Frankfurt (Main), Universiẗat, Diss., 2003. / Erscheinungsjahr an der Haupttitelstelle: 2002.

West African Journal: A Travel Account is a narrative of the author's trip in twelve West African countries. In the first chapter the author describes her previous travels and preparations for this trip and introduces her husband. She begins the second chapter with a discussion of the benefits and hardships of independent travel and describes the hotels, restaurants, forms of transportation, and difficulties with language. The remainder of Chapter II is a close account of the first sixteen days of travel. The narrative continues chronologically in Chapters III through VIII. Each chapter pertains to a distinct stage of the trip. In Chapter IX, the author reviews her personal accomplishments during the journey, relates her and her husband's reactions on their return to the U.S., and concludes with some evocative descriptions of West Africa.

In 1961 the Green River was poisoned and its native fishes killed so that the new Flaming Gorge Reservoir could be stocked with non-native game fishes for sportsmen. This incident was representative of water management in the West, where dams and other projects have been built to serve human needs without consideration for the effects of water diversion or depletion on the ecosystem. Indeed, it took a Supreme Court decision in 1976 to save Devils Hole pupfish from habitat destruction at the hands of developers. Nearly a third of the native fish fauna of North America lives in the arid West; this book traces their decline toward extinction as a result of human interference and the threat to their genetic diversity posed by decreases in their populations. What can be done to slow or end this tragedy? As the most comprehensive treatment ever attempted on the subject, Battle Against Extinction shows how conservation efforts have been or can be used to reverse these trends. In covering fishes in arid lands west of the Mississippi Valley, the contributors provide a species by species appraisal of their status and potential for recovery, bringing together in one volume nearly all the scattered literature on western fishes to produce a monumental work in conservation biology. They also ponder ethical considerations related to the issue, ask why conservation efforts have not proceeded at a proper pace, and suggest how native fish protection relates to other aspects of biodiversity planetwide. Their insights will allow scientific and public agencies to evaluate future management of these animal population and will offer additional guidance for those active in water rights and conservation biology.

A counsellor task check list comprised of 168 tasks described in behavioral terms, was completed by 15/18 counsellors in West Vancouver. It, along with 11 statements which pertained to recommendations from the British Columbia Ministry of Education's 1980 Task Force report on counselling, provided the information necessary to design a survey instrument using a five point Likert scale. Its purpose was to support the thesis that although school-related groups: students, parents, teachers, counsellors, and administrators; would differ in their perceptions of the importance of counsellor functions, there would be some which would be rated high in importance among all five groups. A random sample of students in Grades 6, 8, 10, and 12 (n=360), and parents with children in Kindergarten to Grade 12 (n=360), as well as all the teachers (n=256), counsellors (n=15), and administrators (n=33) were surveyed. Return rates varied among the groups from a low of 17.9% for the parents to 54.5% for the administrators. Results obtained supported the thesis at both the elementary and secondary levels. Hierarchical lists for both levels ranked the items by average scores in order to illustrate the importance the groups as a whole placed on each task. Recommendations were then made to assist counsellors in the process of drafting and articulating a role and job description for themselves. / Education, Faculty of / Educational and Counselling Psychology, and Special Education (ECPS), Department of / Graduate

The purpose of this study is to show there is no special economic or general development theory tailor-made for West Africa. Maybe, when all general theories are valid, some are more valid than others. The recent emergence of "development theories" from academics in the "Third and Fourth World" countries is both an expression of serious doubts with orthodox development theories, as well as a serious search for self-assertion. These attempts to devise an appropriate theoretical concept geared towards the interpretation and analysis of the development process in these regions are, at bottom, also a response to the dynamics of economic and social change. The growing awareness of these views reflects the extent to which these processes of change are at work. As we shall soon observe, the attempts by the various orthodox authors of development theories to diagnose the underlying causes of development, the link with the world systems and the proposed future strategies, have very little in common. Take, for example, the economic system of the sixteenth century that generated modern industrial capitalism. This system was made up of three interdependent parts: a developed core in Western Europe, a partially developed semiperiphery in southern and eastern Europe, and an underdeveloped periphery of the rest of the world. From this, one can see, with some persuasion, that the dynamic of capitalism (or of a fully developed market economy) is based on the structural imbalance created by integrating the West Africa economies at different levels of development in what Prof. Wallerstein called a "world-system." There are probably few who would quarrel with this part of the formulation - although its neglect as a serious theory of economic development by economists, is, to this author, certainly one of the more interesting occurrences in modern history. The question that is open to debate is the degree to which this imbalance (in West Africa) tends toward permanence - the degree to which "underdevelopment" develops along with development to become a relatively stable economic adjustment. None of the development theories reviewed in the thesis has sufficient time depth to assess the question of permanence with empirical data, nor do they attempt to do so. Instead, the problem is tackled as follows. The nonindustrial nations of the world have not developed because they have failed the preconditions for it - a market mentality, local economic differentiation, "modern" socio-cultural institutions receptive to economic development (entrepreneurship). But none of these holds in the indigeneous societies of West Africa where there is no lack of entrepreneurship and little in the way of social and cultural impediments to growth. The most common alternative explanation is that the "surplus" necessary to endogenous growth is being drained in export-import trade with the developed systems. This thesis explores the dimensions of development in the economies like those of West Africa which are in a period of drastic change and dissatisfaction with the conventional paradigms. Structurally, this study has been divided into five chapters. The introductory chapter defines the uniqueness of the West African case. This uniqueness arises from uncensured acceptance of Western norms and models and reliance on growth - through capital-intensive imported technology. Coupled with this is also the idea of measuring the successes (if any) and the failures with the yardsticks accepted and applicable in the West, Chapter two will review the general literature in development (Dualism, Strategical, Foreign Trade, Sociological and Psychological, and Marxist theories) and then prescribe an indigenous model, Self-Reliance, as an alternative to the reviewed theories. Chapter three examines the physical environment and economy of the region. Chapter four deals with the acceptance or rejection of the hypothesis that is, when all general theories are valid, some are more valid than others and Chapter five deals with the policy implications and conclusions. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of / Unknown

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

In South Africa, HIV and AIDS as a communicable diseases is difficult to eradicate. The government sector is advocating for comprehensive management thereof. Still the challenge is that the health sector tend to focus on the treatment pillar, pumping a lot of resources into treatment with minimal productivity. The point is, too much emphasis is put on post-intervention as opposed to pro-activity. Prevention is one of the under resourced pillars in terms of funding and capacity, but can bring about positive behavioural change in safe sex and deter other risk behavioural patterns that transmits HIV within our communities, thus combating further HIV infections. It is important to continually find gaps in the prevention techniques and markets when promoting or communicating HIV risks prevention. The study explores if the mainstream promotional and communication messages are reaching the Lesbians, Gays, Bisexual and Transgenders (LGBTs) and are soliciting positive behavioural change or discrimination. The study is qualitative and explores a probable social problem concerning the LGBTs in their natural setting. Probability, snowball sampling was used. Data were collected through structured questionnaires, and loaded into the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), a software for analysis. The measure of correlation used was the Spearman's Rho. / Thesis (MBA) North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, 2012