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Time-course of Muscle Damage and Performance Fatigue in the Squat, Bench Press, and Deadlift in Resistance Trained MenUnknown Date (has links)
This research examined the time-course of muscle damage in the squat, bench
press, and deadlift. Ten resistance-trained males performed four sets to failure with 80%
of one-repetition maximum (1RM) for each exercise on three separate weeks. Swelling,
range of motion (ROM), delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS), lactate dehydrogenase
(LDH), creatine kinase (CK), and average concentric velocity (ACV) were assessed pretraining
and at five timepoints post-training: -0, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours. Swelling
(p<0.01) increased immediately post-training, and DOMS (p<0.01) increased at 24 hours
post-training in the bench press condition. Additionally, DOMS increased at 48 hours in
both squat and deadlift conditions (p<0.01). Squat and deadlift elevated CK immediately
post-training (p<0.01), but LDH only increased in the squat post-training. Immediately
post in the bench press ACV was decreased (p<0.01) along with in the squat for up to 72
hours (p<0.01), however, ACV did not change following the deadlift (p>0.05). / Includes bibliography. / Thesis (M.S.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2018. / FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection
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The acute effects of moderate intensity circuit weight training on lipid-lipoprotein profilesLee, Young-soo 31 May 1990 (has links)
Few studies have examined the acute effects of
resistive-type exercise on lipid-lipoprotein profiles. This
study examined the acute effects of a single session of
circuit weight training (CWT) on plasma lipid-lipoprotein
profiles: triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high
density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density
lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and the ratio of TC to
HDL-C. The subjects in the study were 17 healthy, nonsmoking
male university students, ages of 18-25 years, enrolled in
weight lifting classes. Subjects were required to fast
overnight (at least 12 hours) before CWT. Subjects repeated
a four-station weight training circuit three times, with a
resistance determined by their individual 3 repetition
maximum (3-RM). The stations were bench press, parallel
squat, leg extension, and seated row.
Blood samples were drawn from the antecubital vein at
pre-CWT, completion of the 1st and 3rd circuits, and 15 min
post-CWT. All concentrations of plasma lipid and lipoprotein
cholesterol were corrected for plasma volume changes. A
repeated measures ANOVA was used to determine if significant
differences existed among mean values for the dependent
variables (i.e., levels of TG, TC, HDL-C, LDL-C, and
TC/HDL-C ratio at specified time points).
Results of the study indicated that plasma TC and HDL-C
levels were changed significantly during and following CWT.
However, the change was not in the anticipated direction:
Plasma TC and HDL-C levels were lower at completion of the
1st circuit of CWT (p<0.05). The ratios of TC to HDL-C were
changed significantly, reflecting a decrease in HDL-C during
CWT and a slight increase in HDL-C at 15 min post-CWT.
Plasma TG and LDL-C levels were not changed significantly
during CWT or 15 min post-CWT. It was concluded that
apparent changes in lipoprotein patterns occur during
short-term moderate intensity CWT and return to pre-CWT
levels in a relatively short time. / Graduation date: 1991
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The relationship of growth factor and muscle soreness to muscle hypertrophyKim, Jeong-Su January 1998 (has links)
The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationship between exercise induced muscle damage and growth factors during two different modes of exercise. Nine healthy untrained male subjects participated in this study and performed two separate single bouts of isokinetic concentric (Con) and eccentric (Ecc) leg extension exercise on the CYBEX NORMT°". The workload was maintained at 75% of 1 RM for each trial, respectively. The maximum sets of 10 repetitions were performed during the Con trial, and the number was also duplicated during the Ecc trial, with 40 seconds of rest between sets. Serum levels of hGH, creatine kinase (CK), and lactic acid were measured, and the CK level was used to determine the degree of muscle tissue damage. A muscle soreness questionnaire was provided to the subjects to assess the degree of quadriceps muscle soreness following each trial. The EMG activity of the rectus femoris and vastus medialis muscles was recorded during each trial. The results of the present study demonstrated no significant differences in hGH output and CK activity between the exercise trials, although there was a significant different lactic acid response (P < 0.05). However, the Con trial produced significant increases (P < 0.05) in hGH and CK levels above the resting value at the post-exercise times. In fact, the 75% Con trial conducted in this study induced an increase in hGH release (peak: 8.23 ± 3.21 ng/ml) that was 2 X higher than a 120% Ecc trial (peak: 3.8 ± 1.2 ng/mI) of the prior study. The results of the present study demonstrate that a single bout of Con resistance exercise at the same intensity (75% of 1 RM), angular velocity, and ROM as a single bout of Ecc exercise can produce greater increases in hGH output and CK response than its Ecc counterpart. This finding does not support the previous results from this laboratory, showing that Ecc exercise is a stronger promoter of hGH output. However, it suggests that the amount of work performed is an important factor for hGH release because the exercise volume applied in the present study was greater than that of the prior study. The CK response of the subjects in this study, as well as the previous work indicate that hGH output is also dependent on exercise that elicits muscle damage. Therefore, the results of the present study suggest that the mode of exercise, Con vs. Ecc, is not as important as the stress placed on the exercising muscle in order to induce optimal muscle hypertrophy. / School of Physical Education
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Effects of volume of resistance training on muscular strength and enduranceKaleth, Anthony Scott January 1998 (has links)
The American College of Sports Medicine recommends a resistance exercise routine that consists of a minimum of 1 set of 8-12 repetitions on 8-10 exercises, 2 times per week. These guidelines are less than traditional programs and are based on the premises that longer programs are associated with lower adherence and that additional sets and repetitions produce little, if any, additional increases in strength. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine if greater gains in strength and endurance could be attained by doubling the recommended dose. Sixteen subjects were randomly assigned to one of two training groups that performed 1 or 2 sets of 8-12 repetitions for 10 weeks on 7 exercises (chest press, lat pull-down, leg ext., leg curl, shoulder press, triceps ext., biceps curl) and 8 subjects were assigned to a non-training group. Pre- and post-training 1repetition maximum (RM) and muscular endurance were measured. To assess endurance, subjects completed as many repetitions as possible at 75% of their pre-training 1-RM on all exercises except the shoulder press (60% of 1-RM). Both training groups showed a significant increase in 1-RM strength and endurance compared to controls (P < 0.05). Only the biceps curl exercise showed a significant difference in strength between the two training groups (P < 0.05). The 2 sets group increased post-training endurance to a greater degree than the 1 set group, but only the lat pull-down exercise was significant (P < 0.05).. Contrary to previous studies, these findings pertain to 8-10 exercises that use larger muscle groups. It was concluded that 1 set of 8-12 repetitions was as effective as 2 sets in increasing muscular strength and endurance. / School of Physical Education
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The Effects of Eccentric Phase Duration on Concentric Outcomes in the Squat and Bench PressUnknown Date (has links)
The purpose of this research was to investigate the effects of eccentric phase
duration on concentric outcomes at 60% and 80% of one-repetition maximum (1RM) in
the squat and bench press. Sixteen resistance-trained males completed four laboratory
visits as follows: Day 1- 1RM testing; Day 2- establishment of normative eccentric
durations; Days 3 and 4- randomized fast (0.75 times) or slow (2 times) eccentric
duration variations, which were controlled by visual and auditory metronomes. Eccentric
duration was significantly and inversely correlated with average concentric velocity
(ACV) at 60% (r = 0.408) and 80% (r = -0.477) of 1RM squat and at 100% of 1RM
bench press. At 60% of 1RM squat, both fast and slow eccentric conditions produced
greater (p<0.001) peak concentric velocity (PCV) than normative duration with fast also
producing greater PCV than slow (p=0.044). Therefore, fast eccentric durations may
benefit concentric velocity. / Includes bibliography. / Thesis (M.S.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2018. / FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection
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Isokinetic muscular strength and endurance of active men over age 50 using different training protocolsJordan, Shawn D. 30 July 1991 (has links)
The purpose of this study was to compare the muscular
strength and endurance of thirty-two men 51 to 79 years of age who
engage in weight training (WT), aerobic training (AT), cross training
(CT), or no training (S). The design employed in the study was a 2x2
between subjects factorial design with weight training and aerobic
training as the two factors. A KIN/COM isokinetic dynomometer was
used to test muscular strength and endurance of the dominant leg
extensors and chest/shoulder complex. Strength of the leg
extensors and chest/shoulder complex were measured as peak torque
and peak force, respectively, at a velocity of 60 degrees/second.
Endurance of the same muscle groups was measured as the percent
decline over 50 continuous maximal contractions at a velocity of
180 degrees/second.
A two-way between subjects ANOVA and independent t-tests
were used to analyze the difference between mean muscular
strength and mean muscular endurance for each group. A significant
weight training effect was found for leg strength, with the WT and
CT groups (Weight Trained groups) exhibiting a greater peak torque
than the AT and S groups (Non-Weight Trained groups). Participating
in one of three training programs was found to have a significant
effect for chest and shoulder strength, with the WT, CT, and AT
groups exhibiting a greater peak force than the S group. However, no
significant difference was found between the WT, CT, and AT groups
for chest/shoulder strength. The WT group was found to have
significantly greater muscular endurance of the leg compared to the
S group. No other training effects were observed between any of the
groups for either muscular endurance test. / Graduation date: 1992
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Single muscle fiber adaptations to resistance training in men and women over 80 YSlivka, Dustin R. January 2006 (has links)
The purpose of this study was to investigate whole muscle and single muscle fiber adaptations in old men (OM) and old women (OW) over 80 years of age in response to progressive resistance training (PRT). Six OM (82±1 y, 74±4 kg, BMI 25±1 kg•m-2) and six OW (85±1 y, 67±3 kg, BMI 27±1 kg•m-2) resistance trained the knee extensors (3 sets, 10 repetitions) at 70% one repetition maximum 3 d•wk-1 for 12 wks. Vastus lateralis muscle biopsies were obtained before and after the PRT program. Isolated muscle fibers were studied in vitro at 15°C for diameter (Dia), peak tension (Po), unloaded shortening velocity (Vo), and absolute peak power (Abs Pwr). With PRT, OM increased whole muscle strength (40±6%, p<0.05), with no change in whole muscle size. OW also increased whole muscle strength (26±6%, p<0.05) without a change in whole muscle size. No differences were observed in any of the single muscle fiber parameters among MHC I or MHC IIa muscle fibers from OM or OW. The novel finding of this study was that despite an increase in whole muscle strength there was no change in whole muscle size, single fiber diameter, or single fiber contractile function. Given that there was no change in muscle size or cellular function with PRT, the improvement in whole muscle strength point to neurological changes. These data suggest that the hypertrophic mechanisms that are typically apparent in humans with PRT are attenuated in individuals over 80 y. / School of Physical Education, Sport, and Exercise Science
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The effects on strength, power, and body composition of an amino acid supplement, Rebuild II, following strength training in collegiate male basketball playersGoldman, Alissa January 2000 (has links)
Thirteen Ball State University, male basketball players participated in this study to examine the effects of an amino acid supplement, Rebuild IITM and glutamine, on strength and vertical jump performance. Rebuild IITM contains high levels of BCAA and glutamine.The thirteen subjects were divided into two groups, Rebuild IIT"'' (n=7) and placebo (n=6). Both groups participated in a ten week strength and conditioning training program. Subjects were pre and post-tested on the hang clean, bench press, squat, and the vertical jump. Changes in percent body fat were also compared. Pre and post measures were analyzed using a 2x2 ANOVA variance with a significant level set at p<0.05. Both groups showed significant increases between pre and post-test measurements in all of the variables measured, but could not be significantly proven to be due to treatment effect. It was concluded that with a controlled strength and conditioning program, basketball players would increase strength and vertical jump performance and decrease percent body fat. Yet in order to determine whether an amino acid supplement may further increase these measurements, a dietary recall must be obtained. / School of Physical Education
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The effect of progressive resistance training on the blood lipid profile in post-menopausal womenViljoen, Janet Erica January 2009 (has links)
The main purpose of this study was to assess the effect of progressive resistance training on the blood lipid profile in post-menopausal women. Thirty-four female subjects aged 50 to 75 years were selected from the population of Grahamstown, South Africa. All participants were previously sedentary and possessed at least one lipid profile abnormality but were otherwise healthy. Pre-tests included a sub-maximal stress Electrocardiogram, measures of stature, mass, central and limb girths as well as an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and a total blood lipid profile. Participants took part in a 24-week progressive resistance training programme, consisting of three supervised sessions per week, each lasting 45 minutes and were not permitted to lose more than 10% of initial body mass during the 24-week study. All pre-test measures, excluding the stress ECG and the OGTT, were repeated every four weeks for the duration of the study. Results were that body mass, body mass index and waist-to-hip ratio did not change. Girth measures at mid-humerus, chest, waist, hip, mid-quadricep and mid-gastrocnemius all decreased significantly (p=0.05). LDL-cholesterol increased significantly over the course of 24 weeks (3.61mmol.L-1 to 4.07mmol.L-1) as did total cholesterol (5.81mmol.L-1 to 6.24mmol.L-1). Triglyceride concentration remained unchanged and HDL-cholesterol decreased significantly between the pre-test measure (1.55mmol.L-1) and the measure after six months (1.42mmol.L-1). It can be concluded that the blood lipid profile in a sample of post-menopausal women was not positively affected by a progressive resistance training programme over a 24 week period. / Maiden name: Kelly, Janet Erica
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