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Die invloed van spesifieke grond en klimaats parameters op wingerdprestasie, wynkwaliteit en -karakterRoux, F. A. 03 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MScAgric (Soil Science))--University of Stellenbosch, 2005. / This thesis forms part of a research program that is investigated by ARC Infruitec-
Nietvoorbij and the University of Stellenbosch. The aim of this program is to
quantify the effect of soil and climate on wine quality and character as a basis for
scientific demarcation of production regions. Natural factors are first quantified and
characterised so that relative homogeneous natural terroir units (NTU) can be
identified. Thereafter wines made from these different localities are assessed for
similarities which permit grouping of localities into viticultural terroirs.
The present study involved seven research plots in the Robertson district, making
use of initial measurements by ARC Infruitec-Nietvoorbij in the 2000/01 and
2001/02 seasons together with more intensive measurements in the 2002/03 and
2003/04. The seven plots are located in two wards, Le Chasseur and Vinkrivier.
Sauvignon blanc plots were marked at two localities, each with two sub-plots
occurring in one block. Three Cabernet Sauvignon plots were marked out. Two
plots occurred in one block in Le Chasseur and one plot in Vinkrivier. Plots within
the same block were located on different soil types so that the effect of soil type on
wine quality and character could be monitored. Morphological examination of soil
profiles at each plot was carried out together with physical and chemical analysis of
samples taken at 30cm depth intervals. Soil water content was measured at
regular intervals to assess soil water tension. Vineyard performance was assessed
in terms of phenology, root system studies, leafwaterpotential measurements,
canopy quality assessment, leaf analysis, shoot growth, and data relating to
ripening, harvest and pruning. Wines were made from each plot by ARC Infruitec-
Nietvoorbij and evaluated by a tasting panel after six months and then again after
eighteen months. Meteorological data were collected in each ward.
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The ecophysiological characterisation of terroirs in Stellenbosch : the contribution of soil surface colourWitbooi, Erna Hailey 03 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MScAgric (Viticulture and Oenology))--Stellenbosch University, 2008. / Soil is a component of the environment and sustains growth of several plants and animals.
It forms part of the biosphere and can be described as the interface between the
atmosphere and the lithosphere. The interaction between soil, climate and topography and
the resulting agricultural aptitude forms the concept of terroir. This relationship is complex
and it is difficult to quantify the contribution of each.
Grapevines are exposed to an array of soil types. Soils have varying colours, which can be
ascribed to their origin from different parent materials and pedogenetic factors. Historical
and experimental evidence points to the key role that soil physical conditions play in
determining grape berry composition, but other soil related factors may also play a role.
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of soil surface colour on the vegetative
and reproductive growth characteristics of Cabernet Sauvignon. The aim was to determine
whether a relationship exists between soil colour, reflective light quality below and inside
the grapevine canopy, vegetative growth of the grapevine and the berry and wine
composition.
The reflected light from soils was measured in three positions of the canopy and across
the light spectrum (300–2500 nm) for three different soil surface treatments (black, red and
grey). The effect of soil colour on vegetative parameters, yield and berry composition and
wine quality was investigated. Soil surface colour resulted in differences in the reflected
light quality below and in the canopy. The differences in the light quality were associated
with differences in vegetative parameters such as mean main leaf, with grey soils inducing
higher values. Potassium levels of the grapes and berry number per bunch appeared to be
influenced by soil surface colour throughout berry development with red and black soils
having higher levels of potassium and berry number per bunch than grey soils. Grape
ripening parameters were not influenced by soil surface colour, but the grey treatment had
a significantly more intense grape colour measured at 520 nm (red pigments).
It is assumed that the importance of soil colour is its association with the physical and the
pedogenetic properties that contribute to the grapevine water balance. From these results it can be concluded that soil surface colour appeared to have a direct effect on some
aspects of vegetative and reproductive growth, and berry composition, but the contribution
of different wavebands and mechanism of their effect deserves further study.
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Nutritional status of geologically different vineyards in HelderbergShange, Philisiwe Lawrancia 12 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MscAgric (Viticulture and Oenology))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Little scientific information regarding the effect of different geological parent materials on
grapevine performance is currently available in South Africa. This aspect is of special
significance for the Helderberg area, where parent material may change from granite to shale
over a short distance. This results in shale- as well as granite-derived soils often occurring
within the same vineyard. The objectives of this study were to (i) quantify the nutritional status
and other soil properties of different parent materials (shale and granite) and overlying soils (ii)
investigate the impact of geological differences in the soil on the vine nutritional status and
certain vine parameters. This study was done over two seasons (2006/2007 and 2007/2008).
Two Sauvignon blanc and two Cabernet Sauvignon vineyard blocks were selected at two
different localities for each cultivar in the Helderberg area, South Africa. Shale- and granitederived
soils were identified within each block.
Kaolinite was the dominant mineral, whereas quartz and feldspar were sub-dominant. Traces of
mica were also present in some shale- and granite-derived soils. Granite- contained significantly
higher contents of coarse sand than shale-derived soils, whilst the opposite occurred in terms of
fine sand. These differences affected the water holding capacity, in general making it higher in
shale- than granite-derived soils. Shale-derived soils had higher concentrations of total K but
granite-derived soils had a higher ability to release K as they contained higher concentrations of
soluble K. The Q/I parameters, potential buffering capacity of K (PBCK) and equilibrium activity
ratio of K (ARK) showed no consistent responses to geological differences.
Potassium concentrations were higher in the leaf blades (obtained before harvest in 2007) from
Sauvignon blanc grapevines on granite- than on shale-derived soils. Potassium concentrations
in the Cabernet Sauvignon juice (obtained in 2007) tended higher in juice from granite- than
from shale-derived soils. In 2008, K concentrations tended higher in juice from shale- than from
granite-derived soils for both cultivars. The pH of the Sauvignon blanc juice (obtained in 2008)
tended higher in juice from shale-than from granite-derived soils, thus corresponding with the K
concentrations in the juice in this season. Nitrogen concentrations were higher in Cabernet
Sauvignon juice (obtained in 2007) and Sauvignon blanc juice (obtained in 2008) from shalethan
from granite-derived soils. In terms of vine water status, vines on granite-derived soils
appeared more stressed than those on shale-derived soils in both seasons at one of the
vineyards.
In these Sauvignon blanc and Cabernet Sauvignon vineyards, the K nutritional status was not
affected by geology in a consistent manner but there were some noticeable tendencies for a
specific cultivar during certain seasons. On account of vines being planted on shale- and
granite-derived soils within the same block, soil preparation was done similarly for both soils,
and they were exposed to similar irrigation schedules, canopy management strategies and
climatic conditions. Therefore, there is a high probability that all these practices may have
negated the effect of geology on the K status of soils and especially on juice K concentration at
the time of harvest. It was clear that seasonal differences and fertilisation affected the nutritional
status of the vines more than geology. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In Suid-Afrika is daar tans min wetenskaplike inligting oor die effek van verskillende geologiese
moedermateriale op die prestasie van wingerd beskikbaar. Hierdie aspek is veral van belang in
die Helderberg-area, waar moedermateriaal oor ‘n baie kort afstand van graniet na skalie kan
wissel. Dit lei daartoe dat skalie-, sowel as granietgronde, dikwels binne dieselfde wingerd
voorkom. Die doelwitte van die studie was om: (i) die voedingstatus en ander grondkundige
eienskappe van die verskillende moedermateriale (skalie en graniet) en oorliggende gronde te
kwantifiseer (ii) die impak van geologiese verskille in die grond op wingerd se voedingstatus en
sekere wingerdkundige parameters, te ondersoek. Hierdie studie is oor twee seisoene
(2006/2007 en 2007/2008) gedoen. Twee Sauvignon blanc en twee Cabernet Sauvignon
wingerdblokke is geselekteer by twee verskillende lokaliteite vir elke kultivar in die Helderbergarea,
Suid-Afrika. Beide skalie- en granietgrond is binne elke blok geïdentifiseer.
Kaoliniet was die dominante mineraal, met kwarts en veldspaat sub-dominant, terwyl spore van
mika ook in beide skalie- en granietgronde gevind is. Granietgronde het betekenisvol hoër
hoeveelhede growwe sand bevat, terwyl skaliegronde meer fyn sand bevat het. Hierdie verskille
het ‘n effek op waterhouvermoë gehad en daartoe gelei dat waterinhoude oor die algemeen
hoër was vir skaliegronde. Skaliegronde het groter hoeveelhede totale K bevat, maar
granietgronde se vermoë om K vry te stel was hoër, omdat hulle ‘n hoër konsentrasie oplosbare
K bevat het. Die Q/I parameters, potensiële buffervermoë vir K (PBCK) en ewewig
aktiwiteitsverhouding vir K (ARK), is nie op ‘n konsekwente wyse deur geologiese verskille
beïnvloed nie.
Vir die Sauvignon blanc wingerde was kalium konsentrasies in blaarskywe (gemonster voor oes
in 2007) hoër vir graniet- as vir skaliegronde. Kalium konsentrasies in die sap vanaf Cabernet
Sauvignon (gemonster in 2007) het hoër geneig vir granietgronde. In 2008 het die kalium
konsentrasies, vir beide kultivars, hoër geneig in sap vanaf skaliegronde. Gedurende dié
seisoen het die pH van sap ook hoër geneig vir Sauvignon blanc vanaf skaliegronde, wat dus
ooreenstem met die K inhoud van die sap. Stikstof konsentrasies was hoër in sap vanaf
skaliegronde vir Cabernet Sauvignon (2007) en vir Sauvignon blanc (2008). In terme van die
wingerde se waterstatus, het stokke op die granietgrond, by een van die lokaliteite, geneig om
gedurende beide seisoene onder groter stremming te wees op graniet as op skaliegrond.
In hierdie Sauvignon blanc en Cabernet Sauvignon wingerde, is K voedingstatus nie op ‘n
konsekwente wyse deur geologie geaffekteer nie, maar gedurende sommige seisoene was daar
wel duidelike tendense vir ‘n spesifieke kultivar. Omdat die stokke binne dieselfde blok op
skalie- en graniet gronde geplant is, was grondvoorbereiding eenders vir die twee grondtipes
terwyl besproeiingskedule, lowerbestuur en klimaatstoestande ook identies was. Daar is dus ‘n
hoë waarskynlikheid dat al hierdie faktore daartoe kon bygedra het dat die effek van geologie
op die K status van van gronde versluier is, veral die effek op die K inhoud van sap teen oestyd.
Dit was duidelik dat seisoenale klimaatsverskile en bemestingspraktyke ’n groter effek as
geologie op die voedingstatus van die wingerd gehad het.
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Kooperatiewe wynkelders in Suid-AfrikaBotha, T. C. 12 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MSc(Agric)) -- Stellenbosch University, 1966. / INLEIDING: Die ontstaan van kooperasiewese kan teruggevoer word na die jaar 1844 toe 28 wewers van Rochdale in Engeland 'n suksesvolle koöperatiewe verbruikswinkel geloods het. Die sogenaamde Rochdale-pioniers word veral onthou vanweë die feit dat hulle die beginsels van koöperasiewese duidelik geformuleer het. In Suid-Afrika speel landboukoöperasie vandag 'n belangrike rol in die bemarking van landbouprodukte, die verskaffing van boerderybenodighede en die lewering van dienste aan boere. Koöperasies is, veral in die beginjare, meesal
gestig met die doel om gebreke in die bemarking en verwerking van landbouprodukte te oorbrug. In Suid-Afrika het koöperasiewese ontwikkel sedert die twintigste eeu toe 'n Ier, Mnr. P.J. Hannon na die land gebring is om te dien as
superintendent van landboukoöperasies. Vandaar het dit ontwikkel tot feitlik al die sektore van die landboubedryf in
Suid-Afrika.
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Die geografiese invloede op die wynboubedryf in die Suid-westelike distrikte van die KaapprovinsieTheron, H. F. January 1932 (has links)
Thesis (MScAgric)--Stellenbosch University, 1932. / No Abstract Available
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The Identification of natural terroir units in the Robertson Wine District using GIS and remote sensingRemas, Hadley 03 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MSc) -- Stellenbosch University, 2012. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: One of the main objectives of the South African Wine of Origin Scheme (SAWOS) is to guarantee the quality of wine products emerging from South Africa’s viticultural production areas by preventing the abuse of names of products originating from outstanding viticultural areas. The study of terroirs contributes to knowledge that assists in delimiting potential viticultural areas in South Africa. Terroirs are areas with homogeneous groups of natural factors that, with the aid of effective management, have the potential to produce a unique product over a recognizable period. Natural terroir units (NTU) reflect the integration of relatively homogenous environmental factors, which include topography, climate, soil and geology.
This study investigates the use of geographic information systems (GIS) and remote sensing methods in the identification of NTU in the Robertson wine district. Existing topographical, soil, geological and climatic GIS data layers were collected at various scales. In addition to this spatial data, orthorectified and radiometrically corrected SPOT 5 and ASTER satellite imagery were used to classify the land use/cover using an object-based image analysis (OBIA) approach. Eight land use/cover classes were distinguished by a sequential ruleset and an overall accuracy of 81.2% was achieved.
The land use/cover layer was combined with the slope aspect and soil landscape to provide a three-component NTU description. One hundred and seventy NTU were identified, of which fifty five units exist for agriculture. These NTU can be used for site selection of agricultural produce and effective planning and management of land use. Climate was not included in the delimitation of NTU because the coarse resolution of climatic data could not be used to distinguish between different NTU. Therefore, all NTU identified in this research has similar climatic conditions.
The major drawback of GIS-assisted terroir studies is the difficulty of representing a number of NTU on one GIS map. Therefore, it is recommended to associate the NTU map with a table of the classes instead. Furthermore, the accuracy, scale and resolution of available GIS data in South Africa influence the delimitation of NTU. Although remote sensing was found to provide efficient methods for land cover mapping, the use of multiseasonal satellite images would classify vineyards more efficiently because such an approach accounts for the different growth cycles of grapevines. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Een van die hoof doelwitte van die Suid-Afrikaanse Wyn van Oorsprongskema (SAWOS) is om die kwaliteit van wynbouprodukte afkomstig van Suid-Afrikaanse wingerdbougebiede te verseker. Die studie van terroirs is geïdentifiseer as ‘n metode om moontlike wingerdbougebiede in Suid-Afrika af te baken. Terroirs is gebiede met relatief homogene natuurlike faktore wat oor ‘n erkenbare tydperk en met behulp van effektiewe bestuur die vermoë het om ‘n unieke produk te lewer. Dié natuurlike faktore word, “natuurlike terroir eenhede” (NTE) genoem en sluit topografie, klimaat, grond en geologie in.
Hierdie navorsing ondersoek die gebruik van geografiese inligtingstelsels (GIS) en afstandswaarnemingstegnieke om NTE in die Robertson-wyndistrik te identifiseer. Bestaande ruimtelike topografiese-, grond-, geologiese- en klimaatdata is op ‘n verskeidenheid skale versamel. Bykomend tot hierdie ruimtelike data, is ortogekorrigeerde en radiometries-gekalibreerde SPOT 5 en ASTER satellietbeelde gebruik om landgebruik/ -bedekking te klassifiseer. Objekgerigte beeldanalise (OGBA) is toegepas tydens hierdie klassifikasie en agt landgebruik/ -bedekkingsklasse is onderskei deur gebruik te maak van ‘n stapsgewyse reëlstel. OGBA het ‘n algehele akkuraatheid van 81.2% gelewer.
Die landgebruik/ -bedekkingsdata is gekombineer met hellingaspek en die grondlandskap om ‘n drieledige NTE-beskrywing te lewer. Een honderd en sewentig NTE is geïdentifiseer waarvan daar vyf-en-vyftig eenhede vir landbou bestaan. Hierdie NTE kan aangewend word vir die selektering van geskikte terreine vir landbou-gewasse en effektiewe grondgebruikbeplanning en -bestuur. As gevolg van die bestaande klimaatdata se growwe resolusie, was dit ongeskik om te onderskei tussen verskillende NTE. Dus heers daar soortgelyke klimaatstoestande vir elke NTE wat in hierdie navorsing geïdentifiseer is.
Die grootste stremmende faktor wat GIS-verwante terroir navorsing beïnvloed, is die uitdaging om ‘n groot getal NTE op een kaart voor te stel. Daarom is dit beter om die NTE kaart met ‘n tabel te assosieer. Verder beïnvloed die akkuraatheid, skaal en resolusie van beskikbare digitale geografiese data in Suid-Afrika die afbakening van NTE. Alhoewel bevind is dat afstandwaarneming ‘n effektiewe metode is om landbedekking te karteer, sal die gebruik van meerseisoenale satellietbeelde wingerde meer doelmatig karteer omdat dit verskeie siklusse in die groei van wingerde in ag neem.
SLEUTELWOORDE EN FRASES
terroir, natuurlike terroir eenhede (NTE), geografiese inligtingstelsels, afstandwaarneming, wingerdkunde
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Biodiversity and the South African wine sector: a successful blend?Bridgman, Corrie 03 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MA (Geography and Environmental Studies))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009. / The acceleration of biodiversity loss is understood to threaten the ecosystems upon which
life on earth depends. Existing conservation approaches have proved insufficient to stem
global biodiversity losses. Mounting evidence indicates that responsible biodiversity
conservation requires an integration of ecology with economics. Accordingly,
contemporary conservation interventions incorporate a concept that ecosystems and
biodiversity can be used and also conserved. In South Africa, such interventions can be
appropriately applied in the Cape Floristic Region (CFR), an area containing severely
endangered biodiversity where land use and conservation goals rarely mesh. More than
80% of land in the CFR is privately owned, with large tracts transformed for viticulture.
Conservation challenges thus include the reconciliation of wine production needs with
biodiversity protection necessities.
This thesis comprises a case study of the Biodiversity and Wine Initiative, an
organisation that simultaneously promotes biodiversity conservation in the South African
wine sector, by a process of mainstreaming within an viticultural context. The overall
study aim was to improve understanding of the BWI as a mainstreaming initiative.
Specifically, the area of inquiry is an investigation into how effectively the BWI has
protected biodiversity in the CFR between 2005 and 2008. Individual aims were to
investigate reductions in threat to biodiversity in the CFR; to assess farmer adoption
levels of BWI strategy; and to formulate a sustainability appraisal of the Biodiversity and
Wine Initiative. A strategic triangulation of methods was employed. Stakeholder
interviews were conducted to probe adoption levels and opinions of BWI strategy. Case
studies of two BWI champion estates provided data on best practice. Towards a critical
appraisal of sustainability, an assessment was made of the BWI as a functioning
mainstreaming model, which included case studies of two model farms.
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