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Liability for negligent conduct in a heterogeneous society with reference to South African and German criminal lawGrant, Evadne 26 September 2023 (has links) (PDF)
The study of criminal law by lawyers has traditionally been confined to a consideration of general principles of criminal law and of specific crimes, the material or substantive criminal law.
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The West Indies Federation and its FailureChen, Doreen January 1964 (has links)
No description available.
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Reducing damages claims for beneficial events : comparative thoughts in German civil law and common lawWolff, Ulrich Hermann. January 1987 (has links)
No description available.
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Public Attitudes, Knowledge and Practices on West Nile VirusEichler, Elizabeth Ann January 2011 (has links)
Objective: To develop an original survey on public attitudes, knowledge and practices on West Nile Virus (WNV), mosquitoes, and pesticides. We sought to gain insight on what personal protective behaviors (PPBs) are used by the public and whether the public is supportive of pesticide use in combating the threat of WNV. An effective WNV control program must take into account the public's attitudes regarding PPBs and what would influence their use of PPBs. The survey findings will be used to develop a new educational plan for the West Nile Virus Surveillance and Control Program of Delaware County. We sought to determine if knowledge and concern about one's personal risk of contracting WNV were driving forces in one's use of PPBs and support of pesticide use. Results: The sample population was highly informed on WNV and used many PPBs. Knowledge of WNV and concern about contracting WNV were not significant predictors of PPB use or pesticide support. However, odds ratios indicate an increased odds of being in the high PPB group with increasing knowledge. Knowing someone who has or has had WNV was a factor in PPB use, although the outcome of WNV infection is rarely reported. Older age predicted greater PPB use while higher education predicted a lack of support for pesticide use. Conclusion: Future surveys of the public knowledge will need to reach a more diverse population than that of the current study. It appears that many people are using PPBs despite not believing in their efficacy at preventing mosquito bites and WNV. Future studies should seek to identify what is motivating people to use these PPBs, besides knowledge of WNV and concern for their health. / Public Health
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Feeding behaviour of ahermatypic coralsAldridge, Andrew Jackson January 1976 (has links)
No description available.
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Reimagining an American City where People without a House can SubsistHussain, Mohammad Sabbir 20 January 2023 (has links)
Houselessness is a prevalent issue in America's major cities. In large cities such as Washington, D.C., it is common to see people living on the streets and in public spaces. The underlying causes of houselessness are multifaceted, but it is evident that the city does not provide appropriate resources for these individuals to exist humanely. This study aims to comprehend the primary needs of a houseless person and determine how urban design solutions might provide resources to address those needs. For the investigation, SW Washington, DC's waterfront neighborhood was chosen. In its urban fabric, numerous unused or underutilized spaces have been observed. These spaces have the potential to be transformed into urban places that could make the city more supportive to the population without houses. A number of such resources have been identified. Several survey methods, such as non-participatory observation, and traffic and pedestrian counts, were utilized to obtain primary data for the research. In addition, diverse data sources, such as GIS data, journals, books, podcasts, television interviews, and website content, were consulted to obtain secondary data. Collected data was studied and synthesized to develop urban design ideas that can aid unsheltered individuals with their daily needs and make the city more hospitable. This research is not intended to solve the issue of homelessness in American cities; rather, it aims to highlight the needs of those impacted and propose possible intervention strategies in conjunction with other social services and design solutions (i.e., traditional shelters, traditional housing). The study also provides a brief overview of the causes of houselessness in the United States and an investigation into the lives of people living unsheltered. The outcome will give policymakers an understanding of how a city can facilitate its unfortunate residents. / Master of Science / Housing is a fundamental need for all people. What occurs when an individual loses their home and becomes houseless? He or she investigates potential alternatives. The alternatives can include a hotel or motel, a friend's or relative's house, a homeless shelter, and in desperate situations, a tent inside the city. This study primarily focuses on the houseless individuals who could not find any housing and sought out services in the city that a house provides. This study used the SW waterfront neighborhood of Washington, DC, as a study area and demonstrated the design of places within this city fabric that may lessen the challenges a houseless person may encounter. The study outcome proposes services like restrooms, shaded parking, cooking places, and places to lie down in various parts of the city. If implemented, it is expected that the city's fabric will be more hospitable to its unfortunate houseless citizens.
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Lichen flora of the West Yorkshire conurbation - Supplement VII (1999-2004)Seaward, Mark R.D., Henderson, A., Hitch, C.J.B January 2005 (has links)
Yes
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East to West.Rashid, M. Ali, Parker, T. 30 November 2009 (has links)
No
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Factors Affecting Grapevine Establishment in Northern Production RegionsStenger, John Edward January 2011 (has links)
Two experiments were conducted to detect differences in growth and cold hardiness during establishment of northern grown wine grapevines. One experiment tested the use of four grow tube treatments and two pruning levels on vine establishment in the upper Midwest. The variables included leaf area, stem height, root growth, phenology, and hardiness. Overall, few significant differences occurred among treatments where grow tubes were utilized. In the second season, vines without grow tubes had superior measurements in nearly all leaf area categories. For this reason, it is recommended that growers refrain from grow tube use during establishment in northern growing regions. Vines pruned to three buds after transplanting varied little from those without pruning. For this reason, it is recommended that growers utilize the most efficient early pruning strategy for their particular situation. Another experiment was conducted to determine the effectiveness of different weed control measures. This experiment compared three kinds of mulches and an herbicide treatment on the growth and establishment of four wine grape varieties. Annual weed control, plant growth, phenology, soil water content and temperature, and vine hardiness were measured. Overall, vines receiving mulch had more consistent annual weed control and reduced early season growth when compared to chemically treated vines. For this reason, mulch is recommended in the vineyard for annual weed control during establishment in situations where vigor is not unacceptably low.
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Cattle and veld interactions at the Armoedsvlakte Research Station.Le Roux, Gustav Nic. January 2011 (has links)
A long-term grazing trial was started in 1977 at Armoedsvlakte Research Station, about 10km
west of Vryburg, in Tarchonanthus veld of the Ghaap’s Plateau, which is a variation of the
Kalahari Thornveld veld type. The main aim of this study was to use the extensive veld condition
and animal production data set to investigate the effects and interactions of stocking rate, grazing
system applied and seasonal rainfall on veld condition and cattle production. The grazing trial
has changed three times since its inception resulting in three different phases.
The main changes in veld condition during phase one (1977-1991) was due to density
independent effects (e.g. seasonal rainfall) and not density dependent effects (e.g. stocking rate).
A major change occurred in 1985 following a multiple year drought. The drought resulted in
adverse changes in species composition, basal cover and residual biomass of all treatments. The
system did not recover from the drought during phase one, despite well above mean seasonal
rainfall for a number of years after the drought.
During phase two (1992-1999) and phase three (2000 to present) completely different vegetation
dynamics occurred than what was experienced during phase one. Density dependent effects (e.g.
stocking rate) were more important in explaining variation in veld condition during these two
phases. High stocking rates resulted in adverse changes in species composition, poor basal cover
and a low residual biomass production. It is however important to note that seasonal rainfall did
explain a significant additional amount of variation in veld condition. This suggests that a
continuum of non-equilibrium and equilibrium vegetation dynamics occurred in these two
phases.
The residual biomass and seasonal rainfall model for phase one indicate completely different
results for the gain per animal data. In the seasonal rainfall model, stocking rate does not have a
significant effect on gain per animal, but seasonal rainfall and the interaction of stocking rate
with seasonal rainfall explains most of the variation in gain per animal. This suggest a continuum
of non-equilibrium and equilibrium dynamics and that animal production is more sensitive to
seasonal rainfall than to stocking rate, although the significant interaction of stocking rate with
seasonal rainfall suggest that the seasonal rainfall effect on animal production is dependant on
stocking rate.
The residual biomass model however indicates that stocking rate is more important than rainfall
in explaining variation in the mass gains per animal. The stocking rate effect on gain per animal
was significant and indicated that as stocking rate increased, that gain per animal decreases.
Seasonal rainfall and the interaction of stocking rate with seasonal rainfall had no significant
effect on gain per animal.
The amount of variation explained by the seasonal rainfall model was larger than the residual
biomass model and this indicates that rainfall explains more variation in gain per animal, than
residual biomass does. This possibly indicates that non-equilibrium effects are stronger than the
equilibrium effects, but it is important to notice that stocking rate had a significant effect in some
cases.
The gain per hectare models (seasonal rainfall and residual biomass) for phase one indicates that
stocking rate has a significant effect on gain per hectare. Increasing stocking rates resulted in
higher gain per hectare, which suggests that the turning point of the typical “Jones and Sandland
model” has not been reached and this might be due to light stocking rates applied during the
duration of phase one. The seasonal rainfall model however has significant effects of seasonal
rainfall and interactions of stocking rate with seasonal rainfall on gain per hectare. This suggests
that the effect of stocking rate is dependent on seasonal rainfall and that seasonal rainfall explain
an additional amount of variation in gain per hectare.
In general, it appreared that the optimal stocking rate for animal production was higher than
those applied during the duration of the trial, but this is due to lower than planned actual stocking
rates applied during all three phases of the trial. It is very difficult to determine a generic optimal
stocking rate for different rainfall volumes and it is recommended that the actual stocking rate
for different ecological zones be determined based on rainfall, biomass, species compos[i]tion,
basal cover and available browse and not just on the provisional recommendations.
The type of grazing system applied did not show any statistically significant effects on both gain
per animal and gain per hectare for the animal production data during phase one. This result is
interesting and contradictive to most of the scientific literature where some authors concluded
from their studies that rotational grazing systems produce higher animal production than
continuous grazing systems, whereas others researchers state that continuous grazing systems
produce higher animal production than rotational grazing systems.
In phase two both the residual biomass and seasonal rainfall models for phase two did not show
any significant effects and interactions of stocking rate, seasonal rainfall level and/or residual
biomass on both gain per animal and gain per hectare.
Both the residual biomass and seasonal rainfall models for phase three did not show any
significant effects and interactions of stocking rate, seasonal rainfall level and/or residual
biomass on animal gains per animal. The seasonal rainfall model did not show any any
significant effects and interactions of stocking rate, seasonal rainfall level and/or residual
biomass on animal gains per hectare. However, the residual biomass model indicated that
stocking rate had a significant effect on gain per hectare and the production closely followed the
Jones and Sandland (1974) model as at low stocking rates, gain per hectare increases at a rapid
rate, but as stocking rates increases to high stocking rates, the rate of increase in gain per hectare
declines, until it eventually reaches a turning point, where after gain per hectare declines with
increasing stocking rates.
Stocking rate only had a significant effect on the condition score of cows during phase two and
phase three, as high stocking rates resulted in poor animal condition in both phases. No
significant effects and interactions of stocking rate and seasonal rainfall were indicated on
calving percentage, weaning percentage, conception rates and percentage of desirable meat
produced during phase two. / Thesis (M.Sc.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, [2011].
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