Dados correntométricos obtidos com o emprego do \"Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler\" (ADCP) rebocado por um barco de pesquisa e dados hidrográficos quasesinóticos foram amostrados no Canal de São Sebastião (CSS) em seis cruzeiros realizados entre 2001 e 2006. Dados de vento de superfície para a Plataforma Continental Sudeste do Brasil (PCSE) obtidos pelo escaterômetro QuikSCAT também foram utilizados neste trabalho. O método da Análise Objetiva foi aplicado para a obtenção das distribuições horizontais e verticais de temperatura, salinidade, densidade, velocidade e vento. Os transportes de volume estimados para as quatro seções verticais dispostas radialmente no canal apresentaram condições de quase-continuidade ou descontinuidade entre seus valores cujas causas foram atribuídas principalmente à ocorrência de giros ciclônicos ou anticiclônicos na porção sul do CSS e à quase-sinopticidade da aquisição dos dados. Em 13/11/2002 foi obtido o maior valor para o transporte de volume no canal, de 18904m3 s1, associado aos ventos de SW, com direção para norte, enquanto que o menor valor calculado foi de -1959 m3 s1, em 27/07/2006, com movimentos para sul associado aos ventos oriundos de NE. Os giros foram observados somente na porção sul do canal. Esses giros eram ciclônicos associados aos ventos de NE e anticiclônicos quando os ventos sopraram de SW. O tempo de renovação das águas do CSS varia de 0,81 dias a 7,81 dias. Circulação em duas camadas e bidirecional, com movimentos superficiais para SW, forçados pelos ventos de NE, e movimentos profundos em direção para o norte do canal foram observados em 27/07/2006, 10/10/2006 e 14/12/2006. A Água Central do Atlântico Sul (ACAS) preencheu toda a camada de fundo do CSS em 14/12/2006, e neste dia ocorreu a ressurgência costeira com o afloramento da ACAS na superfície, na costa continental sul do CSS, associada aos ventos de NE/SE, que sopraram na PCSE entre os dias 8 e 14/12/2006. / Current data obtained using an \"Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler \" (ADCP) towed by a research boat and nearly synoptic hydrographic data were sampled in the São Sebastião Channel (SSC) during six cruises between 2001 and 2006. This study also uses ocean-surface wind fields for the South Brazil Bight (SBB) area derived from the QuikSCAT scatterometer. The method of objective analysis was applied to obtain the horizontal and vertical distributions of temperature, salinity, density, velocity and wind. The estimated along-channel volume transport for the four vertical sections arranged radially to the channel was almost continuous or discontinuous between their values, probably mainly caused by the occurrence of anticyclonic or cyclonic gyres in the southern portion of the SSC and almost synopticity in data acquisition. The calculated volume transport in the channel ranged from 18,904 m3 s1 on 13/11/2002 heading north forced by southwesterly winds, to -1,959m3 s1 on 27/07/2006 heading south forced by northeasterly winds. Gyres were observed only in the southern portion of the channel. These gyres were cyclonic during northeasterly winds and anticyclonic during southwesterly winds. The water renewal time of the SSC varies from 0.81 to 7.81 days. On 27/07/2006, 10/10/2006 and 14/12/2006, bidirectional circulation in two layers was observed, with surface currents heading SW, forced by northeasterly winds, and deep currents heading N. On 14/12/2006 the whole bottom layer of the SSC was filled with South Atlantic Central Water (SACW), and its coastal upwelling was observed at the southern continental coast of the channel, probably due to NE/SE winds that blew between 8/12/2006 and 14/12/2006.

É sabido das vantagens da utilização do sêmen criopreservado na reprodução eqüina, mas também é de conhecimento que o entendimento desta biotecnologia ainda é carente. Não se tem concordância quanto à dose e concentração espermáticas ideais para se obter bons resultados de fertilidade. Assim, este experimento teve o intuito de avaliar o movimento espermático pelo sistema computadorizado (CASA), a morfologia espermática, além da integridade das membranas plasmática e acrossomal e o potencial de membrana mitocondrial, com sondas fluorescentes, em espermatozóides eqüinos criopreservados nas concentrações de 100, 200, e 400x106sptz/mL e nos volumes 0,50 e 0,25mL. Foram utilizados quatro garanhões sendo oito colheitas de cada animal, através de vagina artificial. Após a colheita, o sêmen foi diluído em extensor à base de leite desnatado (1:1), centrifugado 500xg por 10 minutos, o sobrenadante retirado, e o pellet ressuspendido em diluidor Botu-Crio® nas concentrações de 100 (C100), 200 (C200) e 400x106sptz./mL (C400). Em seguida, envasado em palhetas de 0,50 e 0,25mL. Para criopreservação do sêmen utilizou–se aparelho automatizado (TK3000®), com curvas de resfriamento -0,25ºC/min e de congelação -15ºC/min até -80ºC e -10ºC/min, até atingir -120ºC, quando as palhetas foram mergulhadas em N2 líquido (-196 ºC) e armazenadas em botijões criogênicos. Foram descongeladas duas palhetas de cada tratamento em banho-maria (37ºC por 30s). Uma amostra do sêmen foi diluída em formol salino para avaliação da morfologia espermática e outra em TALP sperm à concentração de 25x106sptz/mL. Logo após, uma amostra desta solução foi submetida à análise computadorizada do movimento espermático. As características analisadas foram: motilidade total (MTCA, %), motilidade progressiva (MPRO, %), velocidade progressiva (VSL, &#956;m/s), velocidade curvilinear (VCL, &#956;m/s), deslocamento lateral de cabeça (ALH, &#956;m) e freqüência de batimento flagelar (BCF, Hz). Em seguida, uma outra amostra foi avaliada quanto à integridade das membranas plasmática e acrossomal e o potencial de membrana mitocondrial, utilizando PI, JC-1 e FITC-PSA, por microscopia de epifluorescência. Foram determinados os percentuais de espermatozóides com membranas plasmáticas intactas (MPI), acrossomais intactas (MAI) e mitocondriais de alto potencial (APM) e membranas plasmática e acrossomal intactas e com alto potencial de membrana mitocondrial (PIAIA). Foi utilizada análise de variância (ANOVA) (p<0,05) e teste de médias SNK (p<0,05), pelo método SAS®. Não houve efeito da interação entre volume da palheta e concentração espermática para as características estudadas. As características do movimento espermático foram influenciadas pela concentração, de forma que C100>C200>C400, exceto em LIN e STR. O volume somente alterou os valores de STR e VCL. Quanto à integridade e funcionalidade das membranas, não houve efeito do volume, enquanto que as concentrações alteraram somente MPI (C100>C200>C400) e APM (C100=C200>C400). Na morfologia espermática, a concentração somente afetou a percentagem de cauda dobra ou enrolada (C100>C200=C400) e o volume de armazenamento somente as quantidades de cabeça isolada normal e patológica (0,50>0,25mL). Assim, o melhor método de congelação, neste experimento, foi em C100, seguido por C200 e por último C400, em ambos os volumes. Portanto, a qualidade seminal pós-descongelação está diretamente relacionada com a quantidade de agentes crioprotetores por unidade celular, independente do volume da palheta. / It has been known the advantages of cryopreserved semen utilization in equine reproduction, but the understanding of this biotechnology is uncertain yet. There was not agreement of the ideal spermatic dose and concentration to optimize fertility results. Thus this experiment had the objective to evaluate spermatic motion by computed analysis (CASA), spermatic morphology and the plasmatic and acrosomal membrane integrity and mitochondrial membrane potential with fluorescence probes of equine cryopreserved spermatozoa on 100, 200 and 400x106sptz/mL concentrations and 0.50 and 0.25mL volumes. Eight ejaculates from four stallions were collected in artificial vagina. The semen was diluted in skim-milk extender (1:1), centrifuged at 500xg for ten minutes, the supernatant was removed and the freezing extender Botu-Crio® was added in the pellet to a final concentrations of 100 (C100), 200 (C200) and 400x106sptz/mL (C400); after that, it was packed in 0.50 and 0.25mL straws. The cryopreservation of semen utilized an automatic system (TK3000®), with cooling slope -0.25°C/minute and freezing slope of -15°C/minute, until -80°C, and -10°C/minute, until -120°C, when the straws were plunged into liquid nitrogen (-196°C), and stored in cryogenics tank. They were thawed for 30s in a 37°C waterbath. A sample of semen was diluted in saline formol to morphology spermatic evaluation and another diluted in TALP sperm at 25x106sptz/mL. After, a sample was submitted to CASA evaluation. The analyzed characteristics were: total motility (TMCA, %), progressive motility (PROM, %), progressive velocity (VSL, µm/s), track speed (VCL, µm/s), beat cross frequency (BCF, Hz) and lateral amplitude of head (ALH, µm). Afterward, another sample was evaluated about plasmatic and acrosomal membranes integrity and mitochondrial potential membrane, using PI, JC-1 and FITC-PSA by epifluorescence microscope. It was determined the spermatozoa percentage with intact plasmatic membranes (IPM), intact acrosomal membranes (IAM), and high potential mitochondrial membrane (HPM) and intact plasmatic and acrosomal membranes and with high potential mitochondrial membrane (IPIAH). For statistical analysis were utilized variance analysis (ANOVA - p<0.05) and SNK test (p<0.05) with standard deviation, by SAS® system. There was not effect of straw volume and spermatic concentration interaction in the studied characteristics. The spermatic motion characteristics were influenced by concentration (C100>C200>C400), except LIN and STR. The volume changed the values of percentage of STR e VCL. In membrane integrity and functionality there was no volume effect, however the concentrations changed only IPM C100>C200>C400) e HPM (C100=C200>C400). In spermatic morphology, the concentration affected the percent of folded or coiled tail (C100>C200=C400) and the volume only affected the loose normal and abnormal head (0.50>0.25mL). Thus, the better freezing method, in this experiment, was C100, followed by C200, and C400, in both straws volumes. The seminal quality post-thawed is related with the cryoprotector quantity by cell, free of the straw volume.

Dados correntométricos obtidos com o emprego do \"Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler\" (ADCP) rebocado por um barco de pesquisa e dados hidrográficos quasesinóticos foram amostrados no Canal de São Sebastião (CSS) em seis cruzeiros realizados entre 2001 e 2006. Dados de vento de superfície para a Plataforma Continental Sudeste do Brasil (PCSE) obtidos pelo escaterômetro QuikSCAT também foram utilizados neste trabalho. O método da Análise Objetiva foi aplicado para a obtenção das distribuições horizontais e verticais de temperatura, salinidade, densidade, velocidade e vento. Os transportes de volume estimados para as quatro seções verticais dispostas radialmente no canal apresentaram condições de quase-continuidade ou descontinuidade entre seus valores cujas causas foram atribuídas principalmente à ocorrência de giros ciclônicos ou anticiclônicos na porção sul do CSS e à quase-sinopticidade da aquisição dos dados. Em 13/11/2002 foi obtido o maior valor para o transporte de volume no canal, de 18904m3 s1, associado aos ventos de SW, com direção para norte, enquanto que o menor valor calculado foi de -1959 m3 s1, em 27/07/2006, com movimentos para sul associado aos ventos oriundos de NE. Os giros foram observados somente na porção sul do canal. Esses giros eram ciclônicos associados aos ventos de NE e anticiclônicos quando os ventos sopraram de SW. O tempo de renovação das águas do CSS varia de 0,81 dias a 7,81 dias. Circulação em duas camadas e bidirecional, com movimentos superficiais para SW, forçados pelos ventos de NE, e movimentos profundos em direção para o norte do canal foram observados em 27/07/2006, 10/10/2006 e 14/12/2006. A Água Central do Atlântico Sul (ACAS) preencheu toda a camada de fundo do CSS em 14/12/2006, e neste dia ocorreu a ressurgência costeira com o afloramento da ACAS na superfície, na costa continental sul do CSS, associada aos ventos de NE/SE, que sopraram na PCSE entre os dias 8 e 14/12/2006. / Current data obtained using an \"Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler \" (ADCP) towed by a research boat and nearly synoptic hydrographic data were sampled in the São Sebastião Channel (SSC) during six cruises between 2001 and 2006. This study also uses ocean-surface wind fields for the South Brazil Bight (SBB) area derived from the QuikSCAT scatterometer. The method of objective analysis was applied to obtain the horizontal and vertical distributions of temperature, salinity, density, velocity and wind. The estimated along-channel volume transport for the four vertical sections arranged radially to the channel was almost continuous or discontinuous between their values, probably mainly caused by the occurrence of anticyclonic or cyclonic gyres in the southern portion of the SSC and almost synopticity in data acquisition. The calculated volume transport in the channel ranged from 18,904 m3 s1 on 13/11/2002 heading north forced by southwesterly winds, to -1,959m3 s1 on 27/07/2006 heading south forced by northeasterly winds. Gyres were observed only in the southern portion of the channel. These gyres were cyclonic during northeasterly winds and anticyclonic during southwesterly winds. The water renewal time of the SSC varies from 0.81 to 7.81 days. On 27/07/2006, 10/10/2006 and 14/12/2006, bidirectional circulation in two layers was observed, with surface currents heading SW, forced by northeasterly winds, and deep currents heading N. On 14/12/2006 the whole bottom layer of the SSC was filled with South Atlantic Central Water (SACW), and its coastal upwelling was observed at the southern continental coast of the channel, probably due to NE/SE winds that blew between 8/12/2006 and 14/12/2006.

La taille du fruit est un caractère agronomique important pour le rendement des espèces cultivées.Or, excepté chez la tomate, les mécanismes impliqués dans la variation de la taille des fruits charnus sont encore mal connus. L'objectif de ma thèse était d'identifier les principaux facteurs anatomiques impliqués dans la variation de la taille des baies, de réaliser des tests d'association génétique sur des gènes candidats et de rechercher des possibles traces de domestication liées à la variation de la taille des baies. Le nombre de cellules déjà déterminé dans l’ovaire avant l’anthèse et la capacité des cellules du mésocarpe à grossir après l’anthèse se sont révélés les principaux déterminants de la variation de la baie entre les variétés. Trois gènes potentiellement impliqués dans ce caractère ont été identifiés par des approches de génétique d'association. La MADS boxVvAGL11 est associée au nombre de pépins de la baie. VvHMGR1, une HMGR impliquée dans la synthèse des isoprénoïdes précurseurs de régulateurs de croissance, est associée à la longueur des baies. Enfin, VvJMJ un facteur de transcription de type jumonji est à la fois associé à la variation du poids et à la longueur des baies. La caractérisation du locus Fleshless berry (Flb) a également été poursuivie avec (i) l’analyse du polymorphisme de séquence de 69 fragments de gènes entre les vignes sauvages et cultivées, ce qui a permis l’identification d’un gène présentant une trace de sélection et une diversité nucléotidique plus élevée dans le compartiment sauvage que dans lecultivé. (ii) La mise en évidence d’une homozygotie complète d’une région de 1 Mb contenant le locus Flb chez certains cultivars comme l’Ugni Blanc, rendant impossible le clonage positionnel du gène dans la population F1. L’ensemble de ce travail a permis de mettre en évidence la complexité des mécanismes à l’origine de la variation de la taille de la baie chez la vigne. Nous avons montré la faisabilité des études de génétique d’association chez la vigne en utilisant des gènes candidats pour le poids de baies, et identifié les candidats les plus intéressants pour la sélection assistée par marqueurs et les études fonctionnelles ultérieures. / Fruit size is an important trait in fruit crops. However, excepted in tomato, little is known about the genetic and molecular control of fleshy fruit size variation. The aim of my thesis was to identify themain anatomical factors underlying berry size variation, to carry out an association genetics based approach with candidate genes and to search for possible signatures of domestication linked toberry size variation. Cell divisions before anthesis and cell expansion after anthesis were found tobe the major determinants of flesh weight variation between varieties in grapevine. Three geneswere identified by association genetics approaches. The VvAGL11 MADS box was found associated only with the seed number per berry. VvHMGR1, a putative HMGR involved in the synthesis of isoprenoid, a precursor of plant growth regulators, was found associated with berry length. Finally,VvJMJ encoding a putative transcription factor jumonji was associated both with berry weight andberry length variation. The characterization of the Fleshless berry locus (Flb) was also pursued with(i) the analysis of the sequence polymorphism of 69 regions between wild and cultivated grapevines,that leaded to the identification of one gene showing a trace of selection and a higher nucleotide diversity in the wild compartment than in the cultivated compartment. (ii) The discovery of acomplete homozygosity of a 1 Mb region containing the Flb locus in some cultivars such as theUgni Blanc, making impossible the fine mapping of the Flb locus in a F1 population. This study has highlighted the complexity of the mechanisms underlying the berry size variation in grapevines. We demonstrated the feasibility to screen in grapevine by association genetics candidate genes for berryweight and to select the most interesting ones for marker-assisted selection and for furtherfunctional studies.

<p>As the volumes are entering the world of computer graphics the pure volume visualisation becomes a more important tool in for example research and medical applications. But the advance in haptics --- force feedback from the computer --- is behind. In volume haptics no equal to the proxy method so popular in surface haptics has yet emerged. Some implementations of volume haptics even use surfaces as intermediate representations so that surface haptics can be used.</p><p>The intention of this work was to create natural feeling haptic feedback from volumetric density data using pure volume haptics. The haptic algorithm would be implemented in Reachin API for the Reachin Desktop Display, together with other parts to build up a usable volume visualisation environment.</p><p>To achieve the feeling of stiffness and friction dependent on tissue type, a proxy based method was developed. In the volume the proxy is constrained by virtual surfaces defined by the local gradient. This algorithm was implemented in a volume haptics node and for visualisation a volume renderer node was implemented. These nodes can be used to setup different volume visualisation environments using VRML.</p>

Many disorders are associated with regional brain volumes. The analysis of these volumes from MR images often requires sequential processing steps such as localization and delineation. It is common to perform volumetric normalization using intracranial volume (ICV, the total volume inside the cranial cavity) when comparing regional brain volumes, since head size varies considerably between individuals. Multiple methods for estimating ICV and procedures for volume normalization exist. A method for interhemispheric surface localization and extraction, using both intensity and symmetry information and without time consuming pre-processing, was developed. Evaluations of hemisphere division accuracy as well as suitability as a pre-processing step for interhemispheric structure localization were made. The performance of the method was comparable to that of methods focusing on either of these tasks, making it suited for use in many different studies. Automated ICV estimations from Freesurfer and SPM were evaluated using 399 reference segmentations. Both methods overestimated ICV and estimations using Freesurfer contained errors associated with skull-size. Estimations from SPM contained errors associated with gender and atrophy. An experiment showed that the choice of method can affect study results. Manual ICV estimation is very time consuming, but can be performed using only a subset of voxels in an image to increase speed and decrease manual labor. Segmenting every nth slice and stereology were evaluated in terms of required manual labor and estimation error, using the previously created ICV references. An illustration showing how much manual labor is required for a given estimation error using different combinations of n and stereology grid spacing was presented. Finally, different procedures for ICV normalization of regional brain volumes when investigating gender related volume differences were theoretically explained and evaluated using both simulated and real data. Resulting volume differences were seen to depend on the procedure used. A suggested workflow for procedure selection was presented. Methodological contributions that can aid the analysis of the human brain have been presented. The performed studies also contribute to the understanding of important methodological considerations for regional brain volume analysis.

Volume rendering is a research area within scientific visualisation, where images are computed from volumetric data sets for visual exploration. Such data sets are typically generated by Computer aided Tomography, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Positron Emission Tomography or gained from simulations. The data sets are usually interpreted using optical models that assign optical properties to the volume and define the illumination and shading behaviour. Volume rendering techniques may be divided into three classes: object-order, image-order or hybrid methods. Image-order or ray casting methods shoot rays from the view plane into the volume and simulate the variation of light intensities along those rays. Object-order techniques traverse the volume data set and project each volume element onto the view plane. Hybrid volume rendering techniques combine these two approaches. A very popular object-order rendering method is called splatting. This technique traverses the volume data set and projects the optical properties of each volume element onto the view plane. This thesis consists of two parts. The first part introduces two new splatting methods, collectively called high-resolution splatting, which are based on standard splatting. Both high-resolution splatting methods correct errors of splatting by applying major modifications. We propose the first method, called fast high-resolution splatting, as an alternative to standard splatting. It may be used for quick previewing, since it is faster than standard splatting and the resulting images are significantly sharper. Our second method, called complete high-resolution splatting, improves the volume reconstruction, which results in images that are very close to those produced by ray casting methods. The second part of the thesis incorporates wavelet analysis into high-resolution splatting. Wavelet analysis is a mathematical theory that decomposes volumes into multi-resolution hierarchies, which may be used to find coherence within volumes. The combination of wavelets with the high-resolution splatting method has the two advantages. Firstly the extended splatting method, called high-resolution wavelet splatting, can be directly applied to wavelet transformed volume data sets without performing an inverse transform. Secondly when visualising wavelet compressed volumes, only a small fraction of the wavelet coefficients need to be projected. For all three versions of the new high-resolution splatting method, complexity analyses, comprehensive error and performance analyses as well as implementation details are discussed.

Volume rendering is a research area within scientific visualisation, where images are computed from volumetric data sets for visual exploration. Such data sets are typically generated by Computer aided Tomography, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Positron Emission Tomography or gained from simulations. The data sets are usually interpreted using optical models that assign optical properties to the volume and define the illumination and shading behaviour. Volume rendering techniques may be divided into three classes: object-order, image-order or hybrid methods. Image-order or ray casting methods shoot rays from the view plane into the volume and simulate the variation of light intensities along those rays. Object-order techniques traverse the volume data set and project each volume element onto the view plane. Hybrid volume rendering techniques combine these two approaches. A very popular object-order rendering method is called splatting. This technique traverses the volume data set and projects the optical properties of each volume element onto the view plane. This thesis consists of two parts. The first part introduces two new splatting methods, collectively called high-resolution splatting, which are based on standard splatting. Both high-resolution splatting methods correct errors of splatting by applying major modifications. We propose the first method, called fast high-resolution splatting, as an alternative to standard splatting. It may be used for quick previewing, since it is faster than standard splatting and the resulting images are significantly sharper. Our second method, called complete high-resolution splatting, improves the volume reconstruction, which results in images that are very close to those produced by ray casting methods. The second part of the thesis incorporates wavelet analysis into high-resolution splatting. Wavelet analysis is a mathematical theory that decomposes volumes into multi-resolution hierarchies, which may be used to find coherence within volumes. The combination of wavelets with the high-resolution splatting method has the two advantages. Firstly the extended splatting method, called high-resolution wavelet splatting, can be directly applied to wavelet transformed volume data sets without performing an inverse transform. Secondly when visualising wavelet compressed volumes, only a small fraction of the wavelet coefficients need to be projected. For all three versions of the new high-resolution splatting method, complexity analyses, comprehensive error and performance analyses as well as implementation details are discussed.

Volume rendering is a research area within scientific visualisation, where images are computed from volumetric data sets for visual exploration. Such data sets are typically generated by Computer aided Tomography, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Positron Emission Tomography or gained from simulations. The data sets are usually interpreted using optical models that assign optical properties to the volume and define the illumination and shading behaviour. Volume rendering techniques may be divided into three classes: object-order, image-order or hybrid methods. Image-order or ray casting methods shoot rays from the view plane into the volume and simulate the variation of light intensities along those rays. Object-order techniques traverse the volume data set and project each volume element onto the view plane. Hybrid volume rendering techniques combine these two approaches. A very popular object-order rendering method is called splatting. This technique traverses the volume data set and projects the optical properties of each volume element onto the view plane. This thesis consists of two parts. The first part introduces two new splatting methods, collectively called high-resolution splatting, which are based on standard splatting. Both high-resolution splatting methods correct errors of splatting by applying major modifications. We propose the first method, called fast high-resolution splatting, as an alternative to standard splatting. It may be used for quick previewing, since it is faster than standard splatting and the resulting images are significantly sharper. Our second method, called complete high-resolution splatting, improves the volume reconstruction, which results in images that are very close to those produced by ray casting methods. The second part of the thesis incorporates wavelet analysis into high-resolution splatting. Wavelet analysis is a mathematical theory that decomposes volumes into multi-resolution hierarchies, which may be used to find coherence within volumes. The combination of wavelets with the high-resolution splatting method has the two advantages. Firstly the extended splatting method, called high-resolution wavelet splatting, can be directly applied to wavelet transformed volume data sets without performing an inverse transform. Secondly when visualising wavelet compressed volumes, only a small fraction of the wavelet coefficients need to be projected. For all three versions of the new high-resolution splatting method, complexity analyses, comprehensive error and performance analyses as well as implementation details are discussed.

Volume rendering is a research area within scientific visualisation, where images are computed from volumetric data sets for visual exploration. Such data sets are typically generated by Computer aided Tomography, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Positron Emission Tomography or gained from simulations. The data sets are usually interpreted using optical models that assign optical properties to the volume and define the illumination and shading behaviour. Volume rendering techniques may be divided into three classes: object-order, image-order or hybrid methods. Image-order or ray casting methods shoot rays from the view plane into the volume and simulate the variation of light intensities along those rays. Object-order techniques traverse the volume data set and project each volume element onto the view plane. Hybrid volume rendering techniques combine these two approaches. A very popular object-order rendering method is called splatting. This technique traverses the volume data set and projects the optical properties of each volume element onto the view plane. This thesis consists of two parts. The first part introduces two new splatting methods, collectively called high-resolution splatting, which are based on standard splatting. Both high-resolution splatting methods correct errors of splatting by applying major modifications. We propose the first method, called fast high-resolution splatting, as an alternative to standard splatting. It may be used for quick previewing, since it is faster than standard splatting and the resulting images are significantly sharper. Our second method, called complete high-resolution splatting, improves the volume reconstruction, which results in images that are very close to those produced by ray casting methods. The second part of the thesis incorporates wavelet analysis into high-resolution splatting. Wavelet analysis is a mathematical theory that decomposes volumes into multi-resolution hierarchies, which may be used to find coherence within volumes. The combination of wavelets with the high-resolution splatting method has the two advantages. Firstly the extended splatting method, called high-resolution wavelet splatting, can be directly applied to wavelet transformed volume data sets without performing an inverse transform. Secondly when visualising wavelet compressed volumes, only a small fraction of the wavelet coefficients need to be projected. For all three versions of the new high-resolution splatting method, complexity analyses, comprehensive error and performance analyses as well as implementation details are discussed.