The purpose of this research is to understand factors contributing to successes and challenges in community participation especially in waste minimization initiatives; in order to inform policies and contribute to improve the design of the initiative. The objectives of the research are: firstly, to understand the current state of public participation in waste minimization at Emfuleni Local Municipality. Secondly, it is to determine the extent of willingness of the community to participate in waste minimization initiatives. Thirdly, to determine strategies on how to promote public participation in waste minimization. Fourthly, to identify constraints and challenges of public participation in waste minimization and what kind of support is required for the community to participate in waste minimization initiatives at Emfuleni Local Municipality. Respondents were drawn from fifty households within the community of Bophelong Extension 13, Emfuleni Recycling groups, Waste Management officials, Gauteng Department of Agriculture, Conservation and Environment stake holder participation unit and Waste Buyers in Vanderbijlpark. The researcher employed mainly a qualitative research design and data was collected through questionnaires and interviews. Quantitative study was done on officials and responses were ranked according to the importance of the factors influencing community participation. The findings of this research indicate that the community is willing to participate in waste minimization initiatives. 42% of respondents are currently NOT participating in waste minimization initiatives. It was noted that all community respondents promised and are willing to participate in waste minimization strategies. The research further indicates that there is a considerable number of constraints and challenges prohibiting successful community participation in waste minimization. The constraints include lack of knowledge especially regarding composting initiatives to minimize organic waste and the separation of waste, lack of infrastructure to exchange waste for cash, lack of time, lack of transport, lack of political support, lack of starter packs to initiate own waste minimization plant and lack of financial support to ensure that waste minimization initiatives create opportunities for job creation. This study recommends, amongst others, that the community requires support to participate meaningfully in waste minimization initiatives in the form of: awareness and education, infrastructure for reclaimed waste, waste recycling bins, project funding, community involvement and support from the Emfuleni Local Municipality and the private sector. / Thesis (M. Development and Management)--North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2009.

Thesis (M.Env.St.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Geographical and Environmental Studies, 2001. / Author's name appears as Lam Lai Fong Janna on front cover. Bibliography: leaves 117-120.

Thesis (M.E.S.)--Evergreen State College, 1992. / Title from title screen viewed (3/30/2009). "June, 1992." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 39-46).

Thesis (M. Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 1995. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 1998. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 123-128). Available also in a digital version from Dissertation Abstracts.

Thesis (M.Sc.)--Victoria University of Wellington, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references.

Includes links to web sites for additional information. / Cover title.

Orientador: Egle Novaes Teixeira / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T04:06:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Nagle_ElizabethCamargo_M.pdf: 5086545 bytes, checksum: 5c6c4c2a956d9e08cd7d649d79ad6390 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004 / Resumo: Com o crescimento urbano e a mudança dos padrões de consumo, houve o aumento da quantidade e qualidade do material descartado. Desta forma, com a produção de material cada vez mais complexo e a composição do resíduo sendo freqüentemente alterada, a estratégia de gestão e gerenciamento para solucionar o problema, fica mais difícil. A tendência mundial, em relação aos problemas provenientes do resíduo sólido, é a busca contínua de formas adequadas para dispô-lo e, com a consciência ambiental sendo fortemente incentivada, deve-se buscar minimizá-lo, como princípio. A realidade do futuro sustentável do ambiente traz como premissas, a redução, reutilização e reciclagem, ou seja, a Minimização de Resíduo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o potencial de Minimização do Material Biodegradável de Alimentação contido no Resíduo Sólido Domiciliar de Municípios da Região Metropolitana de Campinas. Identificou-se o que estava presente no resíduo sólido domiciliar, através de caracterização (determinação da composição gravimétrica), adaptada para a minimização, que foi realizada durante o período de um ano, nos domicílios dos municípios de Valinhos, Vinhedo e na macrozona três do município de Campinas. Escolheu-se os bairros e trinta domicílios por município, considerando-se a classe social. Em cada dia pré estabelecido, coletou-se o resíduo diretamente nas casas, perfazendo um total de 480 amostras no período analisado. Após o tratamento dos dados, foi calculado o potencial de minimização do material biodegradável de alimentação, que apresentou valores acima de 50%, indicando que muito tem para ser feito. As possibilidades de minimização do resíduo foram avaliadas e para cada tipo de desperdício são apresentadas maneiras para viabilizá-lo. No âmbito de gerenciamento integrado de resíduo dos municípios, esta pesquisa fornece parâmetros científicos para embasar ações e mecanismos de planejamento que incentivem e conduzam a população ao desenvolvimento consciente, à melhor utilização dos produtos/ material, sem desperdício e levando em consideração a esgotabilidade do ambiente / Abstract: An increase of the amount and quality of the discarded material has arisen as a result of the urban growth and the change of consumption standards. With the production of material each day more complex and the composition of the waste being frequent1y modified, the treatment to this problem becomes more difficult. The worldwide trend, in relation to the problems associated with solid waste, is the continuous search for adequate forms for its disposal, and with the environment conscience being strongly stimulated; one must pursue means to minimize it, as a principle. The reality of the sustainable future of the environment brings as premises, the reduction, reutilization and recycling, or either, the Waste Minimization. The objective of this work was to evaluate the potential of Minimization of the Food Biodegradable Material contained in the Domiciliary Solid Waste in Cities of the Metropolitan Region of Campinas. It was identified what was present in the domiciliary solid waste, through the characterization, determination of the gravimetrical composition, that was carried through during the period of one year, in Valinhos, Vinhedo and in the macro zone three of Campinas, choosing the regions and the thirty domiciles, collecting the residue direct1y in these and considering its social standards. After the treatment of the data, the potential of the minimization of the biodegradable food material, which was found to be above 50%, was calculated and the possibilities of minimization were evaluated taking into account viable mechanisms to make it. Within the scope of the integrated municipal solid-waste management plan, the current research provides scientific parameters to support actions and mechanisms that stimulate and lead the population to the conscientious development, better use of the materials, without wastefulness and taking in consideration the environment exhaustion / Mestrado / Saneamento e Ambiente / Mestre em Engenharia Civil

M.Tech. (Operations Management) / The research is about the application of lean manufacturing tool known as manufacturing kaizen in order to improve a work process at . The company is based in Kempton Park, South Africa, used as a case study to evaluate the benefit of manufacturing kaizen at a specific industrial concern. The research demonstrated how manufacturing kaizen when used appropriately can help APSAP PTY LTD to eliminate waste, have better inventory control, short process cycle times, and better overall financial and operational procedures. The goal was to reduce the identified waste using manufacturing kaizen tool. Waste reduction eventually reduced the cycle time of the work process. The primary objective of the thesis was to study and analyze the cylinder preparation process in APSAP PTY LTD. The process activities were captured, then analyzed using the process map. The secondary objective was to identify waste in the process. Major businesses in South Africa have been trying to adopt new business initiatives in order to stay competitive. One way to increase this is to apply proper manufacturing strategy and use of lean manufacturing or continuous improvement tools to achieve business objective which is to stay competitive and to increase profit. The research addresses the application of a lean manufacturing tool called manufacturing kaizen. Manufacturing kaizen refers to a technique used for improving a work process by the eliminating waste within that process in the organization. It is one of the improvement tools that focus on cost reduction by eliminating non-value added activities. Kaizen achieves the elimination of waste by empowering people with tools and a process to uncover improvement opportunities and make change. Participants are key aspect in implementing the manufacturing kaizen event, since they are the people directly involved. Identifying the key people that will be used in the manufacturing kaizen event is very crucial for the success of the event. Any changes or improvements of the process will have direct impact to the people. It is important that people who are directly affected by change become part of the process and feel empowered. Kaizen understands waste to be any activity that is not value adding from the perspective of the customer. The research unpacks manufacturing Kaizen and looks into its qualitative nature and its application within a working environment and how it influence productivity. It also investigates how this tool can be applied in a process or chemical industry and the benefits it can provide to an organization. The initial step in the approach was to outline data collected and examining techniques used to collect the data. The researcher carried out direct observation as he was physically present, and personally monitored what was taking place. The results show that labor productivity can be improved over time after the introduction of manufacturing kaizen. It concludes that with the introduction of manufacturing kaizen, transformation at workplace can be established leading to productivity improvement within an organization. The research has shown that with the proper use of manufacturing kaizen , waste reduction can be achieved.

Lean philosophy is based on the continuous quest to improve the organisation‟s processes by creating a culture and operating principles which eliminate all non value adding activities within organisation„s processes. Manufacturing firms consider the adoption of the Lean tools as basic requirements for achieving World Class operational excellence or Best Practice. For some time, lean has been used by the manufacturing organizations. Most organizations understand that lean will help them survive global competition and stay in business. The objective of this study is to investigate how lean manufacturing tools can be used to improve efficiency and enhance the embedding of a continuous improvement culture in the South African Revenue Service Enforcement Audit Port Elizabeth. The activities that took place in Enforcement Audit Port Elizabeth from September 2010 until 31 October 2011 were observed. During the study, an introductory presentation by the researcher was made to Regional Enforcement Management and staff in general, the presentation was to introduce the study highlighting different Lean tools. Thereafter the Port Elizabeth audit staff members were engaged formally, using surveys to assess their underlying mindset and behaviour as well as informally, using unstructured interviews to solicit more information on activities taking place and the reasoning behind certain actions. The results of the survey and observations are analysed and interpreted.