Yes / An assessment of the performance of OFDM transmissions over the wideband mobile radio channel is reported. The simulation in MATLAB /Simulink is based on the CODIT channel model. The results show that BER deteriorates significantly as the mobile velocities increase from 0 to 30 m/s. Significant variability in the BER for a given channel type is quantified. For a given instance of the channel the standard deviation of the estimated BER is 20%, but when averaged over many separate instances of the same channel type, a standard deviation of 47% is found.

<p> A two-part scheme for the design of wideband linear phase SAW filters is proposed. The design uses curved finger interdigital transducers, and extension of slanted finger design, to compensate for circuit effects and eliminate the need for matching. Theory is combined with distortion minimizing techniques to realize devices which satisfy INTELSAT filter specifications. </p> <p> Basic SAW theory is reviewed. and curved finger theory presented, while methods of distortion minimization are both reviewed and proposed. Experimental results which illustrate and support the theory given are included. </p> / Thesis / Master of Engineering (MEngr)

Im Energie- und Produktionssektor ist für das Heben von Potentialen für Energie- und Ressourceneffizienz von Prozessen viel Sensorik notwendig. Verkabelte Systeme sind dafür aufgrund hoher Installationskosten und geringer Flexibilität oftmals nicht geeignet. Notwendig ist ein kostengünstiges, nachrüstbares und energieautarkes drahtloses Sensornetzwerk (WSN – Wireless Sensor Network) für Energie- und Condition Monitoring (Strom-, Spannungs-, Vibrations-, Temperaturmessung). Ein wesentlicher Innovationsschritt ist die Anwendung und intelligente Kombination neuer Funktechnologien wie UWB (Ultra-Wideband) und LoRa (Long Range) sowie von Energy Harvesting zum autarken Betrieb der Sensorknoten. Mit einem systemischen Ansatz der Kombination vorgenannter Komponenten wird das Sensornetz hinsichtlich Verlässlichkeit, Skalierbarkeit und Flexibilität in Bezug auf die Anwendung optimiert. Der Proof-of-Concept (PoC) wird mit einem Testaufbau des WSN im Labormaßstab an konkreten Use Cases aus den Bereichen Windkraftanlagen und industrieller Produktion erbracht.

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Impulse-based Ultrawideband (UWB) is a form of signaling which uses streams of pulses of very short duration, typically on the order of a nanosecond. Impulse-based UWB systems possess the ability to fuse accurate position-location with low-data rate communication, and provide covertness for tactical applications and robustness in dense multipath propagation environments. These features can be leveraged in the design wireless ad hoc position-location networks (PoLoNets) for accurate location tracking and monitoring where GPS is not available, especially indoors. Location information is sequentially propagated through a network of reference nodes in order to create a framework for the tracking of mobile nodes, as well as a multi-hop message-passing infrastructure between mobile nodes and control nodes located outside the area of deployment. The applications of such networks include the location and command-and-control of fire-fighters in emergency scenarios, the location of military personnel deployed in urban or indoor environments, and the guidance of robots through large multi-room indoor environments. The main objective of this dissertation is to derive design principles, techniques and analytical models for UWB PoLoNets that are useful in the development of practical solutions. Some of the fundamental obstacles to obtaining accurate location information in indoor environments are non-line-of-sight (NLOS) signal propagation, limited connectivity between nodes, and the propagation of localization inaccuracies when using sequential estimation approaches in ad hoc scenarios. Several techniques and algorithms that mitigate these effects, thereby allowing the design of PoLoNets with requisite localization accuracy, are presented. Although these techniques are developed from the perspective of a UWB physical layer, the majority are applicable to generic PoLoNets. / Ph. D.

A new methodology is presented for characterizing an antenna system both in the time and frequency domain with one set of parameters using a singularity expansion method representation. A minimal set of parameter modeling antenna systems using the Matrix-Pencil method has been demonstrated. It has been shown that it is possible to obtain frequency-domain patterns from pole/residue models of antenna realized effective length. Thus, a pole/residue model of the antenna realized effective length presents a complete description in both the time and frequency domains. Once such a model is available, one can obtain the antenna pattern, directivity and gain in the frequency domain and the radiated transient waveform for an arbitrary excitation waveform and an arbitrary antenna orientation. / Ph. D.

A unique property of spherical and hemispherical helical antennas is that they provide very broad half-power beamwdiths and circular polarization over a narrow bandwidth. In this thesis, new designs for hemispherical helical antennas are introduced that provide significant improvement in bandwidth, while maintaining the directivity and half-power beamwidth of the basic design. In the basic design, a simple wire of circular cross section is wound on the surface of a hemisphere, whereas in the proposed new designs a metallic strip forms the radiating element. Furthermore, the metallic strip may be tapered and tilted relative to the hemispherical surface, allowing wider bandwidth to be achieved. The antenna is fed by a coaxial cable with the inner conductor connected, through a matching section, to the radiating strip and its outer conductor connected to a ground plane. Radiation properties of the proposed hemispherical helical antennas are studied both theoretically and experimentally. A commercial software, based on the method of moments, is used to perform the numerical analysis of these helices. Three-dimensional far-field patterns, axial ratio, directivity, and voltage standing-wave ratio (VSWR) are calculated for several designs. The impacts of tapering as well as tilting of the metallic strip on radiation characteristics are examined. Also, matching of the proposed hemispherical antennas to 50â ¦ transmission lines is addressed. A 4.5-turn hemispherical helix with tapered radiating element and zero degree tilt angle, (metallic strip is perpendicular to the hemisphere axis of symmetry) provides the largest overall bandwidth. A nonlinearly tapered matching section is incorporated into the design in order to reduce the VSWR. For this design, an overall measured bandwidth of about 24% at a center frequency of 3.35 GHz is achieved. Over this bandwidth, the axial ratio remains below 3 dB, the VSWR is less than 2, and the directivity is about 9 ±1 dB. A half- power beamwidth of 70° is also obtained. A prototype of the best design was fabricated and tested using the VT indoor antenna range. Radiation patterns, the scattering parameter S₁₁, and the axial ratio were measured. The measured and simulated results agree reasonably well. In particular, agreements between measured and calculated far-field patterns and VSWR are quite remarkable. This compact, low profile antenna might find useful applications in avionics, global positioning systems (GPS), and high data rate wireless communication systems. / Master of Science

With the decrease in availability of non-renewable energy sources coupled with the increase in the amount of energy required for the operation of personal electronic devices there has been an increased focus on developing systems that take advantage of renewable energy sources. Renewal energy sources such as photovoltaic (PV) panels have become more popular due to recent developments in PV panel manufacturing that decreases material costs and improves energy harvesting efficiency. Since PV sources are DC sources power conversion stages have to be used in order to interface this power to the existing electrical utility system. The structure of large scale PV systems usually consists of several PV panels connected in series to achieve a high input source voltage that can be fed into a high power centralized DC-AC inverter. The drawback to this approach is that when the PV panels are subjected to less than ideal conditions. If a single PV panel is subjected to drastically less solar irradiation during cloud conditions, then its output power will drop dramatically. Since this panel is series connected with the other PV panels, their current output is also dragged low decreasing the power output of the system. Algorithms that have the power converter operate at different input conditions allow the system to operate at a maximum power point (MPP), however this only allows the system to operate at a higher power point and not the true MPP. To get around this limitation a new PV system implementation was created by giving each panel its own DC-AC power conversion system. This configuration gives each panel the ability to operate at its own MPP increasing the total system energy harvest. Another advantage of the single panel DC-AC microinverter power conversion stage is that the outputs are parallel connected to the utility grid easily allowing the ability to expand the system without having to shut down the entire system. The most prevalent implementation of the microinverter consists of a single power converter that uses the PV low voltage DC and outputs high voltage AC. In order to ensure that the double line AC ripple does not propagate to the PV panel a large bank of electrolytic capacitors are used to buffer the ripple. There is concern that the electrolytic capacitor will degrade over time and affect the system efficiency. To get around having to use electrolytic capacitors a two stage microinverter has been proposed. The two stage microinverter consists of a DC-DC converter that steps up the low DC voltage of the PV panel to high voltage DC and the second stage is a DC-AC inverter that takes the high voltage DC and converts it to high voltage AC. There is a capacitor that connects the two power converter stages called the DC link capacitor which can buffer the double line energy ripple without using electrolytic capacitors. This thesis focuses on the review of several DC-AC inverter topologies suitable for use in PV microinverter systems. Operation capabilities such as common mode noise and efficiency are compared. The main focus of the review is to determine the optimal DC-AC inverter using the performance metrics of cost, efficiency and common mode performance. A 250 W prototype is built for each inverter topology to verify its performance and operation. / Master of Science

Yes / Two miniature low profile PIFLA antennas with a compact volume size of 30mm × 15mm × 8mm has presented in this paper. By applying the magnetic wall concept a reduced size dual-band and a wideband half PIFLAs for WLAN (2.4GHz/5.2GHz) and UWB applications are achieved. The dual-band antenna shows a relative bandwidth of 12% and 10.2% at ISM2400 and IEEE802.11a frequency bands respectively for input return loss less than 10dB. By carefully tuning the geometry parameters of the dual-band proposed antenna, the two resonant frequencies can be merged to form a wide bandwidth characteristic, to cover 3000MHz to 5400 MHz bandwidth (57%) for a similar input return loss that is fully covering the lower band UWB (3.1-4.8GHz) spectrum. The experimental and simulated return losses on a small finite ground plane of size 30mm × 15mm show good agreement. The computed and measured radiation patterns are shown to fully characterize the performance of the proposed two antennas. / MSCRC