Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-15T11:46:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 804145 bytes, checksum: 80e03dda4533d0039f991cc668ca2c87 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-08-10 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / We consider a dynamical one-dimensional nonlinear Von Kármán model for beams depending on the parameter " > 0 and we study their asymptotic behavior for t large, when " ! 0. Introducing appropriate damping mechanisms we show that the energy of solutions of the corresponding damped models decay exponential uniform with respect to the parameter ". In order for this to be true the damping mechanism has to have the appropriate scale with respect to ". In the limit as " ! 0 we obtain damped Berger- Timoshenko beam model for which the energy tends exponentially to zero. This is done both in the case of internal and boundary damping . / Consideramos a dinâmica unidimensional não linear do modelo de Von Kármán para vigas dependendo de um parâmetro " > 0, e estudamos o seu comportamento assintótico para t grande, quando " ! 0. Introduzindo mecanismos adequados de amortecimento, mostramos que a energia de soluções do correspondente modelo amortecido possui decaimento exponencial uniforme com respeito ao parâmetro ". Afim de que seja verdadeiro, o mecanismo de amortecimento tem que ter a escala apropriada em relação a ". No limite, quando " ! 0 obtemos o modelo de Berger-Timoshenko para viga amortecida, bem como quando a energia tende exponencialmente para zero. Isso é feito tanto no caso de amortecimento interno e na fronteira.

De virvelgator som bildas i atmosfären bakom höga berg på öar påminner till utseendet starkt om de periodiska flöden som uppstår vid strömning kring en cirkulär cylinder. Friktionen mellan fluiden och cylinderns yta gör att det bildas en vak nedströms cylindern. Periodisk virvelspridning där von Kármán-virvlar sänds ut kan uppstå. Utifrån Reynolds tal går det att karaktärisera strömningen och med hjälp av en numerisk modell kan tillstånden simuleras. Saknas en turbulensmodell i algoritmen blir resultaten för höga Reynolds tal felaktiga. De atmosfäriska virvelgatorna uppstår dock inte på grund av friktion. Istället krävs blockering av luftmassor och variationer i densitet för att virvlarna ska utvecklas. För att dra slutsatser om de atmosfäriska virvelgatorna har 11 satellitbilder med virvelgator analyserats. Sambandet λ = 3.9b-5.3 (förklaringsgrad r2 = 0.91) hittades mellan virvelgatans våglängd λ och bredden b på ön. Kvoten λ/b beräknades till medelvärdet 4.33 vilket är jämförbart med resultat från en liknande studie. / The visual appearance of the atmospheric vortex street behind a high mountain on an island is very similar to the periodic pattern caused by the flow past a circular cylinder. The friction between the fluid and the surface of the cylinder creates a wake downstream of the cylinder and periodic von Kármán vortex shedding occurs. The flow may be characterized by means of the Reynolds number and using a numerical model the different states can be simulated. If the algorithm lacks a turbulence model, the results for high Reynolds numbers will be wrong. The atmospheric vortex streets do not, however, arise due to friction. Instead, blocking of air masses and density variations are needed for the vortices to develop. To be able to draw conclusions about atmospheric vortex streets 11 satellite images showing the vortex streets have been analyzed. The relation λ = 3.9b-5.3 (coefficient of determination r2 = 0.91) was found, where λ is the wavelength of the vortex street and b the width of the island. The mean value of the ratio λ/b is 4.33 which is comparable with results from a similar study.

To predict fluid properties and interactions is an important task for the industry. It is plagued, however, by being close to impossible to predict analytically. Hence, it is customary to turn to numerical solutions. This in itself comes with many different methods and approaches suitable for different needs. This work focuses on two methods: Tip Vortex Index (TVI) and Diffused Vortex Hydrodynamics (DVH). TVI is a method to predict when a marine propeller will experience cavitation of tip vortices and is based on calculations from a Boundary Element Method (BEM). DVH is a particle method for simulating the circulation of a fluid in two dimensions and three dimensions. The aim is to investigate an implemented TVI model based on MPUF-3A for different marine propeller series, with different sub-designs for a total of 28 unique propellers, and implement the DVH method and test it for 3 different bodies. The results of this thesis show that the implemented TVI model is non-functional for the 28 different propellers, but the DVH method is successfully implemented and able to handle 2 different bodies. / Att förutspå fluid egenskaper och interaktioner är en viktig uppgift för industrin. Det plågas dock av att vara näst intil omöjligt att förutspå analytiskt. Det är därför vanligt att vända sig till numeriska lösningar. Detta kommer i sig med många olika metoder och tillvägagångssätt som passar olika behov. Detta arbete fokuserar på två metoder: Tip Vortex Index (TVI) och Diffused Vortex Hydrodynamics (DVH). TVI är en metod för att förutsäga när en marin propeller kommer att uppleva kavitation av spetsvirvlar och baseras på beräkningar från en Boundary Element Method (BEM). DVH är en partikelmetod för att simulera cirkulationen i fluid i två dimensioner och tre dimensioner. Syftet är att undersöka en implementerad TVI-modell baserad på MPUF-3A för olika marina propellerserier, med olika underdesigner, för totalt 28 unika propellrar, och implementera DVH-metoden och testa den för 3 olika kroppar. Resultaten av denna avhandling visar att den implementerade TVI-modellen är icke-funktionell för de 28 olika propellrarna, men DVH-metoden är framgångsrikt implementerad och kan hantera 2 olika kroppar

Assim como um peixe pode aproveitar a energia dos vórtices formados por uma rocha em uma corredeira para economizar energia e produzir impulso, este trabalho tem por objetivo mostrar que os vórtices de von Kármán ou esteira de vórtices, desprendidos de um corpo cilíndrico colocado em um escoamento contínuo, com uma placa de um determinado comprimento, posicionada atrás desse corpo cilíndrico e com movimentos livres na horizontal, pode vibrar e produzir movimentos rotacionais, e por fim, uma frequência, com o objetivo de se aproveitar esse movimento para geração de energia. Para tanto, utilizou-se software CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamic), para observar e quantificar os movimentos produzidos pela placa. Observou-se também, entre três comprimentos de placa, com três velocidades diferentes, três números de Reynolds diferentes e com escoamentos laminar e turbulento, como as placas se comportam e qual delas produz movimento com maior frequência. Buscou-se também verificar a eficiência do movimento para números de Strouhal menores e iguais a 0,21. / Just as a fish can harness the energy of the vortices formed by a rock in the rapids to save energy and produce impulse this paper aims to show that the von Kármán vortex or wake vortex, detached from a cylindrical body placed in a flow continuous with a plate of a certain length, positioned behind this cylindrical body and freely moving horizontally, may vibrate and produce rotational movements, and finally, a frequency, in order to take advantage of this movement to generate power. Therefore, we used CFD software (Computational Fluid Dynamic), to observe and quantify the movements produced by the board. It was also observed between three plate lengths with three different velocities, three different Reynolds numbers and laminar and turbulent flow as the plates behave and which one produces motion with higher frequency. It sought to verify the efficiency of movement to lower Strouhal numbers and equal to 0.21.

Assim como um peixe pode aproveitar a energia dos vórtices formados por uma rocha em uma corredeira para economizar energia e produzir impulso, este trabalho tem por objetivo mostrar que os vórtices de von Kármán ou esteira de vórtices, desprendidos de um corpo cilíndrico colocado em um escoamento contínuo, com uma placa de um determinado comprimento, posicionada atrás desse corpo cilíndrico e com movimentos livres na horizontal, pode vibrar e produzir movimentos rotacionais, e por fim, uma frequência, com o objetivo de se aproveitar esse movimento para geração de energia. Para tanto, utilizou-se software CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamic), para observar e quantificar os movimentos produzidos pela placa. Observou-se também, entre três comprimentos de placa, com três velocidades diferentes, três números de Reynolds diferentes e com escoamentos laminar e turbulento, como as placas se comportam e qual delas produz movimento com maior frequência. Buscou-se também verificar a eficiência do movimento para números de Strouhal menores e iguais a 0,21. / Just as a fish can harness the energy of the vortices formed by a rock in the rapids to save energy and produce impulse this paper aims to show that the von Kármán vortex or wake vortex, detached from a cylindrical body placed in a flow continuous with a plate of a certain length, positioned behind this cylindrical body and freely moving horizontally, may vibrate and produce rotational movements, and finally, a frequency, in order to take advantage of this movement to generate power. Therefore, we used CFD software (Computational Fluid Dynamic), to observe and quantify the movements produced by the board. It was also observed between three plate lengths with three different velocities, three different Reynolds numbers and laminar and turbulent flow as the plates behave and which one produces motion with higher frequency. It sought to verify the efficiency of movement to lower Strouhal numbers and equal to 0.21.

Le décrochage profond est un cas particulier du décrochage d’un avion, où l'empennage horizontal est entièrement situé dans le sillage décollé de la voilure principale. Le plan perd ainsi son efficacité, ce qui se traduit par une position d'équilibre en tangage stable, à une incidence élevée, dont il est impossible de sortir par une manœuvre simple. L’objectif de cette étude est de caractériser l’aérodynamique associée à ce phénomène et de proposer une procédure d’identification et de récupération. Il est proposé une démarche visant à déterminer la dynamique bidimensionnelle de l’écoulement autour d’une configuration aéronautique de référence. Les coefficients aérodynamiques, obtenus dans une large plage d’incidence, mettent en évidence l’effet de l’interaction entre les profils sur le décrochage, qui impacte principalement le profil aval. L’analyse des champs de vitesse fournit l’étendue et l’évolution axiale des sillages des profils. Un traitement des champs de vitesse par moyennes de phase permet de reconstruire la dynamique temporelle. À partir de ces résultats, un modèle potentiel de forçage de l’écoulement autour du profil aval permet d’expliquer la modification du coefficient de portance imposé par l’interaction. Des simulations numériques de l’écoulement, qui fournissent des champs résolus en temps, permettent de retrouver certaines évolutions expérimentales. L’ensemble des résultats est utilisé, en parallèle à des données issues d’un aéronef réel, dans un modèle de vol longitudinal afin d’analyser le comportement dynamique de l’avion. Des critères permettant d’identifier la dynamique qui conduit à cet équilibre, fournissent une détection précoce de ce dernier. / Deep stall is a specific type of airplane stall, in which the horizontal tail is inside the detached wake of the main wing. The tail loses its efficiency, leading to a stable pitching equilibrium position with a high angle-of-attack, without any easy recovery procedure. The aim of the study is to characterize the aerodynamic associated to that phenomenon in order to propose an identification and recovery procedure. The approach consists in a two-dimensional flow characterization based on an aeronautical reference configuration. Aerodynamic coefficients, obtained for a wide range of angles-of-attack, show the interaction between the airfoils on the stall of the downstream airfoil. The analysis of velocity fields gives the width and the axial development of the airfoils wakes. Phase-averages of velocity fields lead to the synthesis of flow time-development. With these results, a potential model of flow forcing on the downstream airfoil explains the lift coefficient alteration imposed by the interaction. Flow numerical simulations, giving time-resolved fields, provide good accordance with experimental developments .The whole set of results is used, concurrently with real aircraft data, inside a longitudinal flight model in order to analyze the airplane dynamical behavior. Criteria for the identification of the dynamic leading to that equilibrium provide a rapid detection of deep stall and the implementation of a recovery strategy.

This thesis presents a complete method of modeling the autospectra of turbulence in closed form via an expansion series using the von Kármán model as a basis function. It is capable of modeling turbulence in all three directions of fluid flow: longitudinal, lateral, and vertical, separately, thus eliminating the assumption of homogeneous, isotropic flow. A thorough investigation into the expansion series is presented, with the strengths and weaknesses highlighted. Furthermore, numerical aspects and theoretical derivations are provided. This method is then tested against three highly complex flow fields: wake turbulence inside wind farms, helicopter downwash, and helicopter downwash coupled with turbulence shed from a ship superstructure. These applications demonstrate that this method is remarkably robust, that the developed autospectral models are virtually tailored to the design of white noise driven shaping filters, and that these models in closed form facilitate a greater understanding of complex flow fields in wind engineering. / Includes bibliography. / Thesis (M.S.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2013.

Beams are among the most commonly used structural members that are encountered in virtually all systems of structural design at various scales. Mathematical models used to determine the response of beams under external loads are deduced from the three-dimensional elasticity theory through a series of assumptions concerning the kinematics of deformation and constitutive behavior. The kinematic assumptions exploit the fact that such structures do not experience significant trans- verse normal and shear strains and stresses. For example, the solution of the three- dimensional elasticity problem associated with a straight beam is reformulated as a one-dimensional problem in terms of displacements whose form is presumed on the basis of an educated guess concerning the nature of the deformation. In many cases beam structures are subjected to compressive in-plane loads that may cause out-of-plane buckling of the beam. Typically, before buckling and during compression, the beam develops internal axial force that makes the beam stiffer. In the linear buckling analysis of beams, this internal force is not considered. As a result the buckling loads predicted by the linear analysis are not accurate. The present study is motivated by lack of suitable theory and analysis that considers the nonlinear effects on the buckling response of beams. This thesis contains three new developments: (1) the conventional beam theories are generalized by accounting for nonlinear terms arising from εzz and εxz that are of the same magnitude as the von K´arm´an nonlinear strains appearing in εxx. The equations of motion associated with the generalized Euler–Bernoulli and Timoshenko beam theories with the von K´arm´an type geometric nonlinear strains are derived using Hamilton’s principle. These equations form the basis of investigations to determine certain microstructural length scales on the bending, vibration and buckling response of beams used in micro- and nano-devices. (2) Analytical solutions of the conventional Timoshenko beam theory with the von K´arm´an nonlinearity are de- veloped for the case where the inplane inertia is negligible when compared to other terms in the equations of motion. Numerical results are presented to bring out the effect of transverse shear deformation on the buckling response. (3) The development of a nonlinear finite element model for post-buckling behavior of beams.

Yes / Seeking efficient solutions to nonlinear boundary value problems is a crucial challenge in the mathematical modelling of many physical phenomena. A well-known example of this is solving the Biharmonic equation relating to numerous problems in fluid and solid mechanics. One must note that, in general, it is challenging to solve such boundary value problems due to the higher-order partial derivatives in the differential operators. An artificial neural network is thought to be an intelligent system that learns by example. Therefore, a well-posed mathematical problem can be solved using such a system. This paper describes a mesh free method based on a suitably crafted deep neural network architecture to solve a class of well-posed nonlinear boundary value problems. We show how a suitable deep neural network architecture can be constructed and trained to satisfy the associated differential operators and the boundary conditions of the nonlinear problem. To show the accuracy of our method, we have tested the solutions arising from our method against known solutions of selected boundary value problems, e.g., comparison of the solution of Biharmonic equation arising from our convolutional neural network subject to the chosen boundary conditions with the corresponding analytical/numerical solutions. Furthermore, we demonstrate the accuracy, efficiency, and applicability of our method by solving the well known thin plate problem and the Navier-Stokes equation.

Les nuisances sonores sont devenues une importante préoccupation environnementale. L'accroissement des exigences de confort et le durcissement des réglementations européennes et mondiales ont rendu la réduction du bruit aérodynamique des turbomachines un enjeu primordial pour plusieurs industries. Ce travail a pour objectif principal le développement d'outils de modélisation de la composante à large bande du bruit des ventilateurs de façon à l'intégrer comme critère d'optimisation dès leur phase de conception. L'étude est concentrée sur les deux sources reconnues pour leurs contributions significatives dans le bruit rayonné : l'interaction des pales avec l'écoulement turbulent amont et la diffraction de la couche limite turbulente au niveau du bord de fuite. Dans un premier temps, une approche reposant sur la formulation analytique d'Amiet pour la prédiction du bruit d'un profil isolé disposé dans un écoulement turbulent est mise en oeuvre. L'effet de l'épaisseur n'est pas pris en compte dans la formulation initiale d'Amiet. Une correction gaussienne a été proposée sur la base des travaux de Gershfeld améliorant ainsi considérablement les résultats de calculs. Une extension vers la turbomachine est ensuite proposée et validée expérimentalement. Un ventilateur axial est disposé à l'amont de différents écoulements incidents turbulents générés par cinq dispositifs de contrôle de turbulence. La turbulence incidente est caractérisée par le modèle spectral de von Kármán à partir des mesures à fils chauds. La confrontation des spectres de puissance acoustique calculés à ceux mesurés donne un accord satisfaisant sur une large bande fréquentielle audible. Dans la deuxième partie, une modélisation hybride combinant des Simulations des Grandes Echelles avec une solution intégrale dans le domaine temporel de l'analogie de Ffowcs Willimas & Hawkings est développée. Une validation complétée par une étude des erreurs numériques du code acoustique développé sur la base de la formulation intégrale 1A de Farassat avec une surface perméable de Di Francescontonio a été réalisée. Les simulations LES bidimensionnelles de l'écoulement turbulent autour d'un profil ont reproduit la transition de la couche limite turbulente et le détachement tourbillonnaire au bord de fuite. L'analyse des spectres de pression pariétale a révélé que l écoulement amont a un important effet sur les fluctuations de pression pariétale et leurs localisations.