Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T15:04:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Izildinha.pdf: 191474 bytes, checksum: 4a14feb7cb1beae3d997eebcd48f321f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-03-03 / Institutes of Forensic Medicine (IFM) perform exams and forensic studies implying in the generation of biological, chemical, radioactive, and common wastes. Thus, the workers can be exposed to biohazardous materials, mainly, due to the non-adherence to recommended practices in their management. Aiming at decreasing such risks, the Health Ministry has established rules defining guidelines to be undertaken by all institutions which generate Health Hazardous Wastes (HHW), including Institutes of Forensic Medicine. This paper had the following goals: diagnosing the management of biological waste generated by IFMs in Goiás as well as their implications to the workers; identifying them, in accordance with different stages as established in the current national legislation; verifying the situation of occupational biohazards for the workers of such institutions in Goiás. Data was collected through questionnaires, check lists, and interviews. Questionnaires were applied to 10 directors, and 81 workers were interviewed. The observation outcomes were recorded in a check list. Despite the fact that such facilities generate wastes similarly to any other health care facility, the first ones are non-segregated, non-conditioned and disposed in accordance with current legal rules. Sharp instruments management is shown as a main hazard to workers, which can be evidenced by the records of percutaneous injuries, while discarding. However, there is some awareness among workers concerning biohazards involved in the activities they perform. There is low adherence to protective measures. Most workers do not use protective individual barriers as recommended, and do not show a complete vaccination plan against tetanus and Hepatites B virus. The outcomes show the lack of a policy towards biohazards, and the need of continuing education concerning biosafety measures in such facilities. / Os Institutos de Medicina Legal (IML) realizam exames e perícias que implicam na geração de resíduos de natureza biológica, química, radioativa e comum. Dessa forma, podem expor os trabalhadores ao contato com material biológico, principalmente pela não-adoção de práticas recomendadas no seu manejo. Com o intuito de minimizar esses riscos, o Ministério da Saúde estabeleceu normas, definindo condutas a serem adotadas por todos os estabelecimentos geradores de Resíduos de Serviços de Saúde (RSS), incluindo os serviços de medicina legal. Os objetivos do estudo foram: realizar um diagnóstico da situação do gerenciamento dos resíduos biológicos gerados nos Institutos de Medicina Legal de Goiás e suas implicações para os trabalhadores; identificar o manejo dos resíduos biológicos nos Institutos de Medicina Legal, segundo as diferentes etapas previstas na legislação nacional vigente; verificar a situação de risco biológico ocupacional para os trabalhadores dos Institutos de Medicina Legal de Goiás. Os dados foram coletados por meio de: questionário, check list e roteiro para entrevista. O questionário foi respondido por dez diretores, e foram entrevistados 81 trabalhadores, e os dados da observação direta foram registrados no check list. Apesar desses serviços gerarem resíduos semelhantes ao de qualquer instituição de saúde, estes não segregados, acondicionados e dispostos conforme as normas legais vigentes. O manejo de perfurocortantes apresenta-se como principal risco para o trabalhador, evidenciado pela ocorrência de exposição percutânea, durante o descarte. Embora, haja uma consciência, entre os trabalhadores, acerca do risco biológico envolvido nas atividades exercidas, há baixa adesão às medidas de proteção. A maioria não usa os equipamentos de proteção individual recomendados, e não têm esquema completo para as vacinas contra o vírus da hepatite B e contra o tétano. Os resultados mostram a ausência de uma política voltada para o gerenciamento dos resíduos biológicos nos IML, a vulnerabilidade dos profissionais quanto aos riscos com material biológico e a premente necessidade de educação permanente em relação às medidas de biossegurança, nestes serviços.

Submitted by Mariana Dornelles Vargas (marianadv) on 2015-05-12T12:01:56Z No. of bitstreams: 1 gestao_residuos.pdf: 1713266 bytes, checksum: 33e447bdb0c2d2d970ece88528d2be6c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-12T12:01:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 gestao_residuos.pdf: 1713266 bytes, checksum: 33e447bdb0c2d2d970ece88528d2be6c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-09-30 / Nenhuma / O presente trabalho tem como objetivo tratar a problemática ambiental associada aos resíduos sólidos em uma rede hoteleira do município de Caldas Novas em Goiás. Para a realização do trabalho foram obtidas informações dos diferentes atores associados ao tema o que envolveu órgãos públicos e as entidades privadas, bem como em estudos e experiências já relatadas na literatura. A investigação envolveu a avaliação das leis e dos processos envolvidos na busca de estratégias para minimização dos impactos sócio-ambientais e econômicos negativos acarretados por esses resíduos. O estudo concluiu pela necessidade de relacionar a questão dos resíduos sólidos com a estratégia de sustentabilidade do negócio do turismo local. Isto implica na necessidade de modificar consideravelmente a situação vigente. O trabalho deixa claro a necessidade de construir ações de planejamento e execução visando adaptar a situação atual às melhores práticas sugeridas na literatura e na legislação para tratar o tema dos resíduos sólidos na rede hoteleira da cidade de Caldas Novas e região. / This paper aims to address the environmental problems associated with solid wastes in a hotel chain in the touristic town Caldas Novas, Goias. To conduct the study it was collected informations on the different actors involved in the issue which included public agencies and private entities, as well as on studies and experiences reported in the literature. The investigation involved the evaluation of laws and processes which involved seeking strategies for minimizing the environmental and socio-economic impacts entailed by such waste. The study concluded by the need to link the issue of solid wastes with the strategy of sustainable local tourism business. This implies the need to significantly modify the status quo. The work makes clear the need to build stock of planning and executing the current situation in order to adapt the best practices suggested in the literature and legislation to address the issue of solid waste in the hotel network in the city of Caldas Novas and surrounding areas.

Orientador: Ricardo de Lima Isaac / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil e Arquitetura / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-12T00:26:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ribeiro_CristianFonseca_M.pdf: 4603338 bytes, checksum: a0aa88f1b11066e7f0cd58dc278ad5f9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: O presente trabalho aborda a utilização de um Sistema de Informações Geográficas (SIG) - recurso hoje indispensável para a análise de dados espacializados, amplamente utilizada no auxílio à tomada de decisão em diversos campos - como ferramenta de gestão do lodo gerado em Estações de Tratamento de Água (ETA) localizadas em uma mesma bacia hidrográfica. Esta gestão, em geral, é baseada em dados convencionais, ficando a mesma condicionada a informações estáticas. Os custos logísticos de transporte e disposição final em aterro sanitário, na maioria dos casos, são preponderantes em relação aos custos operacionais do sistema de tratamento do lodo. Diversos usos benéficos têm sido propostos por vários pesquisadores como melhor forma de destinação, do ponto de vista da sustentabilidade ambiental e econômica. Nesse caso, o material é considerado não mais como resíduo, mas como matéria-prima. O uso de informações espacializadas objetiva nesse caso facilitar a busca e seleção da alternativa mais adequada, tendo a localização geográfica dos potenciais usuários como critério diferencial em relação aos demais aspectos envolvidos na decisão. A área de estudo foi a das bacias hidrográficas dos rios Piracicaba, Capivari e Jundiaí (BH-PCJ). Diversos cenários foram gerados e avaliados. O gestor considerado foi ora uma determinada companhia de saneamento, ora um consórcio de todas as companhias de saneamento presentes na área ou um agrupamento delas. Para fins demonstrativos, as indústrias cerâmicas - para as quais a viabilidade técnico-econômica e ambiental já foi cientificamente comprovada - foram comparadas como destinação alternativa à disposição nos aterros licenciados existentes nessas bacias. Demonstrou-se, assim, o enorme potencial do SIG para a resolução de problemas de planejamento e gerenciamento de resíduos de ETA, tarefa essa que tende a se tornar cada vez mais difícil e complexa no contexto de uma bacia hidrográfica apresentando inúmeros geradores destes e de outros tipos de resíduos sólidos - tais como os resíduos urbanos, de estações de tratamento de esgoto, industriais - que competirão entre si sob as regras de livre mercado pelos já escassos e limitados aterros sanitários e também pelos diversos usuários dessa matéria-prima. / Abstract: Present work investigates the use of geographic information system (GIS) - nowadays a necessary technique for spatial data analysis, broadly used as decision-making aid in many fields - as a tool for watershed management for disposal or beneficial use of water treatment plants (WTP) sludge. Most of times, residuals management is based in conventional data, conditioned to stationary information. Logistic costs for transportation and landfill disposal, usually overcome sludge treatment system operating costs. Several beneficial uses have been proposed for many researchers as better solution rather than landfilling in terms of environmental and economical sustainability. This way, it is considered as raw material rather than residual. GIS appliance aims ease the search for best available alternative, having potential users geographic location as main criteria among other aspects involved in decision process. The territory studied was that of Rivers Piracicaba, Capivari and Jundiaí watershed, in southeastern region of Brazil. Several scenarios were generated and evaluated. The manager here was either a single water company, the consortium of all water companies or a small group of them. For demonstration purpose, ceramic brick plants - whose technical, economical and environmental sustainability was previously demonstrated - were compared to sanitary landfill as final disposal. GIS high potential for WTP sludges planning and management, task that trends to become more and more difficult and complex in a context of a watershed containing several generators of these and other kinds of solid wastes - as municipal wastes, wastewater treatment plant sludge, industrial wastes - that struggle each other under free market rules for scarce and limited sanitary landfills and also for every users of these materials - was demonstrated. / Mestrado / Saneamento e Ambiente / Mestre em Engenharia Civil

Submitted by Jakeline Ortega (jakortega@unoeste.br) on 2018-09-03T18:16:04Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO DE MESTRADO_ALESSANDRA 08.06.18.pdf: 2775496 bytes, checksum: 9293def4ce1596339bbedcfc716784d8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-03T18:16:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO DE MESTRADO_ALESSANDRA 08.06.18.pdf: 2775496 bytes, checksum: 9293def4ce1596339bbedcfc716784d8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-04-05 / Due to the debates about the implementation of the National Solid Wastes Law in Brazil, it’s fundamental that the Law meets in all its aspects. Environment and sustainability has caused concern and awakened the uneasiness in many researchers. Thereby, this work is relevant to the current moment, since it aims to verify the effectiveness and adequacy of the practices of industrial wastes management originated in the industries located in the Distrito Industrial Antonio Crepaldi(DIAC) [Industrial District Antonio Crepaldi], in the municipality of Presidente Prudente, state of São Paulo, Brazil, which demonstrated some weaknesses in industrial processes. The methods used in this research were based on the collection of information from the public agency, the Companhia Ambiental do Estado de São Paulo (CETESB) [Environmental Company of the State of São Paulo], where the processes of each DIAC industry were investigated, which included forms of characterization of the enterprise, Environmental Licenses, periodic reports on wastes generation and technical oversight reports. Field research and confirmation of data were carried out with those responsible for each project. The results evidenced the lack of a Solid Wastes Management Plan (PGRS), as established by Law 12.305 / 2010, which establishes the National Solid Wastes Policy (PNRS). Due to the results indicated, improvements were proposed for the normative adequacy of Law 12.305 / 2010. / Em função dos debates sobre a implantação da Lei Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos do Brasil, é fundamental que a Lei seja atendida em todos os seus aspectos. A preocupação com o meio ambiente e com a sustentabilidade tem despertado a inquietude em diversos pesquisadores. Assim, este trabalho é relevante para o momento atual, pois visa como objetivo, a verificar a efetividade e a adequação das práticas de gerenciamento dos resíduos industriais originados nas indústrias localizadas no Distrito Industrial Antonio Crepaldi (DIAC), no município de Presidente Prudente, estado de São Paulo, Brasil, que demonstrou algumas fragilidades nos processos industriais. Os métodos utilizados, nesta pesquisa ocorreram a partir do levantamento de informações junto ao órgão público, a Companhia Ambiental do Estado de São Paulo (CETESB), onde foram investigados os processos de cada indústria do DIAC, que abrangiam formulários de caracterização do empreendimento, Licenças Ambientais, relatórios periódicos de geração de resíduos e pareceres técnicos de fiscalização. Foram realizadas pesquisas em campo e confirmação de dados com os responsáveis de cada empreendimento. Os resultados evidenciaram a falta de um Plano de Gerenciamento de Resíduos Sólidos (PGRS), conforme determina a Lei n° 12.305/2010, que institui a Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos (PNRS). Em função dos resultados apontados, foram propostas melhorias para adequação normativa da Lei n° 12.305/2010.

Since the discovery of oil in Nigeria, way back in 1950s, the country has invariably suffered some negative environmental consequences such as oil pollution resulting from gas flaring and oil extraction, loss of mangrove trees, which before now was a source of livelihood for the indigenous people and habitat for the area’s biodiversity. Oil production activities have caused contamination of marine life, and habitat, which in turn have had negative consequences on the health of humans, who consume the sea food. Inadequate attention had been paid by the successive Governments of Nigeria and the oil companies to these environmental problems over the years. In this study, an assessment of the effects of oil and gas exploration and exploitation on the nearby communities in some of Chevron’s operational areas was carried out using the Ugborodo community as a case study. Furthermore, investigations were carried out on the toxicity effects of the Escravos crude oil on aquatic organisms like Tilapia and a terrestrial organism such as the Earthworms (Lumbricus terrestris,). The study established the effect and the impact of crude oil when exposed to such organisms mentioned above. The rate of death of barbus fingerlings of Tilapia and the Earthworm (Lumbricus Terrestris) at different concentrations of crude oil was determined and reported. The community survey undertaken by polling data shows the dwindling of the natural resources of the area due to oil exploration and the survey indicate the impacts on natural resources from pollution by crude oil and the consequences on the affected communities using the Ugborodo community in the Chevron’s Nigeria Limited Operational base as a case study. / Environmental Sciences / M.Sc. (Environmental Management)

Since the discovery of oil in Nigeria, way back in 1950s, the country has invariably suffered some negative environmental consequences such as oil pollution resulting from gas flaring and oil extraction, loss of mangrove trees, which before now was a source of livelihood for the indigenous people and habitat for the area’s biodiversity. Oil production activities have caused contamination of marine life, and habitat, which in turn have had negative consequences on the health of humans, who consume the sea food. Inadequate attention had been paid by the successive Governments of Nigeria and the oil companies to these environmental problems over the years. In this study, an assessment of the effects of oil and gas exploration and exploitation on the nearby communities in some of Chevron’s operational areas was carried out using the Ugborodo community as a case study. Furthermore, investigations were carried out on the toxicity effects of the Escravos crude oil on aquatic organisms like Tilapia and a terrestrial organism such as the Earthworms (Lumbricus terrestris,). The study established the effect and the impact of crude oil when exposed to such organisms mentioned above. The rate of death of barbus fingerlings of Tilapia and the Earthworm (Lumbricus Terrestris) at different concentrations of crude oil was determined and reported. The community survey undertaken by polling data shows the dwindling of the natural resources of the area due to oil exploration and the survey indicate the impacts on natural resources from pollution by crude oil and the consequences on the affected communities using the Ugborodo community in the Chevron’s Nigeria Limited Operational base as a case study. / Environmental Sciences / M.Sc. (Environmental Management)

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:00:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissSACP.pdf: 1613507 bytes, checksum: b6db1a7b3fcc5b52e068951b4bd61381 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2003-08-27 / A new lifestyle, with changes in the consumption patterns and generation of residues, is imposed for humanity in Brazil, the growth of the cities and, at the same time, the increase in the consumption of industrialized products, are common factors to practically all the municipal districts. This way serious problems have been carted, regarding the inadequate administration of the urban solid residues (USW) generated. Because of its great number, the small municipal districts contribute with the current environmental and social problems. Thus, one of the main measures to be taken to correct this situation is the establishment of plans of the Management of USW (PMUSW) generated in such municipal districts. The present work lifted some concepts and administration models and management of USW, seeking to supply advices for the elaboration of PMUSW to small municipal districts, based in the minimization concepts. The small municipal districts can count with some facilities for an integrated administration of the different residues, especially the communication with the population, the inspection of the proposal measures, the organization of the society in the administration process of RSU. Besides, the amount of generated residues is smaller and the segregation process, collection and disposition can be simplified. On the other hand, such municipal districts face difficulties for the implantation of a good administration of USW, among them the lack of financial and human resources. Taking into account such characteristics, some guidelines were systematized and established some procedures that better adapt to the referred municipal districts, contemplating simplified solutions, of low cost, accessible to technicians and administrators without specialization in the theme and that involve the population. Such orientations were applied to a specific case of the small municipal district of (Itamogi-MG), allowing its evaluation by means of the elaboration of local PMUSW. In conclusion, it is possible to propose an administration of USW that assists the needs and limitations of those municipal districts. / Um novo estilo de vida, com mudanças nos padrões de consumo e de geração de resíduos, se impõe para humanidade. No Brasil, o crescimento das cidades e, ao mesmo tempo, o aumento de consumo de produtos industrializados, são fatores comuns a praticamente todos os municípios. Deste modo, graves problemas têm sido acarretados, no que diz respeito à gestão inadequada dos resíduos sólidos urbanos (RSU) gerados. Em função do seu grande número, os municípios de pequeno porte contribuem com os problemas ambientais e sociais decorrentes. Assim, uma das principais medidas a serem tomadas para corrigir esta situação é o estabelecimento de Planos da Gestão dos RSU (PGRSU) gerados em tais municípios. O presente trabalho levantou alguns conceitos e modelos de gestão e gerenciamento de RSU, visando fornecer orientações para elaboração de PGRSU para municípios de pequeno porte, embasados nos conceitos de minimização. Os municípios de pequeno porte podem contar com algumas facilidades no que diz respeito a uma gestão mais integrada dos diferentes resíduos, em especial a comunicação com a população, a fiscalização das medidas propostas, a organização da sociedade no processo gestão dos RSU. Além disto, a quantidade de resíduos gerados é menor e os processos de segregação, coleta e disposição podem ser mais simplificados. Por outro lado, tais municípios enfrentam dificuldades para a implantação de uma boa gestão dos RSU, entre elas a falta de recursos financeiros e humanos. Levando em conta tais características, foram sistematizadas algumas diretrizes e estabelecidos alguns procedimentos que melhor se adaptem aos referidos municípios, contemplando soluções simplificadas, de baixo custo, acessíveis a técnicos e administradores sem especialização no tema e que envolva a população. Tais orientações foram aplicadas a um caso específico de município de pequeno porte (Itamogi-MG). Como produto final, foi elaborado um PGRSU, incorporando características locais previamente identificadas, tanto de ordem geral como relativas aos RS. A metodologia empregada nesta elaboração mostrou-se adequada para definir uma gestão dos RSU que atenda as necessidades e limitações desses municípios.

Submitted by Izabel Franco (izabel-franco@ufscar.br) on 2016-09-21T18:57:20Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DissGLC.pdf: 2422616 bytes, checksum: 86da379180867194360cbed2fcb07bc9 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ronildo Prado (ronisp@ufscar.br) on 2016-09-28T18:10:18Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissGLC.pdf: 2422616 bytes, checksum: 86da379180867194360cbed2fcb07bc9 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ronildo Prado (ronisp@ufscar.br) on 2016-09-28T18:10:38Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissGLC.pdf: 2422616 bytes, checksum: 86da379180867194360cbed2fcb07bc9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-28T18:16:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissGLC.pdf: 2422616 bytes, checksum: 86da379180867194360cbed2fcb07bc9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-04-17 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / The great dilemma involving solid waste is related to the increase of its generation as well as with the adequate management of its collection, transportation, processing and final disposal, in such a way as to minimize related environmental and urban impacts. Such dilemma has been consuming high levels of human, technological and financial resources, granting the wastes a significant role in the urban sanitation systems. Thus, Brazil has created, by means of Law 12,305, dated as of August 2nd, 2010, the National Policy of Solid Wastes (PNRS) pursuing the systematization of the waste management in the country holding liable all the parties involved in the life cycle of goods. Among the duties contained therein, the PNRS requires the City Halls to prepare a Municipal Plan for Integrated Management of Solid Wastes, which shall present the minimum content to be implemented in this regard. In this way, this paperwork has the purpose to review the Municipal Plan for Integrated Management of Solid Wastes of the City Ourinhos/SP (PGIRSO) in light of the requirements made by the PNRS and to compare the propositions of such plan with the actions so far taken by the City Hall of Ourinhos/SP. It is concluded that, although the PGIRSO provides the minimum content to implement improvements in the wastes management, it has not been put into force, turning it into a simple bureaucracy with no enforcement related to the social environmental quality of the municipality. / O grande dilema que envolve os resíduos sólidos está relacionado com o aumento de sua geração, assim como o gerenciamento adequado de sua coleta, transporte, tratamento e disposição final, de forma a minimizar os impactos ambientais e urbanos decorrentes. Dilema esse, vem consumindo elevada dose de recursos humanos, tecnológicos e financeiros fazendo com que os resíduos ocupem um importante papel nos sistemas urbanos de saneamento. Dessa forma, o Estado brasileiro instituiu, por meio da Lei 12.305, em 02 de Agosto de 2010, a Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos (PNRS) na tentativa de sistematizar a gestão de resíduos no País, responsabilizando atores envolvidos em todo o ciclo de vida dos produtos. Entre estas responsabilidades, a PNRS exigiu das Prefeituras a confecção de um Plano Municipal de Gestão Integrada de Resíduos Sólidos, apresentando conteúdo mínimo a ser contemplado. Sendo assim, este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar o Plano Municipal de Gestão Integrada de Resíduos Sólidos de Ourinhos/SP (PGIRSO) à luz das exigências da PNRS e comparar suas propostas com as ações realizadas pela Prefeitura. Concluiu-se que, embora o Plano possua conteúdo mínimo para desencadear melhorias no gerenciamento de resíduos, sua aplicação não vem ocorrendo, fazendo do documento mera formalidade sem uso associado à qualidade socioambiental do município.

[Integrative executive summary] NCP Chlorchem (Pty) Ltd manufactures and distributes Chlor alkali products such as chlorine, hydrochloric acid, caustic soda flakes, etc. and in the process generates both hazardous and general waste. Following changes in South African waste management legislation in 2011, the organisation’s waste service provider had to increase the costs associated with the handling of site’s hazardous waste. Top management of NCP Chlorchem (Pty) Ltd requested a meeting with the waste service provider in order to establish the reasons behind the price increase. In that meeting, which the researcher attended, the waste service provider explained the changes in waste legislation and how it was going to impact on their business. Top management understood the reasons behind the price increase; however, they requested the waste service provider to review the price increase. The waste service provider gave the top management of NCP Chlorchem (Pty) Ltd assurance that they were going to discuss the price reduction request with their own senior management and would provide feedback. The researcher did not participate in the feedback meetings; however, to this day, NCP Chlorchem (Pty) Ltd still uses the services of the same waste service provider. The effect the escalating annual waste handling costs has had on NCP Chlorchem (Pty) Ltd’s management team led to the study. Environmental impacts have costs that directly impact on company’s bottom line, such as the costs associated with the generation of waste. Although environmental costs are only one of the many costs incurred by businesses, they deserve management’s attention. According to Jasch (2003), there is an apparent lack of awareness and understanding of the magnitude of the environmental costs generated by organisations, and many opportunities for cost savings through good environmental management are lost. However, using a relatively new tool in environmental management, that is, environmental management accounting (EMA), management would ensure that relevant and significant environmental costs are considered when making business decisions (Jasch, 2003). The main purpose of the thesis is to explore the level of awareness of environmental costs associated with hazardous waste within NCP Chlorchem (Pty) Ltd. In order to carry out the study, literature about environmental and cost accounting as well as literature on waste management was reviewed. Questionnaires were distributed to staff members, and meetings were held with different senior personnel. This case study seeks to answer the following questions: What is NCP Chlorchem (Pty) Ltd’s staff members’ level of understanding of waste management? What is the level of awareness of NCP Chlorchem (Pty) Ltd’s staff of environmental costs with regard to the generation, handling, transportation and disposal of hazardous waste? How can the current traditional accounting within the organisation be integrated with environmental management accounting? The findings of the first research objective revealed that staff members knew the site’s waste streams as per the South African legal definition of waste and as identified in the site’s environmental management system documentation. The conceptual approach to waste management is underpinned by the waste hierarchy. The respondents support the waste hierarchy in its approach to waste management, which is prevention of waste, reduction, reuse, recycle and safe disposal of waste as the last resort. Lack of awareness of environmental management, among other things, was cited as the cause of waste. In addition to that, the respondents believe the waste hierarchy can be achieved by employing recycling facilities, following procedures and by carrying out environmental awareness campaigns. Improving process design and control and including changes in raw material was cited, among other things, as the respondents’ perception on how waste can be reduced. The findings of the respondents’ understanding of waste hierarchy revealed that staff members understood waste management. The respondents cited the impacts of waste on the business as financial impact on the business, impact on their bonuses, and possible loss of business. In relation to the second research objective, it was found that staff members knew the hazardous waste streams and identified amongst other waste, sludge and chlorine emissions as NCP Chlorchem (Pty) Ltd’s hazardous waste. However, with regard to environmental management accounting data, an average of 55.1% of respondents were not familiar with the physical and monetary components of EMA. An average of 19.6% of respondents who were aware of EMA might have been senior personnel. It could further be established that those who were familiar with EMA information were actually working with the data, either for reporting purposes, or for employing waste minimisation strategies, as well as awareness purposes, to their juniors. On average, 80% of the respondents perceived the production department as the area within site that has the EMA information.

This case study was done in KwaZulu–Natal province in South Africa within two municipalities Ethekwini and Umsunduzi Municipality. Three communities participated in this study. The research is motivated by the lack of cooperation between some municipalities and Community Based Organisations (CBOs) in implementing the National Waste Management Strategy (NWMS) at a local level. The primary goal is to explore the availability and development of learning support materials (LSMs) that relates to waste management in collaboration with CBOs and local councillors. The secondary goal is to explore the use of learning support material to promote participation in the implementation of the NWMS. Coresearchers were from the Community Based Organisations as well as local councillors who are located within the communities of these CBOs. Pseudonyms for co-researchers from CBOs and Councillors and the name of their townships have been used to protect co-researchers. A literature review has been conducted to explore research that has been done on the development, usage, accessibility and distribution of the LSMs. Data collection methods included semi-structured interviews; field visits to communities, tape recording of discussions and the keeping of a field journal. Some of the key findings included that LSMs is used by both CBOs and Councillors to try to reduce local environmental problems. It also identified that there are no formal mechanisms between CBOs and Municipalities in dealing with waste management programmes within the identified communities. The other important finding was that the participation of CBOs in the development of LSMs normally excludes the user groups as a result language used is not always understood. Illustrations used in some cases may be misinterpreted if the reader is not English literate as most of material in circulation is written in English. Some recommendations for further research have been made in relation to the findings made in the study. These included recommendations on the development, usage of LSMs, participation of stakeholders in resource development within the context of CBOs and local municipalities.