Resumo: A qualidade da água do Córrego São Caetano no Município de Botucatu foi analisada através de parâmetros físico-químicos, microbiológicos e climáticos. Realizada no período de novembro de 2010 a setembro de 2011, bimestralmente em quatro pontos de amostragem, em duas estações predominantes, a chuvosa e a seca, com a meta de detectar possíveis alterações ao longo do sistema hídrico. Foram avaliadas as variáveis: temperatura do ar e da água, potencial hidrogeniônico (pH), condutividade elétrica, turbidez, oxigênio dissolvido, demanda bioquímica de oxigênio (DBO), carbono orgânico total (COT), nitrogênio, fósforo, cádmio, cromo, chumbo, mercúrio, coliformes totais, coliformes termotolerantes, pluviometria e radiação solar. A predominância do pH ácido com média de 6,3 na estação chuvosa e pH básico com média de 7,3 na estação de seca, associadas aos altos índices pluviométricos na estação chuvosa e baixos na estação de seca, contribuíram nas diluições e concentrações dos sais. A condutividade elétrica apresentou maior média no ponto 1 (327,4 μS.cm-1), indicativo de foco de contaminação poluidora por altas concentrações de sais e menor média no ponto 2 (159,8 μS.cm-1). O oxigênio dissolvido no ponto P4, de Maio a Setembro de 2011 atingiu o menor índice analisado de 1,38 mgO2.L-1, onde foi consumido o oxigênio disponível pela DBO, indicação de poluição de esgoto doméstico crítico por afetar o sistema aquático. As médias do COT na estação chuvosa apresentaram valores maiores que as médias do pH no mesmo período, em função da presença de carga orgânica, convertida em ácido através da degradação microbiana. O fósforo no ponto P4 apresenta valor máximo de 1,29 mg.L-1 em Maio de 2011, onde foi verificada ausência de chuvas nos 10 e 20 dias que antecederam as amostragens... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The water quality of the stream Sao Caetano in Botucatu was analyzed by physico-chemical, microbiological and climate. Held from November 2010 to September 2011, bimonthly in four sampling points in two seasons prevalent in wet and dry, with the goal of detecting possible changes along the water system. The variables: air temperature and water, hydrogen-ionic potential (pH), electrical conductivity, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), total organic carbon (TOC), nitrogen, phosphorus, cadmium, chromium, lead , mercury, total coliform, fecal coliform, rainfall and solar radiation. The predominance of acidic pH with an average of 6.3 during the rainy season and basic pH with an average of 7.3 in the dry season associated with high rainfall in the wet season and low during the dry season, contributed in dilutions and concentrations of salts . The electrical conductivity showed higher average in 1 (327.4 μS.cm-1), indicative of an outbreak of contamination polluting by high concentrations of salts and lowest average in 2 (159.8 μS.cm-1). Dissolved oxygen at point P4, May to September 2011 reached the lowest rate of 1.38 analyzed mgO2.L-1, where the available oxygen was consumed by the BOD, indicating pollution... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Orientador: Sérgio Campos / Coorientador: Assunta Maria Marques da Silva / Banca: Teresa Cristina Tarlei Pissarra / Banca: Osmar Delmanto Junior / Banca: Luciano Nardini Gomes / Banca: Fernanda Leite Ribeiro / Doutor

Thesis (M.S.)--Oregon State University, 2007. / Printout. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 198-204). Also available on the World Wide Web.

No description available.

Thesis (M.S. - Agricultural Economics)--University of Arizona. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 122-123).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Wageningen University, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Australian National University, 2002. / Australian Digital Theses Program. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 343-380).

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:31:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-08-28Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T21:02:48Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 souza_if_dr_botfca.pdf: 703505 bytes, checksum: 5864d03ac3378564dfedfcc30047f1e3 (MD5) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / A qualidade da água do Córrego São Caetano no Município de Botucatu foi analisada através de parâmetros físico-químicos, microbiológicos e climáticos. Realizada no período de novembro de 2010 a setembro de 2011, bimestralmente em quatro pontos de amostragem, em duas estações predominantes, a chuvosa e a seca, com a meta de detectar possíveis alterações ao longo do sistema hídrico. Foram avaliadas as variáveis: temperatura do ar e da água, potencial hidrogeniônico (pH), condutividade elétrica, turbidez, oxigênio dissolvido, demanda bioquímica de oxigênio (DBO), carbono orgânico total (COT), nitrogênio, fósforo, cádmio, cromo, chumbo, mercúrio, coliformes totais, coliformes termotolerantes, pluviometria e radiação solar. A predominância do pH ácido com média de 6,3 na estação chuvosa e pH básico com média de 7,3 na estação de seca, associadas aos altos índices pluviométricos na estação chuvosa e baixos na estação de seca, contribuíram nas diluições e concentrações dos sais. A condutividade elétrica apresentou maior média no ponto 1 (327,4 μS.cm-1), indicativo de foco de contaminação poluidora por altas concentrações de sais e menor média no ponto 2 (159,8 μS.cm-1). O oxigênio dissolvido no ponto P4, de Maio a Setembro de 2011 atingiu o menor índice analisado de 1,38 mgO2.L-1, onde foi consumido o oxigênio disponível pela DBO, indicação de poluição de esgoto doméstico crítico por afetar o sistema aquático. As médias do COT na estação chuvosa apresentaram valores maiores que as médias do pH no mesmo período, em função da presença de carga orgânica, convertida em ácido através da degradação microbiana. O fósforo no ponto P4 apresenta valor máximo de 1,29 mg.L-1 em Maio de 2011, onde foi verificada ausência de chuvas nos 10 e 20 dias que antecederam as amostragens... / The water quality of the stream Sao Caetano in Botucatu was analyzed by physico-chemical, microbiological and climate. Held from November 2010 to September 2011, bimonthly in four sampling points in two seasons prevalent in wet and dry, with the goal of detecting possible changes along the water system. The variables: air temperature and water, hydrogen-ionic potential (pH), electrical conductivity, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), total organic carbon (TOC), nitrogen, phosphorus, cadmium, chromium, lead , mercury, total coliform, fecal coliform, rainfall and solar radiation. The predominance of acidic pH with an average of 6.3 during the rainy season and basic pH with an average of 7.3 in the dry season associated with high rainfall in the wet season and low during the dry season, contributed in dilutions and concentrations of salts . The electrical conductivity showed higher average in 1 (327.4 μS.cm-1), indicative of an outbreak of contamination polluting by high concentrations of salts and lowest average in 2 (159.8 μS.cm-1). Dissolved oxygen at point P4, May to September 2011 reached the lowest rate of 1.38 analyzed mgO2.L-1, where the available oxygen was consumed by the BOD, indicating pollution... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

The Garden Route is situated between a mountain range and the ocean, both within close proximity. These geographic considerations make the farmers in the area vulnerable to extreme weather events, especially droughts and floods, which have been experienced in recent years. Agriculture in the area is predominantly focused on dairy and vegetables, which require intensive irrigation practices. It is this water demand that inspired adaptations to counteract the risks of extreme weather and dwindling water sources. These adaptations and behaviours were investigated to determine the underlying perceptions and influences. The research aimed to understand the way environmental knowledge would disseminate through the use of the Diffusion of Innovation theory, whilst determining the ecological worldviews of the participants through the use of the New Ecological Paradigm (NEP) scale. Both of these theories proved effective in researching the ecological perceptions of and various influences on the participants, with a few minor drawbacks. The data analysis investigated the research questions with a three-pronged approach. Interpersonal interviews and media content analysis of the local and agricultural media in the area was followed by analysing the two sets of findings, in order to find overlaps and relationships between the factors explored. The interviews were designed as semi-structured to allow for themes to emerge and were conducted mainly within the diary and beef industries, consisting of 24 participants. The media content analysis incorporated a niche agricultural magazine (32 articles) as well as the local newspaper (74 articles). The articles were coded for themes to allow for comparison between the two, and to provide an overall understanding of the media coverage. The use of the interviews and media content analysis concurrently, made it possible to determine the farmers’ perceptions of water conservation and the possible influences on these. By exploring this, the research endeavours to understand the dynamics between the farmers’ use of media and interpersonal networks and their water conservation practices. The farmers’ perceptions appeared to be predominantly shaped by agricultural media and interpersonal communities. The NEP scale responses exposed the clash between economic and environmental considerations. The farmers were acutely aware of their ecological impact and were employing various measures to counteract it. However, these were heavily dependent on their financial situation. This is in contrast to the NEP scale’s measuring of NEP statements contrasted with Dominant Social Paradigm (DSP) statements to determine ecological attitudes. These findings confirm previous research and demonstrate that modern farmers are more likely to adopt conservation practices than their traditional counterparts, if it helps achieve their economic, social and environmental goals. The importance of the historical context of South Africa’s water issues emerged, with the past and future proposed changes to water regulation and legislation affecting farmers’ perceptions. The move from agriculturally privileged water legislation to equitable distribution is affecting the farmers negatively, causing distrust towards the government. The research was successful in achieving an understanding of the effect of the mass media and interpersonal communication influences on the farmers’ perceptions of water conservation.

No description available.

Dams hold numerous benefits for society through their ability to store water on a long-term basis. However, it is well-known that there is a detrimental effect of dams on the rivers that they impound, and this has been taken into account by the South African National Water Act (1998). The Act specifies a two component Reserve to provide a basic water supply to humans and to provide protection to downstream rivers and their associated ecosystems. From an ecological perspective, emphasis is now placed on ensuring that flow in rivers is maintained in a state that closely mimics the natural flow regime in order to sustain the water resource and its associated aquatic ecosystems. The resulting challenge for water resources modelling is to develop operating rule frameworks that can account for water supply to multiple users, including the "environment" which represents downstream aquatic ecosystems. These frameworks need to consider both water stored in dams, as well as water in the river which has been allocated to different water uscrs. Such an operating rule framework has been implemented ID the daily time-step ACRU agrohydrological model in order to: (a) satisfy the requirements of water users in general, (b) (c) include the environment as a user of water, and thus attempt to satisfy the water requirements of rivers and their associated ecosystems by making artificial releases from dams using both a simple and a complicated approach for determining the environmental requirements. The framework identifies four types of water users, each of which are capable of requesting water from a water source. These users are: a domestic user, representing the basic human needs component of the Reserve, an environmental user, representing the ecological component of the Reserve, an industrial user and an irrigator. The environmental user can generate water requests using either a simple or a complex environmental request method. The simple approach has proved to be oversimplified while the complex approach is capable of producing a flow regime downstream of a dam that closely mimics the natural flow regime. Two operating rules are employed to supply water to the four users, a generic dam operating rule, which considers water requested from a dam, and a channel operating rule, which considers water requested from a river. The two operating rules determine the amounts of water that each user can receive through the use of a curtailment structure, where abstractions made by users are limited, based on the storage level in the dam. Extensive validation of the framework has taken place and a case study was undertaken on the Pongola-Bivane river system which includes the Paris Dam in order to run various real-life scenarios. The results obtained show not only that the operating rule framework is functioning correctly, but that the use of a curtailment structure holds advantages for increasing assurance levels of the water users. There is also evidence to suggest that future possibilities exist for practical application of the operating rule framework to "everyday" dam operations. / Thesis (M.Sc.)-University of Natal,Pietermaritzburg, 2001.