Thesis (M.Sc.)--York University, 2005. Graduate Programme in Biology. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 70-75). Also available on the Internet. MODE OF ACCESS via web browser by entering the following URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url%5Fver=Z39.88-2004&res%5Fdat=xri:pqdiss &rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:MR11819

Thesis (M.S.) University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006. / The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on August 21, 2007) Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.S.) University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006. / The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on August 27, 2007) Includes bibliographical references.

No description available.

Orientador: André Henrique Rosa / Coorientador: Darllan Collins da Cunha Silva / Resumo: O avanço da degradação ambiental tem comprometido a qualidade de vida da população e os recursos naturais. A maioria das atividades antrópicas reflete negativamente causando diversos impactos ambientais, tais como alterações no uso da terra, alterações na qualidade da água, perda de florestas e biodiversidade. Diante do cenário atual, o sensoriamento remoto (SR) vem ganhando cada vez mais destaque ao que tange o monitoramento ambiental, por permitir a análise de vastas áreas e diversos aspectos ambientais. Nesse contexto, o presente estudo teve como objetivo à avaliação sazonal da qualidade da água a partir da análise de parâmetros físico-químicos e biológicos da água bem como a análise espacial da área de estudo. A área de estudo está inserida na Bacia Hidrográfica do Alto Sorocaba, sendo o Rio Una juntamente com os Rios Sorocabuçu e Sorocamirim que se convergem, constituindo o reservatório de Itupararanga, principal manancial de abastecimento de água do município de Sorocaba. Devido sua importância, a área foi instituída por lei como sendo Área de Proteção Ambiental (APA), tendo seus usos regulamentados. A metodologia utilizada consistiu na análise de parâmetros físicos, químicos e biológicos da água através de sonda multiparâmetros e análises laboratoriais. A análise espacial consistiu na geração de diferentes informações cartográficas que, por meio de análise multicritério, determinaram as classes de fragilidade e classes de risco das áreas de preservação permanente da AP... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The advance of environmental degradation has compromised the quality of life of the population and natural resources. Most anthropogenic activities reflect negatively, causing diverse environmental impacts, such as changes in land use, changes in water quality, loss of forests and biodiversity. In view of the current scenario, remote sensing (SR) has been gaining more and more prominence in relation to environmental monitoring, since it allows the analysis of vast areas and several environmental aspects. In this context, the present study had as objective the seasonal evaluation of the water quality from the analysis of physical-chemical and biological parameters of the water as well as the spatial analysis of the study area. The study area is located in the Alto Sorocaba Hydrographic Basin, with the Rio Una along with the Sorocabuçu and Sorocamirim Rivers that converge, constituting the Itupararanga reservoir, the main source of water supply in the municipality of Sorocaba. Due to its importance, the area was established by law as an Environmental Protection Area (EPA), and its uses are regulated. The methodology used consisted of the analysis of physical, chemical and biological parameters of water through multiparameter probe and laboratory analysis. The spatial analysis consisted in the generation of different cartographic information that, through multicriteria analysis, determined the fragility classes and risk classes of the permanent preservation areas of the Ituparar... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Resumo: Este trabalho é parte integrante de um projeto de pesquisa que tem por objetivo o desenvolvimento de programas de manejo integrado de plantas aquáticas em cinco reservatórios da bacia do rio Tietê (São Paulo-Brasil), usados na produção de energia elétrica. A ocorrência, importância relativa e área ocupada pelas diferentes espécies de plantas aquáticas foram correlacionadas com a qualidade da água e sedimento. Amostragem de água e sedimento e levantamento de plantas foram realizados em Junho de 2001 (estação seca), Outubro/Novembro de 2001 (início da estação chuvosa) e Fevereiro/Março de 2002 (final da estação chuvosa). Informações sobre a área total ocupada pelas plantas marginais e flutuantes disponíveis na literatura e obtidas pela classificação de imagens ETM+/Landsat foram correlacionadas com os resultados obtidos neste trabalho. Amostras de água foram utilizadas para estimar a transmissão ou extinção de luz em comprimentos de onda de 190 a 900nm para colunas de água de 1m de profundidade. Para melhor entendimento e registro (em fotos digitais) dos problemas com formação de bancos de sedimento e plantas aquáticas, todos os reservatórios foram sobrevoados usando um helicóptero, nos dias 4 e 5 de Junho de 2001. Os resultados permitiram concluir que a ocorrência de plantas submersas, destacando-se Egeria densa e Egeria najas, foram as mais dependentes da transparência da água e transmissão de luz. A maior turbidez e sólidos suspensos contidos e a menor transmissão de luz alteram a freqüência de plantas submersas. Os reservatórios de Promissão e Nova Avanhandava foram os mais infestados com plantas submersas. A ocorrência de plantas marginais e flutuantes é muito dependente da formação de bancos de sedimentos. Os reservatórios de Barra Bonita, Bariri e Ibitinga foram os mais infestados com plantas marginais e flutuantes... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo). / Abstract: This research is a part of a lager project aiming the development of aquatic plants integrated management programs in five reservoirs of Tietê basin (Brazil - São Paulo State) used for the production of electric energy. The occurrence, relative importance and area occupied by different species of aquatic plants were correlated to the water and sediment composition. Water and sediment sampling and field evaluations were performed in June of 2001 (drought season), October / November of 2001 (start of rainy season) and February / March of 2002 (end of the rainy season). Information about total area occupied by marginal and floating plants available in the literature and obtained by the classification ETM+/Landsat images were also correlated to the results obtained in this research. Water samples were used to estimate the transmission or extinction of light from 190 to 900nm by water columns of 1m of thickness. Aiming a better understanding and register (in digital pictures) of the problems with the formation of sediment banks and aquatic plants, all the reservoirs were over flew, using a helicopter, in June 4th and 5th. The results allowed to conclude that the occurrence of submersed plants, pointing out Egeria densa and Egeria najas, is much dependent on the water transparency and light transmission. The higher the turbidity and the content of suspended solids the lower the light transmission change the frequency of submersed plants. The reservoirs of Promissão and Nova Avanhandava were the most infested ones with submersed plants. The occurrence of marginal and floating plants is much dependent on the formation of sediment banks. The reservoirs of Barra Bonita, Bariri e Ibitinga were the most infested ones with marginal and floating plants. The concentrations of P and N, the turbidity and the contents of suspended solids were reduced by the downstream... (Complete abstract, click electronic address below). / Orientador: Edivaldo Domingues Velini / Coorientador: Fernando Tadeu de Carvalho / Coorientador: Maria de Lourdes Bueno Trindade Galo / Doutor

The current state of the art in water quality profiling is reviewed to lay a foundation in addressing concerns over poor data in developing countries which has not been adequately covered by previous models. A particular focus is made on Ogbese River, southwest Nigeria as a case study. A process-based model with data-filling capability is projected which transforms processes into an event as a reasonably easy way for assessing and predicting river-water quality in the event of constraints in data collection. The structure of the study involves: (i) hydrologic modelling, (ii) hydraulic load modelling and (iii) instream water quality modelling. The hydrologic modelling assesses and makes use of satellite based rainfall estimates subject to processing and reliability tests. A modification to the conceptual relationship of rainfall distribution frequency which makes the model output sensitive to the season was derived. The hydraulic load modelling integrates diffuse sources of pollutant as spatial data in combination with the catchment runoff. A distance decay weighing factor was introduced into the export coefficient to better determine the effective load delivered into the stream. The utility of the model, implemented on WASP platform, was demonstrated by showing how it can be used for scenario testing. Different modelling concepts were evaluated in view of their ability to produce predictions under changing circumstances using the predictions as guide to management. This study promotes a knowledge base in water quality processes by evaluation of the processes which lead to the end product rather than using data monitoring. The study structures understanding of the phenomena that characterises river water quality and tailors it towards regulatory applications and catchment planning. It, also, provides a sustainable strategy to predict the river water quality, evaluate the risks, and take proactive action in setting up an early warning system, for data-poor regions.

Crayfish provide a model which is simple, has an easily-accessible cardiovascular system and can be maintained in the laboratory conditions; the model has good utility for water quality assessment and ethophysiological studies. A noninvasive crayfish cardiac and behavioral activities monitoring (NICCBAM) system is discussed in the thesis. The system is inexpensive, has relatively few components and permits long-term continuous simultaneous monitoring of cardiac and behavioral activities of several crayfish. Moreover, compared to other available systems, it provides a novel approach of cardiac activity shape analysis which allows improving monitoring accuracy as well as obtaining additional information on crayfish functional state. The NICCBAM system was evaluated by comparing with the well-known electrocardiography system which demonstrated that cardiac contractions with both approaches were synchronous and that both signal shapes were similar. Experiments on crayfish cardiac activity relative to selected odors and chemicals demonstrated the promising potential of cardiac signal shape analysis, not only for detecting changes in the aquatic environment, but also for their classification.

The aim of this diploma thesis was to analyse waste water quality from RAS, verification of its possible cleaning in a model of wastewater treatment plant using heterotrophic bacteria, experimentally compare the influence of used carbon source in the initial phase of bacteria cultivation and evaluation of biofloc usage in fish feed. Analysed water was obtained from rearing tanks, sewage water from mechanical filtration and tap water for filling the system. Wastewater treatment plant (built according to AS VARIOcomp K model) was divided into 3 parts (primary settling, activated part, secondary settling) and then filled with water from running BFT system. For carbon source comparing experiment 4 groups were used: flour, glucose, acetate and glycerol, each in 3 replications. Cultivation took 28 days and at the end the nutritional composition of each BFT system was evaluated. Water analyses showed that sewage water from mechanical filtration is nutrient rich and contain big amount of undissolved solids. This water is not suitable for purification in conventional system without pre-treatment. The model of water treatment plant purified approximately 50 l of water from vortex per day which was pumped back into RAS. Probably it would be capable of purifying bigger volume. Bacteria cultivation using different carbon sources is very similar to start-up of nitrifying bacteria in biofilter at the beginning. It was proved that biofloc is also capable of removing nitrates from water. The biggest measured concentration among groups was 1695 +- 438 mg.l-1 NO3- and in 6 days it decreased to 493 +- 409 mg.l-1. The average FVI for flour, glucose, acetate and glycerol were 102 +- 57; 267 +- 59; 219 +- 26 and 293 +- 9 ml.l-1 at the end of cultivation. Experiment comparing carbon sources also proved that nutritional composition of biofloc is similar to composition of commercial feed. Heterotrophic bacteria are also capable to cumulate heavy metals and mineral matter over time. Experiment with added biofloc to feed in amount 0 %, 25 % and 50 % did not show any statistically significant differences (p < 0,05) on survival rate, FCR and SGR between the groups of juvenile grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella).

PALÁCIO, Helba Araújo de Queiroz. Índice de qualidade das águas na parte baixa da bacia hidrográfica do rio Trussu, Ceará. 2004. 97 f. : Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Ceará, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Agrícola, Fortaleza-CE, 2004. / Submitted by demia Maia (demiamlm@gmail.com) on 2016-07-05T16:29:02Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2004_dis_haqpalacio.pdf: 1374184 bytes, checksum: 8d2be9d0aa23a84bc855f679d6ea6d92 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by demia Maia (demiamlm@gmail.com) on 2016-07-05T16:29:49Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2004_dis_haqpalacio.pdf: 1374184 bytes, checksum: 8d2be9d0aa23a84bc855f679d6ea6d92 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-05T16:29:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2004_dis_haqpalacio.pdf: 1374184 bytes, checksum: 8d2be9d0aa23a84bc855f679d6ea6d92 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004 / The main goal of this work was to evaluate the water quality in the Trussu River valley. The Trussu River drainage an area of 1,590 km2 and it is a tributary of left site of Jaguaribe River. This region located in Iguatu County, Ceará, Brazil. Drainaged waters are stored at Roberto Costa (Trussu) dam, which deliver water to human consume, livestock and irrigation in the last 20 km of the valley. In this study, a data reduction technique, Principal Componente Analysis (PCA), was used to develop a water quality index. Water samples were carried out every month from sept./2002 to mar./2004 in nine sample stations spread out the Trussu River area. Five of them are sited along the river and other four are located in shallow wells. It was analyzed the following variables: pH, EC, Na+, Ca+2, Mg+2, K+, Cl-, HCO3 -, PO4 -2, NH+ 4, NO3 - , SO4 -2 and SAR. The use of PCA technique has allowed the identification of variables that explain higher percentage of total variance. Also, PCA technique allowed the reduction of the 13 variables to two significant components that explain 83.44% of the total variance. The first one, PC1, (account for 64.10% of the variance) which can initially assigned to water mineralization. The second one, PC2, (account for 19.34% of the variance) is built from variables indicative of man-made effect. In a second step, these parameters were applied to develop a water quality index (WQI). The WQI showed up a good adequacy to evaluate the water quality in Trussu River valley. Also, results pointed up that water quality to shallow well has a high spatial variability. Sampling stations 8 and 9 registered the lowest WQIs and they were inapt to human consume, where WQIs were lowed than 30. Surface waters presented as suitable to human consume during the studied period with WQIs average over to 80. the anthropeic degradation was observed in sampling stations 6 and 7, where WQIs are lower than other stations sited in up land. These results can be explained by a bigger demographic concentration close to stations and the lack of sewer in the region. / O presente trabalho foi desenvolvido com o propósito de avaliar a qualidade das águas para aparte baixa da bacia hidrográfica do rio Trussu, localizada no município de Iguatu-CE. Este rio, que é afluente da margem esquerda do rio Jaguaribe, e drena uma área de 1590 km2. Suas águas são barradas pelo açude Roberto Costa (Trussu), o qual pereniza 20 km de rio com a finalidade de fornecer água para o consumo humano e a agropecuária do vale do Trussu. Neste estudo foi desenvolvido um índice de qualidade de água, utilizando a técnica de estatística multivariada, denominada análise da componente principal. Os dados empregados neste trabalho foram coletados mensalmente de setembro de 2002 a fevereiro de 2004, em cinco estações amostrais distribuídas ao longo do trecho perenizado e quatro poços rasos próximos ao rio Trussu. O estudo de qualidade de água considerou as seguintes variáveis físico-químicas: pH, condutividade elétrica, cálcio, magnésio, sódio, potássio, bicarbonato, fosfato, cloreto, amônio, nitrato, sulfato e relação de adsorção de sódio. A técnica da análise da componente principal (ACP) foi aplicada com o objetivo de selecionar as variáveis mais significativas para a variabilidade total dos dados. A ACP proporcionou a redução de 13 variáveis em duas componentes que explicaram 83,44% da variância total. A primeira componente (contendo 64,10% da variância) expressa o processo do intemperismo; podendo ser identificada como uma componente de mineralização das águas do rio Trussu. A segunda componente (19,34% da variância) é alusiva à contaminação orgânica; indicando uma componente representativa da ação antrópica. Em uma segunda etapa do estudo, estes parâmetros foram utilizados para desenvolver um índice de qualidade de água (IQA), para classificar este recurso na região. O IQA apresentou uma boa adequação para avaliar a qualidade das águas no vale do Trussu. Os resultados, também mostraram uma grande variabilidade espacial na qualidade das águas subterrâneas, existindo pontos em que a água é inadequada ao consumo humano (estações amostrais 08 e 09), com um IQA inferior a 30. As águas superficiais mostraram-se adequadas ao consumo humano ao longo de todo o período estudado, apresentando média de IQA acima de oitenta. A degradação antrópica da qualidade das águas superficiais pode ser claramente observada nas estações amostrais 06 e 07, onde o IQA é inferior às demais estações a montante. Esta menor qualidade de água pode ser atribuída à maior concentração demográfica da região e à ausência de saneamento básico.