dar conta da análise imagética. / The aim of this work was to check if the Brasil photo album can be considered an exemplary case of Brazilian visual dimension of the 1940s and 1950s as the country\'s representation in this type of specific support. By synthesizing various regional visual identities, according to an articulated discourse between the editor, photographers and consumers, the photo album appears as a visual document privileged to understand the iconic images of that society, and the whole iconosfera. In order to ratify the visual discourse of this album, we analyzed other documents as illustrated magazines, textbooks and even other photo albums, with the aim of identifying a list of recurring images in different visual media in their occurrence Brasil. For this proposal, we use methodological tools from other studies, called iconic and formal descriptors for the imagery analysis.

Magister Artium - MA / This mini-thesis attempts to analyse the way in which Van Kalker photographs enabled representations of the self and allowed sitters a means through which to assert themselves visually especially when considered against a backdrop fraught with the socio-economic and political tensions of apartheid. The Van Kalker Studio, started by the late J. G. Van Kalker in 1937 at 47 Victoria Street, Woodstock became one of the most popular photo studios in Cape Town. Despite the effects of apartheid legislation such as the Group Areas Act (1950), the studio retained its prominence as an institution in which to mark memorable occasions. I have selected these photographs because it has become pivotal to consider how these intimate, beautiful and complex photographs speak to questions of the personal and the familial within an unfolding history of the city of Cape Town. By considering the Van Kalker photographs not only as mere images but as material objects with historical traces that are enmeshed in highly emotive processes of production, usage, exchange, storage, and collection, it creates the possibility that meaning can be found in the way in which photographs are presented, and how they are appropriated and disseminated. Although the significance of photographs as material objects has been largely overlooked or fleetingly explored, I intend to address that loss of material understanding in the thesis by regarding the Van Kalker photographs both as images and material objects that co-exist together. In pushing the argument of the thesis further, I will argue that through the display of Van Kalker photographs as material objects in prominent positions in the domestic interior, it serves as poignant reminders of personal and familial relations. Through an exploration of the Van Kalker photographs and the way in which they were appropriated, this thesis aims to weave an ephemeral visual seam across time and space, one that especially connects those that had theirphotographs taken at the Van Kalker studio despite their geographical dis/location.

A partir da análise do conceito de \'montagem\' cinematográfica na obra de Jean-Luc Godard e sua identificação com as noções de \'história\' e \'arquivo\', propõem-se \'exercícios\' que procuram explicar, de modo teórico-prático, a hipótese fundamental do projeto: a \'montagem\' é uma ferramenta que, apropriada pelas artes visuais, gera conhecimento e permite reordenar a história. A indagação teórica pensa a \'montagem\' como elemento que desliza do campo audiovisual. O conceito desloca-se no desenvolvimento de um trabalho que gera conexões com a produção artística, tanto quanto com a escrita da história por meio da arte. A primeira parte apresenta um processo de criação em artes visuais onde se desenvolvem \'exercícios de montagem\'. Como artista, coloco-me numa situação de deslocamento, vivendo como estrangeiro na cidade de São Paulo. A série de trabalhos é feita por meio da identificação da história econômica do café, como peça fundamental na construção do estado moderno brasileiro e colombiano. Os trabalhos buscam a emergência de narrações, novos olhares que podem aparecer no choque de imagens, na \'montagem\' como ferramenta para recontar uma história. A segunda parte apresenta um ensaio, que em sua estrutura, é proposto como um \'filme\'. Este exercício literário tem foco na história da arte colombiana e procura ser um contraponto teórico ao processo de criação em artes visuais. / The analysis of the cinematographic notion of \'montage\' in the work of Jean-Luc Godard, as well as its relation with \'history\' and \'archive\', are the points of departure to explain the main concept of this project: \'Montage\' is a tool which, when appropriated by the Visual Arts, produces knowledge and enables the rearrangement of history. The theoretical framework places \'montage\' as an element that escapes the audiovisual field. Here, the concept is widened to enable connections with artistic production, as well as with the writing of history through art. The first part deals with a creation process, where \'montage exercises\' took place. As an artist, I find myself in a situation of displacement, by living as a foreigner in the city of Sao Paulo; works were thereby created by identifying the economic history of coffee as a fundamental element of the formation of the modern states of Brazil and Colombia. The work inquires about narrations and produces a new gaze in the clash of images, and work as a tool in the \'montage\' to retell a history. The second part is an essay, a literary exercise that in its structure is proposed as a \'film\'. It focuses on the history of Colombian Art, and looks for a theoretical counterpoint to the creative process of visual arts.

Esta Dissertação de Mestrado tem como escopo a análise sobre a circulação das esculturas em madeira policromada remanescentes dos povoados jesuítico-guaranis que se estabeleceram na região sul-rio-grandense durante os séculos XVII e XVIII no espaço do Museu Júlio de Castilhos e do Museu das Missões, tendo como recorte temporal o período compreendido entre 1903 e 1940 que se referem ao momento de criação dos dois museus respectivamente. Discorro sobre o percurso museal da estatuária missioneira entre essas duas instituições, bem como sobre o agenciamento das mesmas no espaço de cada museu numa tentativa de compreender como são representados o passado e a história nessas instituições. Utilizo os conceitos de visualidade, poder/saber, representação e apropriação a partir de diferentes autores para tentar mapear as tensões envolvidas no processo de atribuição de sentidos às esculturas em seu circuito de musealização e as narrativas visualmente engendradas a partir delas. A investigação foi construída a partir de três capítulos: o primeiro “Guaranis e Missionários: a vida que se esculpiu nas Reduções”, tem como foco a historicização das Reduções Jesuítico-Guaranis e dos espaços onde as esculturas sacras eram produzidas; na sequência, “Peregrinos na capital: a Imaginária Guarani em Porto Alegre” aborda a forma como alguns exemplares das esculturas são trazidas para Porto Alegre no início do século XX e sua posterior incorporação ao acervo do Museu Júlio de Castilhos, finalmente, em “Um ‘simples abrigo’ em outra capital” trata da criação do Museu das Missões, e analisa os processos de atribuição de sentidos às esculturas que passam a conformar seu acervo. Para realizar o trabalho, constitui como corpus documental fotografias, artigos jornalísticos e documentos oficiais nacionais das esferas estadual e federal. O aporte teórico da presente dissertação está calcado, sobretudo, nos pressupostos de autores como Ulpiano Toledo Bezerra de Meneses e Paulo Knauss, no que se refere ao estudo da História Visual; Roger Chartier, com relação à instabilidade dos sentidos atribuídos aos artefatos culturais; Zita Rosane Possamai, no que concerne ao conceito de percurso museal; Arno Kern, e Eduardo Santos Neumann, a respeito das Reduções Jesuítico-Guaranis. As aproximações sucessivas com o corpus documental da pesquisa permitem tornar pensável o processo de atribuição de sentido às esculturas missioneiras a partir de relações de ordem política e moral. / This Dissertation is scoped to the analysis on the movement of polychrome wood sculptures reminiscent of the Jesuit-Guarani villages who settled in South Rio Grande region during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries in the space of Júlio de Castilhos Museum and the Missions Museum, with the time frame the period between 1903 and 1940 refer to the moment of creation of the two museums respectively. I expatiate about the museum route of the Missionary statuary between these two institutions, as well as the agency of the same within each museum in an attempt to understand how the past is represented in these institutions and history. I use the concepts of visuality, power / knowledge, representation and appropriation from different authors to try to map the tensions involved in the assignment of meaning to the sculptures in his circuit musealization and narratives visually engendered therefrom process. The research was constructed from three chapters: the first "Guaranis and Missionaries: the life that is carved in reductions," focuses on the historicity of the Jesuit- Guarani reductions and spaces where the sacred sculptures were produced; following, "Pilgrims in the capital: the Imaginary Guarani in Porto Alegre" discusses how some copies of the sculptures are brought into Porto Alegre in the early twentieth century and its subsequent incorporation into the collections of the Júlio de Castilhos Museum, finally, in "A 'simple shelter' in other capital" deals with the creation of the Missions Museum, and analyzes the process of assigning meanings to sculptures that are conform to its collection. To perform the work, I constitute as documentary corpus photographs, newspaper articles and official documents of the national state and federal levels. The theoretical contribution of this Dissertation is underpinned mainly on the assumptions of authors such as Ulpiano Toledo Bezerra de Menezes and Paulo Knauss, with regard to the study of Visual History; Roger Chartier, with the instability of meanings attributed to cultural artifacts; Zita Rosane Possamai, regarding the concept of museum route; Arno Kern, and Eduardo Santos Neumann, about the Jesuit-Guaraní Reductions. Successive approximations to the documentary corpus of research allow thinkable make the process of assigning meaning to Missionary sculptures from relations of political and moral order.

Esta Dissertação de Mestrado tem como escopo a análise sobre a circulação das esculturas em madeira policromada remanescentes dos povoados jesuítico-guaranis que se estabeleceram na região sul-rio-grandense durante os séculos XVII e XVIII no espaço do Museu Júlio de Castilhos e do Museu das Missões, tendo como recorte temporal o período compreendido entre 1903 e 1940 que se referem ao momento de criação dos dois museus respectivamente. Discorro sobre o percurso museal da estatuária missioneira entre essas duas instituições, bem como sobre o agenciamento das mesmas no espaço de cada museu numa tentativa de compreender como são representados o passado e a história nessas instituições. Utilizo os conceitos de visualidade, poder/saber, representação e apropriação a partir de diferentes autores para tentar mapear as tensões envolvidas no processo de atribuição de sentidos às esculturas em seu circuito de musealização e as narrativas visualmente engendradas a partir delas. A investigação foi construída a partir de três capítulos: o primeiro “Guaranis e Missionários: a vida que se esculpiu nas Reduções”, tem como foco a historicização das Reduções Jesuítico-Guaranis e dos espaços onde as esculturas sacras eram produzidas; na sequência, “Peregrinos na capital: a Imaginária Guarani em Porto Alegre” aborda a forma como alguns exemplares das esculturas são trazidas para Porto Alegre no início do século XX e sua posterior incorporação ao acervo do Museu Júlio de Castilhos, finalmente, em “Um ‘simples abrigo’ em outra capital” trata da criação do Museu das Missões, e analisa os processos de atribuição de sentidos às esculturas que passam a conformar seu acervo. Para realizar o trabalho, constitui como corpus documental fotografias, artigos jornalísticos e documentos oficiais nacionais das esferas estadual e federal. O aporte teórico da presente dissertação está calcado, sobretudo, nos pressupostos de autores como Ulpiano Toledo Bezerra de Meneses e Paulo Knauss, no que se refere ao estudo da História Visual; Roger Chartier, com relação à instabilidade dos sentidos atribuídos aos artefatos culturais; Zita Rosane Possamai, no que concerne ao conceito de percurso museal; Arno Kern, e Eduardo Santos Neumann, a respeito das Reduções Jesuítico-Guaranis. As aproximações sucessivas com o corpus documental da pesquisa permitem tornar pensável o processo de atribuição de sentido às esculturas missioneiras a partir de relações de ordem política e moral. / This Dissertation is scoped to the analysis on the movement of polychrome wood sculptures reminiscent of the Jesuit-Guarani villages who settled in South Rio Grande region during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries in the space of Júlio de Castilhos Museum and the Missions Museum, with the time frame the period between 1903 and 1940 refer to the moment of creation of the two museums respectively. I expatiate about the museum route of the Missionary statuary between these two institutions, as well as the agency of the same within each museum in an attempt to understand how the past is represented in these institutions and history. I use the concepts of visuality, power / knowledge, representation and appropriation from different authors to try to map the tensions involved in the assignment of meaning to the sculptures in his circuit musealization and narratives visually engendered therefrom process. The research was constructed from three chapters: the first "Guaranis and Missionaries: the life that is carved in reductions," focuses on the historicity of the Jesuit- Guarani reductions and spaces where the sacred sculptures were produced; following, "Pilgrims in the capital: the Imaginary Guarani in Porto Alegre" discusses how some copies of the sculptures are brought into Porto Alegre in the early twentieth century and its subsequent incorporation into the collections of the Júlio de Castilhos Museum, finally, in "A 'simple shelter' in other capital" deals with the creation of the Missions Museum, and analyzes the process of assigning meanings to sculptures that are conform to its collection. To perform the work, I constitute as documentary corpus photographs, newspaper articles and official documents of the national state and federal levels. The theoretical contribution of this Dissertation is underpinned mainly on the assumptions of authors such as Ulpiano Toledo Bezerra de Menezes and Paulo Knauss, with regard to the study of Visual History; Roger Chartier, with the instability of meanings attributed to cultural artifacts; Zita Rosane Possamai, regarding the concept of museum route; Arno Kern, and Eduardo Santos Neumann, about the Jesuit-Guaraní Reductions. Successive approximations to the documentary corpus of research allow thinkable make the process of assigning meaning to Missionary sculptures from relations of political and moral order.

Esta Dissertação de Mestrado tem como escopo a análise sobre a circulação das esculturas em madeira policromada remanescentes dos povoados jesuítico-guaranis que se estabeleceram na região sul-rio-grandense durante os séculos XVII e XVIII no espaço do Museu Júlio de Castilhos e do Museu das Missões, tendo como recorte temporal o período compreendido entre 1903 e 1940 que se referem ao momento de criação dos dois museus respectivamente. Discorro sobre o percurso museal da estatuária missioneira entre essas duas instituições, bem como sobre o agenciamento das mesmas no espaço de cada museu numa tentativa de compreender como são representados o passado e a história nessas instituições. Utilizo os conceitos de visualidade, poder/saber, representação e apropriação a partir de diferentes autores para tentar mapear as tensões envolvidas no processo de atribuição de sentidos às esculturas em seu circuito de musealização e as narrativas visualmente engendradas a partir delas. A investigação foi construída a partir de três capítulos: o primeiro “Guaranis e Missionários: a vida que se esculpiu nas Reduções”, tem como foco a historicização das Reduções Jesuítico-Guaranis e dos espaços onde as esculturas sacras eram produzidas; na sequência, “Peregrinos na capital: a Imaginária Guarani em Porto Alegre” aborda a forma como alguns exemplares das esculturas são trazidas para Porto Alegre no início do século XX e sua posterior incorporação ao acervo do Museu Júlio de Castilhos, finalmente, em “Um ‘simples abrigo’ em outra capital” trata da criação do Museu das Missões, e analisa os processos de atribuição de sentidos às esculturas que passam a conformar seu acervo. Para realizar o trabalho, constitui como corpus documental fotografias, artigos jornalísticos e documentos oficiais nacionais das esferas estadual e federal. O aporte teórico da presente dissertação está calcado, sobretudo, nos pressupostos de autores como Ulpiano Toledo Bezerra de Meneses e Paulo Knauss, no que se refere ao estudo da História Visual; Roger Chartier, com relação à instabilidade dos sentidos atribuídos aos artefatos culturais; Zita Rosane Possamai, no que concerne ao conceito de percurso museal; Arno Kern, e Eduardo Santos Neumann, a respeito das Reduções Jesuítico-Guaranis. As aproximações sucessivas com o corpus documental da pesquisa permitem tornar pensável o processo de atribuição de sentido às esculturas missioneiras a partir de relações de ordem política e moral. / This Dissertation is scoped to the analysis on the movement of polychrome wood sculptures reminiscent of the Jesuit-Guarani villages who settled in South Rio Grande region during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries in the space of Júlio de Castilhos Museum and the Missions Museum, with the time frame the period between 1903 and 1940 refer to the moment of creation of the two museums respectively. I expatiate about the museum route of the Missionary statuary between these two institutions, as well as the agency of the same within each museum in an attempt to understand how the past is represented in these institutions and history. I use the concepts of visuality, power / knowledge, representation and appropriation from different authors to try to map the tensions involved in the assignment of meaning to the sculptures in his circuit musealization and narratives visually engendered therefrom process. The research was constructed from three chapters: the first "Guaranis and Missionaries: the life that is carved in reductions," focuses on the historicity of the Jesuit- Guarani reductions and spaces where the sacred sculptures were produced; following, "Pilgrims in the capital: the Imaginary Guarani in Porto Alegre" discusses how some copies of the sculptures are brought into Porto Alegre in the early twentieth century and its subsequent incorporation into the collections of the Júlio de Castilhos Museum, finally, in "A 'simple shelter' in other capital" deals with the creation of the Missions Museum, and analyzes the process of assigning meanings to sculptures that are conform to its collection. To perform the work, I constitute as documentary corpus photographs, newspaper articles and official documents of the national state and federal levels. The theoretical contribution of this Dissertation is underpinned mainly on the assumptions of authors such as Ulpiano Toledo Bezerra de Menezes and Paulo Knauss, with regard to the study of Visual History; Roger Chartier, with the instability of meanings attributed to cultural artifacts; Zita Rosane Possamai, regarding the concept of museum route; Arno Kern, and Eduardo Santos Neumann, about the Jesuit-Guaraní Reductions. Successive approximations to the documentary corpus of research allow thinkable make the process of assigning meaning to Missionary sculptures from relations of political and moral order.