Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / ABSTRACT Dustin Graves ASSESSING THE ROLE OF GEOLOGIC SETTING ON THE HYDROLOGY AND GROUND WATER GEOCHEMISTRY OF FENS IN THE GLACIATED MIDWESTERN UNITED STATES A water quality investigation of several fens located in the temperate glaciated Midwestern United States, near the southern limit of fen occurrence, was conducted to assess the role of geologic setting on the hydrogeochemical signature of fens and to compare hydrogeochemistry of fens located in different geographic and geologic settings. The five studied fens, located in the Central Till Plain physiographic region of Indiana, receive ground water sourced from glacial tills with very similar petrologic composition. These wetlands are hydrogeomorphically classified as slope wetlands with dominant ground water input. More specifically, these sites are inter-till / intra-till type fens (Type Ia and Ib) or outwash terrace type fens (Type II). Shallow ground water was collected just prior to surface interception (source water), and again after discharging into each fen (fen water) and measured for a suite of cations (Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, Na+) and anions (HCO3- SO42-, NO3-, NO2-, PO43-, and Cl-). Fen water hydroperiods showed similar dynamics, despite some variation in the hydrologic input of these systems (source water). Central Indiana fens are recognized as Ca2+, Mg2+, and HCO3- dominated systems. Fen water showed substantial evolution from source water at each study site, evidently the result of carbonate and gypsum dissolution dynamics. However, when only fen water is analyzed, results suggest that ground water of the southern fens represents geochemical similarity, with the exception of anthropogenic influence. The greatest geochemical variation among central Indiana fens can be attributed to Na+ and Cl-, which has been linked to road salt contamination at two of the study sites. This hydrogeochemical study also reveals that fens (slope wetlands) within this particular geologic setting of central Indiana show strong geochemical similarities to fens located throughout the temperate Northern Hemisphere. However, statistical analyses provide evidence that the parameters of Ca2+, HCO3-, and SO42- account for the greatest variation among these wetland communities, suggesting that calcium carbonate and gypsum dissolution dynamics are primarily fen specific while other parameters remain relatively homogenous across a wide geographical range. Lenore P. Tedesco, Ph. D.

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Property right protection and aquifer development management are the primary goals of groundwater agencies in the western United States. A variety of implementation strategies are used to foster these goals. Some strategies are more discretionary than others; some are more encouraging of local decision-making; some are intended to promote renewal rather than depletion of groundwater resources. This research identifies and classifies legislative, administrative, and judicial groundwater management approaches. Each category of approach is evaluated in terms of the effectiveness and the equity with which the goals of property right protection and aquifer development management are met. The management methods which most effectively and equitably protect property rights and control aquifer development are recommended. These methods limit the cumulative extent of drawdown caused by well interference and establish a maximum allowable rate of static water level decline.

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This dissertation argues that the strong relationship that historians see between the South and West in the early 19th century, which allowed them to form what scholars have termed the Old South, had its origins in the twenty-year period after the American Revolution when a group of far-sighted southerners worked to form a political bond between the two regions. They did so by tirelessly defending the West and westerners against political and economic attacks, often from northerners but sometimes from people within their own region. Within the ongoing debate over the emergence of a southern consciousness, historians have overlooked one important factor in its development-the West. Although it would be incorrect to argue that southern consciousness began in the 1780s or 1790s, it would not be remiss to argue that southerners began to look at the trans-Appalachian West during this period as something more than just virgin territory. A few southerners, particularly James Madison, saw the South's political future entwined with the West's advancement and worked to ensure that a strong political relationship developed between the two regions. For people like Madison, this political merger of the two sections is what they meant when they talked about a "southern and western interest." Historians should be careful not to take the close relationship present in the nineteenth century between the South and the trans-Appalachian West for granted. Although the two regions shared many interests, family and slavery being just two, the close relationship that developed happened because of the hard work and dedication of a handful of forward-looking southerners in the late eighteenth century. The history of these two regions during this twenty-year period is far more complicated than historians have imagined and described.

M.A. (History) / Please refer to full text to view abstract

Nous avons cherché à mieux comprendre la situation épidémiologique du virus West Nile (VWN) en Tunisie. Nous avons tout d'abord produit une carte du risque de transmission du VWN aux équidés montrant un risque élevé dans de nombreuses régions, dépendant de facteurs environnementaux : zones humides et climat favorables aux populations d'oiseaux sauvages et de moustiques. Le taux élevé de séroprévalence observé chez les équidés est compatible avec l'hypothèse d'une circulation endémique du VWN sans exclure la possibilité d'introductions répétées.Une étude complémentaire a démontré l'exposition des oiseaux domestiques, péri-domestiques et sauvages au VWN et a permis d'établir un premier inventaire des espèces d'oiseaux les plus exposées, pouvant servir de base à un système de surveillance de l'avifaune sauvage en Tunisie.Le suivi sérologique mensuel de poules sentinelles a permis de détecter la circulation du virus en fin de saison chaude (septembre, octobre) à proximité de zones humides pendant une période de forte activité des moustiques et d‘abondance des oiseaux sauvages. L'occurrence simultanée de cas humains de fièvre West Nile (FWN) laisse penser qu'un système de poules sentinelles serait utile pour une alerte précoce de recrudescence de l'activité du VWN.A l'issue de ce travail, nous proposons des pistes pour un système de surveillance multidisciplinaire de la FWN, adapté au contexte tunisien, et devant permettre la détection précoce de toute circulation virale. / Our investigations aimed at clarifying some aspects of the West Nile virus (WNV) epidemiological situation in Tunisia, and in particular at identifying areas at high risk of WNV circulation. A major achievement was the establishment of a risk map for the transmission of WNF in horses. This map shows that the risk of transmission strongly depends on environmental factors: increased risk associated to wetlands proximity and climatic factors favourable to wild birds and mosquitoes. The high seroprevalence observed in horses is compatible with an endemic circulation of WNV without excluding the possibility of repeated introductions.Another study in birds showed the exposure of domestic, wild resident and migratory birds to WNV, and helped establishing an initial inventory of bird species most exposed to WNV. These studies can serve as a basis for a monitoring system of wild birds in Tunisia.A system of monthly follow-up of sentinel chickens detected virus circulation at the end of the hot season (September, October), near wetlands and during a period of high mosquito activity, and abundance of wild birds. The simultaneous occurrence of human cases of WNF brought us to suggest that active surveillance in sentinel chickens would be useful for early warning of increased activity of WNV. This work allows us to propose trails for a WNV multidisciplinary monitoring system adapted to the Tunisian situation, enabling early detection of viral circulation.

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In this project, I explore how Sam Shepard and Martin McDonagh treat concepts of space (both on stage and within a larger context that expands beyond the theatre), and I seek to identify how underlying anxieties about a mythologized past become manifest in the relationships between characters and landscapes by examining heterotopic and liminal elements in their scripts.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2000. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 281-313). Available also in a digital version from Dissertation Abstracts.