Coral reef ecosystems are in rapid decline due to global and local anthropogenic factors. Being among the most diverse ecosystems on Earth, a loss will decrease species diversity, and remove food source for people along the coast. The coral together with its symbionts (i.e. Symbiodinium, bacteria, and other microorganisms) is called the ‘coral holobiont’. The coral host offers its associated symbionts suitable habitats and nutrients, while Symbiodinium and coral-associated bacteria provide the host with photosynthates and vital nutrients. Association of corals with certain types of Symbiodinium and bacteria confer coral stress tolerance, and lack or loss of these symbionts coincides with diseased or bleached corals. However, a detailed understanding of the coral holobiont diversity and structure in regard to diseases and health states or across global scales is missing. This dissertation addressed coral-associated symbiont diversity, specifically of Symbiodinium and bacteria, in various coral species from different geographic locations and different health states. The main aims were (1) to expand the scope of existing technologies, (2) to establish a standardized framework to facilitate comparison of symbiont assemblages over coral species and sites, (3) to assess Symbiodinium diversity in the Arabian Seas, and (4) to elucidate whether coral health states have conserved bacterial footprints. In summary, a next generation sequencing pipeline for Symbiodinium diversity typing of the ITS2 marker is developed and applied to describe Symbiodinium diversity in corals around the Arabian Peninsula. The data show that corals in the Arabian Seas are dominated by a single Symbiodinium type, but harbor a rich variety of types in low abundant. Further, association with different Symbiodinium types is structured according to geographic locations. In addition, the application of 16S rRNA gene microarrays to investigate how differences in microbiome structure relate to differences in health and disease demonstrate that coral species share common microbial footprints in phenotypically similar diseases that are conserved between regional seas. Moreover, corals harbor bacteria that are species-specific and distinct from the diseased microbial footprints. The existence of conserved coral disease microbiomes allows for cataloging diseases based on bacterial assemblage over coral species boundaries and will greatly facilitate future comparative analyses.

The following essay explores the connection between pandemic dystopian fiction and a pedagogy of discomfort through a critical reading of The White Plague by Frank Herbert. It is advocated in this essay that a critical reading of the novel can give rise to uncomfortable topics related to living in a pandemic reality, which in turn can be incorporated in an ESL setting to encourage critical inquiry and action. Grounded in a thematic analysis of the novel, it is demonstrated that The White Plague can be used to discuss uncomfortable topics such as fear of biogenetic engineering, fear of others, nationalism, national identity, deglobalisation, violence against women, patriarchy, and traditional gender roles. Contextualised withincontemporary history, tradition, ideology, and recontextualised with the current COVID-19 pandemic, the essay confirms that a critical reading of The White Plague carries the potential to promote a pedagogy of discomfort inside an ESL classroom.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T19:31:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ana Margarida Furtado Arruda Rosemberg.pdf: 11239263 bytes, checksum: 73ecd6b65fbfc478387d16b082e62ea6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-05-05 / The objective of this research is to show the war against Tuberculosis in São Paulo city from 1899 to 1947; the life and work of Clemente Ferreira, pioneer in the fight against Tuberculosis in Brazil, and, also the importance of this disease in popular language and in the minds of those working in this field at this time. Its describes the setting up and work of the Liga Paulista against Tuberculosis, a charitable organization founded in 1899 by Clemente Ferreira and collaborators, pointing out its main weapons: dispensary, prevention institution, sanatorium and hospital. Also included is the functioning of the model Clemente Ferreira Dispensary, the first of its kind in the struggle against Tuberculosis in São Paulo city in the first 30 years of the 20th century. Furthermore the role of the journal Defesa contra a Tísica the official organ of Liga Paulista in making the population and law makers aware of the importance of relating the seriousness of Tuberculosis and the necessity of the government to take responsibility and support the fight. This work also analyzes those involved in this area in popular language and in what they thought. It shows the importance of charitable associations at the beginning of the 20th century to make the control of Tuberculosis in Brazil and, specifically, in São Paulo city, a matter of interest and responsibility of the state / Esta pesquisa se propõe a mostrar a guerra travada contra a tísica, na capital paulista, de 1899 a 1947; a vida e a obra de Clemente Ferreira, pioneiro da luta contra a tuberculose no Brasil e as representações da tuberculose nas linguagens sociais e no imaginário dos tisiólogos, no mesmo período. Descreve a criação e a atuação da Liga Paulista contra a Tuberculose, uma sociedade beneficente fundada, em 1899, por Clemente Ferreira e colaboradores, destacando os seus armamentos: dispensário, preventório, sanatório e hospital. Evidencia a ação do Dispensário-Modêlo Clemente Ferreira , baluarte da luta contra a tuberculose na capital de São Paulo, nos primeiros 30 anos do século XX. Mostra, ainda, a importância da revista Defesa Contra a Tísica , órgão oficial da Liga Paulista, na conscientização da população e dos governantes em relação à gravidade da tuberculose e a necessidade do governo assumir e apoiar a luta. Este trabalho, também, analisa as representações da tuberculose nas linguagens sociais e no imaginário dos tisiólogos. Evidencia, enfim, a importância das associações filantrópicas no começo do século XX, para tornar o controle da tuberculose, no Brasil e, em particular, em São Paulo, uma questão de interesse e responsabilidade do Estado