Thesis (Ph. D.)--York University, 2001. Graduate Programme in Environmental Studies. / Typescript. Title on certificate page: When host become guests. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 271-291). Also available on the Internet. MODE OF ACCESS via web browser by entering the following URL: http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/yorku/fullcit?pNQ66345.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of West Florida, 2009. / Submitted to the Dept. of English and Foreign Languages. Title from title page of source document. Document formatted into pages; contains 111 pages. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of West Florida, 2009. / Submitted to the Dept. of English and Foreign Languages. Title from title page of source document. Document formatted into pages; contains 0 pages. Includes bibliographical references.

Current studies on the intellectual exchanges between the West and the Third World have tended to focus either on the phenomenon of the birth of the Third World in the post-War period or have concentrated instead on a political reading of these exchanges. The first group of studies has seen the emergence of the Third World in a manner that is unconnected to its political significance. The second group has been characterised by arguments that tend towards a negative reading of the role played by (mainly) European intellectuals in their relationship with movements of national liberation. These intellectuals, it is argued, imposed their idealistic visions of the potential for radical democracy on the new societies while alienating themselves from the societies of which they were part. Such is the standpoint of much of the literature that resorts to the notion of the' fellow traveller' . This thesis emphasises instead the common ground and mutual influence between the Third World as a historical formation in the Twentieth Century - itself partly the product of Western intellectual discourses - and the reaction its 'birth' provoked within certain sections of the European intelligentsia. The thesis argues that the intellectual commitment to the Third World characteristic of the 1960s and the dialogue that ensued can be interpreted as an attempt to define a universally valid concept of intellectual that was both and at the same time politically committed, yet independent. Focusing on one such case of Third World 'liberation' -the Cuban Revolution- and the role played by the New Left, this thesis employs Bourdieu's concept of 'intellectual field' in order to explore two main areas of concern. The first involves the identification of all the significant players in the process of crossfertilisation that took place between the Cuban Revolution and the European New Left and a detailed description of the part they played. This leads on to a consideration of the vociferous support lent to the Cuban Revolution by dominant intellectuals of the time but also to the importance that can be attached to a variety of intellectual groups in each of the countries concerned and to the role played by a number of publications such as New Left Review, Partisans or Pensamiento Critico as conduits of generic ideas that can be labelled as characteristic of the New Left field. The second main concern of this thesis lies in the analysis of some of the main ideas that circulated in the field. With regard to the concept of the Third World, it is argued that besides offering a commitment-conscious intelligentsia a useful symbolic element to partially fulfil their quest for self-definition, the concept was tied to Cuba's particular political transition in the 1960s. This transition went from a vision of Cuba as representative of a Third World that was presented as the space of 'neutrality and global peace' to one that saw it as the spark of 'global revolution'. Similarly, the notion of the intellectual underwent a mutation from a universalistlSartrean notion of the 'traditional' intellectual as an individual engaged with the times and representative of the conscience of society, to one that stressed the activist and revolutionary nature of the intellectual. The 'revolutionary' intellectual as a concept was re-discovered through a return to the orthodox language of a mythical golden Marxist past. In either case, the thesis argues, the language of communication and exchange between both sides of the Atlantic was dominated by a European New Left that was, on the whole, unable to marry the contradictory demands of power and intellect. The failure of this intellectual goal was further reinforced by the reality of a separation that became more acute after 1971.

This study investigated peacekeeping in West Africa, with particular focus on Nigeria’s roles (diplomatic, political, cultural, socioeconomic, peacekeeping and peace enforcement) in the West Africa region, from 1990 to 2005. This time frame is particularly important, because in the 1990s, the West African region experienced an outbreak of inter/intra state conflicts. These conflicts have been studied extensively by social scientists, political analysts and other scholars. In many of these studies, the analysts have focused mostly on the intervening roles of groups and organizations, such as the United Nations (UN), and the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS). What this study found missing, however, is an in-depth analysis of the role/s of individual member states, such as Nigeria. The inter-agency framework for conflict analysis in transition and the contemporary history approaches were utilized to further understand the dynamics of peacekeeping in West Africa and the extent of Nigeria’s peacekeeping roles in Liberia and Sierra Leone. The conclusion drawn from the findings suggest that Nigeria plays pivotal peacekeeping roles in the West African region. These roles though necessitated by the limited role of the international community in Africa since the end of the Cold War, and by the need for regional political stability and security, have placed added burden on Nigeria as evidenced by the case studies of the Liberian and Sierra Leonean crises of the 1990s.

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The West Coast of the South Island has a particular history distinct from other regions of New Zealand because of its physical isolation, its sparse and fragmented Maori occupation, its lack of suitability for farm settlement, and its social and economic links with Australia through nineteenth century shipping routes; many of the goldminers who first populated the region came via the Victoria goldfields and had little relationship with other South Island settlements. This thesis begins with a chronological annotated bibliography of imaginative writing with the West Coast as its setting, then analyses this writing in terms of the West Coast landscape, its settlement history and its four major physical resources – pounamu, gold, coal and timber – and the way in which each has influenced the literature. It further examines the work of five West Coast writers, Jean Devanny, Peter Hooper, Keri Hulme, Jeffrey Paparoa Holman and Peter Hawes, in the context of their imaginative portrayal of the characteristics of the region. It concludes that there is a discernible perception among New Zealanders, fostered particularly by novelists and film-makers who have set their work on the Coast, that the region has iconic status and represents values and attitudes which appeal to the wider audience as distinctive. In his 1940 attempt to encourage a national literature, Monte Holcroft wrote that, “…the spirit of a country, recognisable in history and literature, is a kind of collective definition undertaken by a line of creative writers.” New Zealand has long since developed a healthy diversity of creative literature, but it is argued in this thesis that Holcroft’s definition can now be restated in regional terms; the West Coast of the South Island of New Zealand has its own spirit, is in a sense another country, and has been so defined by its creative fiction.

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This study examines what characteristics of schools and advisers have the most effect on fostering free student press practices as reported by advisers. Advisers' perceptions were measured based on three scales: one that measured student practices, one that measured administrative practices and one that measured adviser practices. Data suggested that existence of student free expression laws and open forum policies, number of years of teaching and advising, licensure and certification to teach journalism, and membership in professional journalism organizations are among the characteristics that have the greatest effect on fostering freer scholastic press practices. Recommendations were made to scholastic media organizations to use this data to help prioritize the initiatives to best free press practices in school newspapers. / Department of Journalism

No description available.