This paper deals with challenges associated with handling scrubber waste in the port of Karlshamn and what various industry partners are doing to meet this growing demand. The main challenges have been the proportion of ships with scrubber, the amount of generated waste and waste characterisation. An understanding of these factors has been crucial in order to ascertain the aim of this study, which has been made with calculations based on leading manufacturer’s scrubber analyses and with an estimation of the quantity of ships with scrubber by examining AIS data from the Port of Karlshamn. In order to calculate the quantity of scrubber waste two different scenarios were established, which in turn produced two different outcomes. It has been shown that these two do not represent a significant effect for the waste handling in port. It has been established that the scrubber waste is hazardous waste and needs to be disposed in port without involvement of other types of waste. The amount of scrubber waste is relatively small compared to today’s waste handling in Swedish ports and can be managed with ease, this despite a potential rising demand for scrubbers in the future. Keywords:  Scrubber, SECA, waste handling, sulphur oxide

The purpose of this thesis is to make a thorough but compact description of the international laws concerning solid garbage generated by vessels and sludge treatment. It is also to construct a pamphlet that can be used as a guide by ports when constructing their own information sheets to the vessels. The questions given to us from Baltic Master II were: what does the international legislation state about waste handling from vessels and in the port facilities, both sludge and solid garbage? Describe routines for receiving sludge, with concern taken to the rules that apply today. Describe routines for receiving sorted garbage and recycling, with concern taken to the rules that apply today. Look at the present symbols and labelling and develop a standard for vessels and port facilities. To solve these questions we choose an investigative method based on a literature study. The research of earlier studies showed that the parties involved consider the waste- and sludgetreatment to be flawed. In some cases the problems are fictitious or exaggerated. The main problem originates from the fact that there are no uniform routines for the interaction between vessel and port. Although there is more then one way to deal with this problem, we have concluded that the best way to improve the present day situation is to implement uniform routines. To make the routines effective they should be developed and agreed upon by the parties involved taking into consideration present day international legislation. In this thesis we present a suggestion on such a routine.

<p>The purpose of this thesis is to make a thorough but compact description of the international laws concerning solid garbage generated by vessels and sludge treatment. It is also to construct a pamphlet that can be used as a guide by ports when constructing their own information sheets to the vessels. The questions given to us from Baltic Master II were: what does the international legislation state about waste handling from vessels and in the port facilities, both sludge and solid garbage? Describe routines for receiving sludge, with concern taken to the rules that apply today. Describe routines for receiving sorted garbage and recycling, with concern taken to the rules that apply today. Look at the present symbols and labelling and develop a standard for vessels and port facilities. To solve these questions we choose an investigative method based on a literature study. The research of earlier studies showed that the parties involved consider the waste- and sludgetreatment to be flawed. In some cases the problems are fictitious or exaggerated. The main problem originates from the fact that there are no uniform routines for the interaction between vessel and port. Although there is more then one way to deal with this problem, we have concluded that the best way to improve the present day situation is to implement uniform routines. To make the routines effective they should be developed and agreed upon by the parties involved taking into consideration present day international legislation. In this thesis we present a suggestion on such a routine.</p>

Waste generation is an unavoidable product of man’s activities, however, sustainable management of such waste is a challenge faced in many countries today. Nigeria, a developing country in Africa, has been in a quandary of how to efficiently manage the municipal solid waste its population generates. Many states in the country lack adequate plans and infrastructure required for efficient and sustainable management of municipal solid waste. For Lagos, the most populous and popular state in Nigeria, the problem is further compounded by its rather large and still increasing population. In this research, Lagos is taken as a case study; the extant trend for solid waste handling in households, trends in the formal and informal sector as regards solid waste management from household collection to final disposal are focused upon. Many countries, particularly the developed ones, have employed options in the waste management hierarchy for sustainable management of their municipal solid waste and the blend of options employed is usually highly dependent on local factors. Following the waste management hierarchy, possible options for sustainable municipal solid waste management in Lagos are discussed. It is concluded that waste reduction, reuse, recycling and composting are potential management options for the state. Landfilling will remain an important option for final disposal but reliance on this method could be significantly reduced if management options are exploited to the maximum in a sustainable solid waste management structure.

Municipal waste management aims to collect waste from people and businesses in a sustainable manner. Today's waste management relies on an old container system which is simple and flexible. There are some problems with this type of management for both waste generators and collectors. The working environment is not the best for municipal waste collectors, there is heavy lifting and risk elements in the handling of containers and bags. There are also risks involved with heavy vehicles moving in sensitive areas such as residential areas and around schools. Forecasts show that most urbanized areas are expected to grow further for some time. This creates problems of increasing waste volumes, thereby increasing traffic. This makes it interesting to evaluate new and existing solutions of the collection and transportation of municipal solid waste. The study aims to identify the current municipal solid waste management theories and evaluate the opportunities that exist to develop the theory forward with focus on the collection in urban areas. The study intends to review whether it is economically feasible to implement automated vacuum systems in existing infrastructure. The theory shows that it is often possible to implement this in new construction projects, but the research is vague and inadequate regarding implementation in existing infrastructure. The case study examines whether implementation of an automated vacuum collection system is possible in central Gothenburg. The analysis assesses the financial feasibility of the implementation. Specifically, the unused surface of the refuse rooms can be utilized differently, thus reducing the costs that arise initially. The study shows that it will be profitable to implement an automated vacuum system in the study area since the initial investment can be offset through the alternative use of the floor space in the waste rooms. The study results suggest that other areas in existing infrastructure can implement similar solutions without economic losses.

In my paper I measured attitudes towards waste handling by implementing the theory of Campbell's paradigm. This theory is mostly implemented by authors in the field of environmental psychology, who focus on research of environmentally friendly behaviour. Campbell's paradigm looks at the concept of attitude as a behavioural predisposition, which is equivalently observable from three attitudinal reactions (evaluative, affective and behavioural attitudes). I decided to measure attitudes towards waste handling in households through self- assessment of people's own behaviour connected to waste handling at home. For the purpose of my paper I created a tool, which is capable of measuring attitudes towards waste handling and at the same time determines whether suggested attitudes have a real impact on people's behaviour. By using Rasch model of measurement I estimated difficulties of particular behavioural expressions and also levels of attitudes of my study's participants. Subsequently I used specific examples to illustrate the usage of these two variables for estimation of specific behaviour. Simultaneously, I confirmed that with increasing level of attitudes in connection with waste handling (that means more environmentally conscious attitude with regards to this issue) the probability of choosing...

The thesis deals with waste management. The aim of the thesis is to describe and evaluate present waste legislation including amendmets to several waste management institutions and comparison to waste legislation of European Union. The thesis is divided into eight chapters. The first chapter focuses on introducing into general range of waste management. The second chapter deals with sources of law, both national and international. The third chapter describes the central term of waste management and of the thesis, i. e. waste, and presents its definition, exceptions from the definition and exception from regulation of the Waste Act 185/2001. The fourth chapter focuses on the waste hierarchy and explains it. The fifht chapter includes the waste management plans, and presents them in accordance with their importance in the hierarchy of waste management plans. The chapter explains content and meaning of the waste management plans. The sixth chapter refers subjects to the obligations given by Waste Act . At the end of the sixth chapter author mentions the matter of legal liability in case of the subjects being in breach of the obligations. The seventh chapter deals with all operations with waste, and divides them into waste prevention, means of waste handling according to waste hierarchy and other waste...

The subject of these theses contains an evaluation of the waste policy in the A.S.A. České Budějovice company. More precisely is oriented on waste dump in Lišov. Firstly, as an result of my work, the proposition of better economic and technology solution is offered. The proposal covered also the problem of the ecological waste handling. In the frame of the ecological treatment the biodegradation is included. This will lead to another direction of the waste treatment policy. The way is under EU environmental policy legislature. The final result of these theses is a real project of the waste assorting line with the direct link towards the manipulation with the biodegradation material. These procedures are proposed in accordance with the economical situation of the A.S.A. České Budějovice division.

The thesis deals with waste management in a particular city. It analyzes the level and trying to find opportunities for improvement. Analyzed government in Čunovo and Petržalka, next government in Bratislava and also higher territorial unit into which belongs Bratislava. Looked at the current level of support.Analysis will subjected to public and given internal documents,which are recovered. The results were confronted with a questionnaire research and his results. The company OLO, as the dominant element in city waste management, was also subjected to the research and findings have been recovered. All results were recovered and supplemented by observation Method of shopping centers and their access to sorting waste for visitors. Resulted in the appreciation of of each individual step of research and the actual proposals for improving the situation have been complex. Their combined implementation should be not only to improving waste management,but also to in a cost saving in terms of household. done not only to improve waste hos-ture, but also the financial savings in terms of households.