Thesis advisor: Min Song / The Thoreau Society is the oldest literary society for an American author in the United States, as well as an important force for environmental preservation in Concord, Massachusetts. Since its founding in 1941 the society has used Thoreau's texts, philosophy, and character to bring people together and, during the 1950s, save Walden Pond from future development. In doing so I argue the society essentially bridged literature and environmentalism in a way that created tangible change. Though they are a complicated group that can and should be seen from a critical lens, their triumphs speak to a broader connection between writing and preservation that alters how present-day readers view Thoreau's work. Thus, the thesis will demonstrate how examining the origins, dynamics, tactics, motivations, and achievements of the society grants a clearer understanding not just of how Walden Pond came to be preserved in Concord, but how Thoreau has come to exist in a modern light. / Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2022. / Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: Departmental Honors. / Discipline: English.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Columbia University, 1941. / Vita. Bibliography: p. 30-31. Also issued in print.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Columbia University, 1941. / Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Bibliography: p. 30-31.

The interconversion of sugars in nature has for long been a source of interest and speculation. Many attempts were made to postulate a mechanism for the smooth and facile transformations but until 1933 the theories were unsupported by any experimental evidence. The first direct conversion of one aldose to another by means of changes involving a Walden inversion was achieved by Irvine and Hynd who obtained either d-glucose or d-mannose from d-glucosamine, according to the experimental procedure. It was obvious that in one case Walden inversion took place on C₂, but an interpretation of reaction was complicated by the removal of the nitrogen atom. Later, by the action of ammonia on methylglucoside-2-bromohydrin, Fischer et al. obtained “methylepiglucosamine” which was later shewn to be 2-amino-methylaltroside. The research which is now to be described was undertaken with a view to extending to the pentose series the application of the general principles which had been worked out for the hexoses. Although the research was incomplete, in the sense that no interconversion was achieved, many interesting facts emerged in the course of the work and some important derivatives of arabinose were prepared for the first time.

Tyresö är en växande kommun i behov av fler bostäder. Tyresö är väldigt utspritt med låg bebyggelse. Även nära centrum är bebyggelsen utspridd med stora ”tomma” ytor emellan bostadsområden, kontor och handel. De tomma ytorna består i många fall av barrskog och dessa ”tomma” områden skapar idag distanser mellan bostadsområdena samtidigt som de fungerar som hundrastning och motionsspår. Det finns en utmaning i dessa platser mellan bostadsområdena, att bygga bostäder som förtätar utan att ta bort skogens kvalitéer, känslan av rymd, dess möjligheter och nuvarande användningsområden, bostadsområden som inte hindrar allmänhetens användning av platsen utan minskar avstånden i Tyresö. Ett typ av boende som rättar sig efter naturen, efter årstider. Som tillåter dess brukare att bo i en skog, att bo med en skog. Att låta delar av huset vara stängt på vintern för att sedan öppna upp på sommaren och bli flera gånger så stort, att använda huset efter årstiderna. Ett boende där inne och ute smälter ihop och den enda utsikten är träd.  Mitt förslag på hur detta ska lösas är med ett hus som är uppdelat i två delar En del ”LÅDAN”. Ett prefabricerat betongblock där sovrum, badrum och massor av förvaring finns. LÅDAN är dessutom ett passivhus. Under de kalla månaderna bor man bara i detta hus och stänger av hus nummer två med en skjutdörr. Den andra delen av huset är KOJAN. Ett ”lätt” trähus som används under de varmare månaderna på året och är därför inte lika välisolerat. KOJAN byggs på plats efter marken, där det finns ett berg svänger väggen. KOJAN kan också anpassas vertikalt med flera terrasseringar. / Tyresö is a growing municipality in need of more housing. The buildings in Tyresö are spread out and low. Even near the center, the housing areas are intercepted by large "empty " spaces between residential , office and retail areas. The empty spaces consist in many cases of forest and these "empty" areas creates distances between residential areas while acting as a dog exercise area and jogging track. There is a challenge in these places in between. Building homes that condenses without removing the qualities of the forest, the sense of space, its potential and current uses, residential areas that do not impede the public's use of the site without decreasing the distances in Tyreso. One type of accommodation that conforms to nature, after seasons. That allows its wearers to live in a forest. Allowing parts of the house to be closed in the winter to then open up in the summer and become several times larger. An accommodation in which inside and outside melt together and the only view is trees.   My suggestion on how this can be solved is with a house that is divided into two parts: One part " BOX ". A prefabricated concrete box where bedroom, bathroom and plenty of storage are available. BOX is additionally a passive house. During the cold months one can live only in this house. The other part of the house is HUT. A "light" timber room used in the warmer months of the year and is therefore not as well insulated. HUT is built on site after the ground. HUT can also be adjusted vertically with several terraces.

It is the purpose of this paper to demonstrate the nature of Thoreau's use of organic imagery by tracing recurrent symbols that represent key concepts and provide unity and coherence throughout Walden. By charting the patterns of imagery in Walden, one can observe Thoreau's movement from an initially pessimistic view of man's present state to one of transcendental optimism and hope for freedom in the future.

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Originally mapped as Precambrian and uppermost Ocoee Supergroup (OS), recent discoveries of Paleozoic microfossils have placed the Walden Creek Group (WCG), eastern Tennessee, into a younger depositional framework (Silurian or younger). In this study, monazite geochronology using SIMs, detrital zircon U-Pb geochronology determined by LA-ICP-MS, feldspar compositions determined by microprobe, zircon-tourmaline-rutile (ZTR) indices, and framework mineral modes were used to characterize provenance of sandstones of the WCG. Monazite ages cluster at 450 and 1050 Ma. All Ordovician ages are from grains that, in BSE images, have inclusion-rich microtextures interpreted as diagenetic and/or metamorphic, thus requiring that the WCG was deposited prior to Taconic metamorphism. The WCG heavy mineral suite is similar to the OS in its low modal abundance of monazite, but contains a slightly higher ZTR index. WCG Feldspar compositions are sodium poor-Kfs and sodic plagioclase, like the OS. Detrital zircon U-Pb ages for three formations of the WCG (seven samples total, n = 620) match the Ocoee signature. The dominant age modes are at ca. 1000 and 1150 Ma, with smaller modes at 1450 and 650 Ma. The monazite ages and supporting observations prove the WCG is not Paleozoic and its source rock signature matches the underlying OS.