<p>According to the European Union waste hierarchy, waste should first of all be minimized. Reuse and material and energy recycling come next. Lastly the waste should be thrown at the refuse tip. In the inner city of Stockholm waste handling can be done in various types of ways. The solutions vary as a result of the type of architecture of the building and its condition. Waste handling in the inner city of Stockholm works relatively well and there is a will among people to recycle and to sort out their waste, however it must be as easily accessible as possible. From a cost and working environment perspective there are more efficient solutions especially for buildings with an inner yard where there is a long and narrow distance for the refuse collectors. A longer distance will result in a higher fee for waste handling. What could be done is to look over current rooms, if there are better, more cost efficient solutions. There is a problem with the lack of space in the buildings. Other solutions could be to invest in recycling stations underground or disposers. This would give an initial cost but it would pay in the long run and it would also give a better opportunity to use food waste which is currently relatively limited in the inner city of Stockholm. To give people the possibility to use their waste is an important part in implementing the European Union waste hierarchy.</p>

According to the European Union waste hierarchy, waste should first of all be minimized. Reuse and material and energy recycling come next. Lastly the waste should be thrown at the refuse tip. In the inner city of Stockholm waste handling can be done in various types of ways. The solutions vary as a result of the type of architecture of the building and its condition. Waste handling in the inner city of Stockholm works relatively well and there is a will among people to recycle and to sort out their waste, however it must be as easily accessible as possible. From a cost and working environment perspective there are more efficient solutions especially for buildings with an inner yard where there is a long and narrow distance for the refuse collectors. A longer distance will result in a higher fee for waste handling. What could be done is to look over current rooms, if there are better, more cost efficient solutions. There is a problem with the lack of space in the buildings. Other solutions could be to invest in recycling stations underground or disposers. This would give an initial cost but it would pay in the long run and it would also give a better opportunity to use food waste which is currently relatively limited in the inner city of Stockholm. To give people the possibility to use their waste is an important part in implementing the European Union waste hierarchy.

The purpose of this thesis is to make a thorough but compact description of the international laws concerning solid garbage generated by vessels and sludge treatment. It is also to construct a pamphlet that can be used as a guide by ports when constructing their own information sheets to the vessels. The questions given to us from Baltic Master II were: what does the international legislation state about waste handling from vessels and in the port facilities, both sludge and solid garbage? Describe routines for receiving sludge, with concern taken to the rules that apply today. Describe routines for receiving sorted garbage and recycling, with concern taken to the rules that apply today. Look at the present symbols and labelling and develop a standard for vessels and port facilities. To solve these questions we choose an investigative method based on a literature study. The research of earlier studies showed that the parties involved consider the waste- and sludgetreatment to be flawed. In some cases the problems are fictitious or exaggerated. The main problem originates from the fact that there are no uniform routines for the interaction between vessel and port. Although there is more then one way to deal with this problem, we have concluded that the best way to improve the present day situation is to implement uniform routines. To make the routines effective they should be developed and agreed upon by the parties involved taking into consideration present day international legislation. In this thesis we present a suggestion on such a routine.

<p>The purpose of this thesis is to make a thorough but compact description of the international laws concerning solid garbage generated by vessels and sludge treatment. It is also to construct a pamphlet that can be used as a guide by ports when constructing their own information sheets to the vessels. The questions given to us from Baltic Master II were: what does the international legislation state about waste handling from vessels and in the port facilities, both sludge and solid garbage? Describe routines for receiving sludge, with concern taken to the rules that apply today. Describe routines for receiving sorted garbage and recycling, with concern taken to the rules that apply today. Look at the present symbols and labelling and develop a standard for vessels and port facilities. To solve these questions we choose an investigative method based on a literature study. The research of earlier studies showed that the parties involved consider the waste- and sludgetreatment to be flawed. In some cases the problems are fictitious or exaggerated. The main problem originates from the fact that there are no uniform routines for the interaction between vessel and port. Although there is more then one way to deal with this problem, we have concluded that the best way to improve the present day situation is to implement uniform routines. To make the routines effective they should be developed and agreed upon by the parties involved taking into consideration present day international legislation. In this thesis we present a suggestion on such a routine.</p>

No description available.

Waste is a problem that is more relevant now, in the 21st century, than ever before. Waste management is becoming more crucial with more people moving into cities, which demands a fast lifestyle and leading to massive amounts of waste. Managing all the generated municipal solid waste is putting huge amounts of pressure on the infrastructure.  Zero-waste is a topic that has gained popularity as environmental issues have gained attention. The topic has only been around since the late 1990s and without an official governing body the meaning of the topic is diffuse.  The research objectives of this study are to clarify the topic of zero-waste in a way so that it could be exercised within a specified area, as well as bringing forth a concept on how a recycling station within the area could be designed, aligning with the ideas originating from the topic. To achieve these objectives, this study did a literary study on the topic and qualitative research to gain as much understanding over the state of the topic today.  Results from the research conducted during this study concluded that the topic of zero-waste is divided into three different areas, personal, municipal, and business. All areas having their challenges to overcome to achieve zero-waste according to the accepted definitions of the topic. The results derived from the literary study and the interviews concluded into 3 goals, aligning with the principles of zero- waste, specific for an organization or business that wants to define a set physical area as a zero-waste zone. Clarity of waste management, setting a standard of reuse and recycling and monitoring waste, and work towards prevention.  Also, a concept for a recycling station was developed aligning with ideas brought up on the topic to be placed within an area exercising zero-waste. / Avfall är ett problem som är mer relevant nu, på 2000-talet, än någonsin tidigare. Avfallshantering blir allt viktigare med fler människor som flyttar till städer som kräver en snabb livsstil och leder till enorma mängder avfall. Att hantera allt genererat kommunalt fast avfall sätter enorma belastningar på infrastrukturen.Zero-waste (översatt: Noll-avfall) är ett ämne som har blivit populärt eftersom miljöfrågor har fått uppmärksamhet. Ämnet har bara funnits sedan slutet av 1990-talet och utan ett officiellt styrande organ är innebörden av ämnet diffust.  Forskningsmålen för denna studie är att klargöra ämnet zero-waste på ett sätt så att det kan utövas inom ett specifikt område, samt att ta fram ett koncept om hur en återvinningsstation inom området kan utformas i linje med idéer som kommer från ämnet. För att uppnå dessa mål gjorde denna studie en litterär studie om ämnet och kvalitativ forskning för att få så mycket förståelse för ämnets tillstånd idag.  Resultat från forskningen som genomfördes under denna studie drog slutsatsen att ämnet zero-waste är indelat i tre olika områden, personligt, kommunalt och företagande. Med alla områden som har sina egna utmaningar att övervinna för att uppnå nollavfall enligt de accepterade definitionerna av ämnet. Resultaten från litteraturstudien och intervjuerna avslutades också i tre mål, i linje med principerna om nollavfall, specifikt för en organisation eller ett företag som vill definiera ett visst fysiskt område som en zero-waste zon.  Mål 1: Ha ett tydligt sätt för både användare och servicearbetare på hur avfall hanteras.  Mål 2: Gör återanvändning och återvinning till standarden.  Mål 3: Övervaka aktivt avfallstillströmningen och vidta åtgärder för att minimera det.  Dessutom togs ett koncept fram för en återvinningsstation för att placeras inom ett område som utövar zero-waste utifrån de principer som tagits upp om ämnet.