In many Resistance-Capacitance Oscillators the oscillation amplitude is controlled by the use of a temperature-dependent resistor incorporated in the negative feedback loop. The use of thermistors and tungsten lamps is discussed and an approximate analysis is presented for the behaviour of the tungsten lamp. The result is applied in an analysis of the familiar Wien Bridge Oscillator both for the presence of a linear circuit and a cubic nonlinearity. The linear analysis leads to a highly unstable transient response which is uncommon to most oscillators. The inclusion of the slight cubic nonlinearity, however, leads to a result which is in close agreement to the observed response. / Thesis / Master of Engineering (MEngr)

No description available.

Impedance measurement as a function of frequency is being increasingly used for the detection of organic molecules. The main building block required for this is a sinusoidal oscillator whose frequency can be varied in the range of a few KHz to tens of MHz. The thesis describes the design of Integrated CMOS Oscillator Circuits. There are 2 designs presented in the thesis, one of which is based on the Wien Bridge and the other, on an LC architecture. They provide both in-phase and quadrature outputs needed for the determination of the real and imaginary parts of complex impedances. The inductor in the LC tank is realized by gyration of a capacitor. This needs two variable transconductance elements. Linear transconductance elements with decoupled transconductance gm and output conductance go is presented. A novel circuit for detecting and controlling the amplitude of oscillation is described. A current mode technique to scale the capacitance is also discussed. Since this oscillator is used in an inexpensive hand-held instrument, both power consumption and chip area must be minimized. A comparison between the Wien Bridge and the LC tank based oscillator is presented. Simulation results pertaining to the design of the different blocks of the circuit are made available. / text

[pt] Nos Institutos Nacionais de Metrologia para a medição da grandeza de indutância com alta exatidão usam-se circuitos especiais, desenvolvidos e montados pelos próprios laboratórios. Esta dissertação de mestrado descreve o desenvolvimento e a realização de uma nova construção da ponte de Maxwell-Wien, usada para a padronização e disseminação da unidade henry do Instituto Nacional de Metrologia, Normalização e Qualidade Industrial - INMETRO. Na parte teórica do trabalho o conceito do erro complexo é introduzido e, usando este método mais generalizado, os erros nos circuitos de medição e o efeito de impedâncias parasitas internas e externas são analisados. Métodos de compensação para minimizar estes erros são tratados. Na parte prática da dissertação, a partir das características de indutores padrão, os esquemas mais conhecidos de pontes de Maxwell-Wien são estudados. Os conceitos de inovação para desenvolver uma nova ponte de estrutura não tradicional, os métodos aplicados e a construção realizada são descritos detalhadamente. O trabalho é completado por um programa de avaliação das medições, desenvolvido em linguagem C, no ambiente de LabWindows/CVI (C for Virtual Instrumentation, produto da National Instruments). Os resultados de calibrações sistemáticas e de comparações internacionais são resumidos, comprovando que, apesar das soluções e métodos simples, a nova ponte está oferecendo boa repititividade e alta exatidão, atingindo o desempenho das pontes de laboratórios Primários. / [en] In national institutes of metrology, for the high precision measurement of inductance special circuits are used, developed and constructed by the laboratories themselves. This dissertation for a master degree describes the development and realisation of a new Maxwell-Wien bridge that is used for the standardisation and dissemination of the unit of inductance in the National Institute of Metrology, Standardization and Industrial Quality - INMETRO. In the theoretical part of this work the concept of the complex error is introduced and, using this generalised method, the errors of measurement circuits as well as the effects of internal and external stray impedance are analysed. Methods of compensation to minimise these errors are also treated. In the practical part of the dissertation, starting from the characteristics of standard inductors, the most known arrangements of Maxwell-Wien bridges are studied. The innovative concepts to develop a new bridge of non-traditional structure, the methods applied and the realised construction are described in details. The work is completed by a computer program to evaluate measurement data, developed in language C, in the environment of LabWindows/CVI, (C for Virtual Instrumentation, product of National Instruments). The results of systematic calibrations and that of international comparisons are resumed, proving that, in spite of simple solutions and methods, the new bridge is offering high accuracy and repeatability, attaining the performance of the bridges of primary laboratories. / [es] En los Institutos Nacionales de Metrologia para la medición de inductancia con alta exatitud se usan circuitos especiales, desarrollados y montados por los proprios laboratorios. Esta disertación de maestría describe el desarrollo y la realización de una nueva construcción del puente de Maxwell-Wien, usada para la padronización y diseminación de la unidad henry del Instituto Nacional de Metrologia, Normalización y Calidad Industrial - INMETRO. En la parte teórica del trabajo, se introduce el concepto de error complejo y, utilizando este método mas generalizado, se analizan los errores en los circuitos de medición y el efecto de impedancias parásitas internas y externas. Son discutidos métodos de compensación para minimizar estos errores. En la parte práctica de la disertación se estudian, a partir de las características de inductores padrón, los esquemas mas conocidos de puentes de Maxwell-Wien. Se descriven detalladamente los conceptos de innovación para desarrollar un nuevo puente de extructura no tradicional, los métodos aplicados y la construcción realizada. EL trabajo es completado por un programa de avaliación de las mediciones, desarrollado en lenguaje C, en el ambiente de LabWindows/CVI (C for Virtual Instrumentation, producto de la National Instruments). Se resumen los resultados de calibraciones sistemáticas y de comparaciones internacionales, comprobando que, apesar de las soluciones y métodos simples, el nuevo puente ofrece buena repititividad y alta exatitud, alcanzando el desempeño de los puentes de laboratorios Primarios.

No description available.

This master‘s thesis focuses on optimization of power and control circuits of an inverter, which was developed at UVEE. The principle of function and circuit implementation of a single-phase inventer, various calculations (design of an LC filter, DC link capacitor, semiconductor elements and heat sink) are described in the thesis. A design of fast overcurrent protections, oscillator and saw signal generator is included. Furthermore, a printed circuit board was designed which was optimized by thermal simulation in the Workbench Ansys. Subsequently, the printed circuit board was mounted, debugged and verification measurements were performed on it. At the end of the thesis there is a documentation for the implemented equipment.