Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-15T20:31:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MariaGCO_DISSERT.pdf: 3651986 bytes, checksum: 2ab08d5fd194352621c2b0fa211f2e22 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-08-08 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Inhalation anesthesia has been widespread in veterinary medicine. Nevertheless, its use in wild animals is still limited, having no studies on its use been observed in the species. The objective of the research was to determine the isoflurane minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) in peccaries and present the effects of its administration on the hemodynamic and respiratory variables, as well as data concerning the anesthesia recovery. The study used 10 male animals with age ranging from 1 to 3 years, from the Centro de Multiplicação de Animais Silvestres of Universidade Federal Rural do SemiÁrido, Brazil. All the animals had anesthesia induced with propofol 7mg.kg-1, were intubated and connected to the anesthetic circuit with isoflurane and 100% oxygen. The supramaximal noxious stimulation used was the interdigital pinch, which was performed after 15 minutes of waiting for each provided isoflurane concentration. When negative response to the stimulus was observed, the concentration was reduced by 20%; when positive response was verified, the stimulus was stopped, being the CAM value calculated from that point. Quantitative and qualitative data regarding recovery were also observed. Shapiro-Wilk test for normality was performed, as well as Levene test for equality of variance; the variables were subjected to One Way RM ANOVA for repeated measures followed by Tukey test, and the data expressed as mean and standard deviation. The MAC of isoflurane was 2.4% and the surgical MAC equal to 3.5%. Depressive action of isoflurane on blood pressure, heart and breathing rates was observed when compared to the average of the variables on awake animals; however, during maintenance of anesthesia, they remained stable. Metabolic acidosis was observed in the preanesthetic, which was offset after inhalation anesthesia. Recovery was quiet and smooth. It was concluded that the isoflurane MAC for peccaries was greater than that observed in related species. Isoflurane can be used in this species, being considered safe and effective. The animal s recovery after anesthesia with isoflurane was free from excitement / A anestesia inalatória vem sendo amplamente difundida na medicina veterinária, no entanto seu uso em animais selvagens ainda é restrito, não sendo observado nenhum estudo referente à sua utilização na espécie Tayassu tajacu. O objetivo da pesquisa foi determinar a concentração alveolar mínima (CAM) do isofluorano em catetos e apresentar os efeitos desta administração sobre as variáveis hemodinâmicas e respiratórias, como também a qualidade da recuperação. Utilizou-se 10 animais, machos, com idade variando de 1 a 3 anos oriundos do Centro de Multiplicação de Animais Silvestres da Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, Brasil. Todos tiveram anestesia induzida com 7 mg.kg-1 de propofol e posteriormente foram conectados a circuito anestésico com isofluorano e oxigênio 100%. O estímulo noceptivo supramáximo adotado foi pinçamento interdigital, o qual era realizado após 15 minutos de espera para cada concentração de isofluorano fornecida. Ao ser observada resposta negativa frente ao estímulo a concentração era reduzida em 20%, quando verificada resposta positiva o estímulo era cessado, calculando-se a partir daí o valor da CAM. Observou-se dados quantitativos e qualitativos referentes à recuperação. Utilizou-se o teste de normalidade de Shapiro Wilk e de homogeneidade de variânica de Levene, as variáveis avaliadas foram submetidas à One Way ANOVA-RM para medidas repetidas, seguidas por Teste Tukey, sendo os dados expressos em média e desvio padrão. A CAM do isofluorano foi de 2,4%, sendo a CAM cirúrgica igual a 3,5%. Observou-se ação depressiva do isofluorano sobre a pressão arterial, frequência cardíaca e respiratória quando comparada a média dessas variáveis para animais acordados, entretanto durante a manutenção anestésica mantiveram-se estáveis. Observou-se acidose metabólica no período pré-anestésico o qual foi compensado após a realização da anestesia inalatória. A recuperação anestésica foi tranquila e rápida. Concluiu-se que a CAM do isofluorano para catetos foi maior que a observada em espécies afins. O isofluorano pode ser utilizado nesta espécie, sendo considerado seguro e eficaz. A recuperação dos animais após anestesia com isofluorano foi livre de excitação

Os bichos-preguiça são animais extremamente sensíveis e sofrem com a destruição e a fragmentação das matas. Apresentam baixa taxa de crescimento populacional e necessitam serem mais estudados para que se possa pensar na preservação da espécie. Este estudo teve como objetivo captar informações sobre o sêmen deste animal. Para tanto 18 machos foram capturados em Manaus (AM), Valença (RJ) e Santos (SP), quinze da espécie Bradypus trydactilus e três B. variegatus. Após a captura, os animais foram anestesiados com cloridrato de quetamina (Vetaset® ? Fort Dodge) na dosagem de 10mg/kg associada com cloridrato de xilazina (Kensol® ? König), na dosagem de 1mg/kg, administrado por via intra-muscular. Os eletrochoques foram aplicados em seqüências de três intensidades progressivas de choques, com dez repetições para cada intensidade e variação de 10 mA entre elas. Iniciou-se com 20 mA, atingindo o máximo de 60 mA. A cada série de 3 intensidades de choque realizou-se um intervalo de aproximadamente 3 minutos, após o qual se reiniciou a seqüência com 10 mA acima da mA inicial da seqüência anterior. Cada estímulo durou aproximadamente 3 segundos. O sêmen colhido foi processado conforme as técnicas utilizadas para animais domésticos, realizou-se também preparação para microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Todos os animais ejacularam uma pequena quantidade de sêmen, porém em alguns o volume ejaculado foi insuficiente para a realização do espermiograma completo. Os espermatozóides apresentaram grande variedade de defeitos e as características observadas nas colheitas do primeiro semestre eram distintas das observadas no segundo semestre, porém os dados ainda não foram suficientes para a padronização do sêmen ou para definições mais precisas da existência de sazonalidade. Embora maiores estudos sejam necessários, este estudo foi pioneiro e mostrou a possibilidade de colheita de sêmen através da eletroejaculação nesta espécie. / Sloths are extremely sensitive animals that suffer with the destruction and fragmentation of forests. They present a low population growth rate and need to be further studied for the preservation of the species. This study intended to contribute with information about their semen. In order to do that, 18 male individuals were captured in Manaus (AM), Valença (RJ), and Santos (SP), fifteen of them belonging to the Bradypus tridactylus, and three to the B. Variegatus spieces. After being captured, animals were anesthetized with an intramuscular injection of a combination of 10mg/kg ketamine hydrochloride (Vetaset® ? Fort Dodge) and 1mg/kg of xylazine hydrochloride (Kensol® ? König). Electroshocks were givem in sequences of three progressive intensities, with ten repetitions for each intensity and variation of 10 mA between them. They started with 20 mA and peaked at 60 mA. For each series of 3 shock intensities, there was an interval of approximately 3 minutes, after which they received a new sequence 10 mA above the initial mA of the previous sequence. Each stimulus lasted about 3 seconds. The semen collected was processed according to the techniques used for domestic animals. Spermatozoa were also analyzed by electron scanning microscopy. All animals ejaculated small quantities of semen, and in some of them the volume ejaculated was not enough for a complete spermiogram. Spermatozoa presented a wide variety of defects and the features seen in the collections of the first half of the year were different from those seen in the specimen collected in the second half of the year. Nevertheless, the data were not sufficient to standardize semen, neither to define seasonality more precisely. Although further studies are necessary, this study has shown the possibility of collecting semen through electroejaculation in this species.

Thesis (LLM.) -- University of Limpopo, 2016 / Rhinoceros (Rhinos) are poached at an alarming high rate in South Africa. The 1973 Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), prohibited the trade of rhino horns amongst its member states. Even though there are existing pieces of legislation in South Africa to curb the killing and illegal trade of rhino horns, compliance authorities rarely impose stringent sentences on culprits caught poaching rhinos. There should be stringent enforcement of laws on poachers and if caught, perpetrators should be brought to justice in order to deter aspiring or ambitious would-be perpetrators. Amendment of legislation currently used in South Africa on rhino poaching cases, if applied vigorously, would be more developmental in curbing the scourge. The syndicate are highly skilled and well equipped for the execution of illicit poaching. It is in few instances that perpetrators are arrested and prosecuted. Even if arrested and prosecuted, lenient sentences are imposed upon conviction. The most noticeable lacuna in South African Criminal Justice System, is the lack of capacity and skills in investigations and successful prosecutions of rhino poachers. Worst still, despite frequent media reports on the alarming rate of rhino poaching cases, few arrests and convictions are reported. This mini dissertation looks at rhino poaching as an organised crime, and focuses on literature review, legal framework and regulations, as well as comparative study on legislation which can be used to prosecute the perpetrators of this organised crime. The discourse recommends amendment of legislation presently used to prosecute rhino poaching offenders, and advocates that they should be stringently applied in order to curb the scourge.

The submitted M.Sc. thesis describes development in populations of the bird and mammalian species, having been involved in human - wildlife conflicts, particularly of the specially protected species, in the Czech Republic as well as in compensation payments for damages caused on private properties by the selected specially protected wild animal species. At the same time, it compares various tools, applied to solve human - willdife conflicts in the different parts of the world. The study presents information provided by governmental authorities or gained from grey literature, expert databases and scientific papers. Trends both in the development in conflict species populations and in compensation payments were assessed and the relationship between both variables was found. In total, payments for damages caused by conflict wild animal species has been increasing in the Czech Republic since 2000, but trends in the conflict species populations differ from each other, influenced particularly by their bionomics. The analysis performed shows, that the act on the topic is effective only for some of the above wild animal species. For large carnivores, namely the Grey Wolf (Canis lupus), Eurasian Lynx (Lynx lynx) and Brown Bear (Ursus arctos), the above tool does not provide suitable solutions for their...

Thematic Paper (M.Sc. (Environmental Management))--Mahidol University, 2005.

Despite the characteristic cross-disciplinarity of animal studies, interactions between literary and scientific researchers have been negligible. In response, this project develops a framework of practical zoocriticism, an interdisciplinary lens which synthesizes methodologies from science, animal advocacy, and literature. A primary focus of this model is the complex relationship between literary representations of animals, scientific studies of animal cognition, and practical and theoretical work advocating animal protection. This thesis proposes that the Canadian wild animal stories of Ernest Thompson Seton and Charles G.D. Roberts operate at an intersection of these three factors. Their potential for facilitating reciprocal communication has not been recognized, however, due to their damaged representation within Canadian literature as a consequence of the Nature Fakers controversy. By re-contextualizing and re-evaluating these texts this project illuminates the unique contributions made by these authors. It also offers new evidence of the intersecting discourses and ideologies that stimulated the controversy. Re-defining the genre has enabled this project to uncover a selection of twentieth-century Canadian texts that perpetuate its core aims and characteristics. This project suggests that after the Nature Fakers controversy, the wild animal story diverged into two new forms: ‘realistic’ and ‘speculative.’ By placing the wild animal story in relation to a broader canon of Canadian literature, this thesis identifies three distinct modes of animal representation. These methods of relating to literary animals in the Canadian context are the fantasy of knowing the animal, the failure of knowing the animal, and the acceptance of not-knowing the animal. This novel characterization of Canadian literature is a product of the diverse, interdisciplinary approaches offered by the practical zoocriticism framework.

The illegal reptile trade quandary in the Western Cape province is strategically and chronologically addressed in this thesis with the implicit intention of revealing its gamut and underlying dynamics, developing a pragmatic, parsimonious and authentic conservation crime category with clearly delineated parameters, and formulating an integrated theoretical explanation regarding its aetiology that will adequately explicate herpetological, and hopefully also other forms of natural resource, crime and deviance. The thesis, by essentially transcending traditional, stereotypical edicts, throws new light on a severely neglected and underestimated form of natural resource exploitation, highlighting the need for reptiles, as the sentinels of the state of our environmental health to be preserved and perpetuated for, in the final analysis, the benefit of human kind. Through an essentially explorative enquiry, utilising an integrated qualitative -quantitative research approach, the concept of conservation crime, as a vanguard to an innovative and unified conservation criminology, is introduced in this thesis in the form of unambiguous adjunct of the mainstream criminological discipline. It is, furthermore, utilised as a conduit within the herpetological crime framework to enrich the criminological discipline as a whole, broaden its frontiers, promote effective and focussed intervention/mitigation initiatives, as well as stimulate interest for further investigation in this field. Fragmented, antiquated and nebulous legislation, deficient conservation and related role-player organisational capacity and inconsistent penalties, in concert with apathetic (and decidedly generic) societal attitudes and traditional pessimistic rubric regarding reptiles, emerge as fundamental proclivities impeding the effective intercession and management of the natural resources embodied in this sphere. Injudicious manipulation of the Western Cape's scarce and specialised reptile resources and the biodiversity ramifications such exploitation realises portend the intensification and diversification potential of such criminality. Conservation criminology, as developed and presented in this thesis, underscores the significant contribution this field of criminology can make in comprehending the illegal manipulation/exploitation of herpetological and other natural resources, expanding and enhancing its theoretical constructs and implementing justice through decisive, dedicated and holistic intervention programmes/strategies in order to defend the inherent right to the continued existence of all reptile species. / Crimonology / D. Litt et Phil. (Criminology)

The illegal reptile trade quandary in the Western Cape province is strategically and chronologically addressed in this thesis with the implicit intention of revealing its gamut and underlying dynamics, developing a pragmatic, parsimonious and authentic conservation crime category with clearly delineated parameters, and formulating an integrated theoretical explanation regarding its aetiology that will adequately explicate herpetological, and hopefully also other forms of natural resource, crime and deviance. The thesis, by essentially transcending traditional, stereotypical edicts, throws new light on a severely neglected and underestimated form of natural resource exploitation, highlighting the need for reptiles, as the sentinels of the state of our environmental health to be preserved and perpetuated for, in the final analysis, the benefit of human kind. Through an essentially explorative enquiry, utilising an integrated qualitative -quantitative research approach, the concept of conservation crime, as a vanguard to an innovative and unified conservation criminology, is introduced in this thesis in the form of unambiguous adjunct of the mainstream criminological discipline. It is, furthermore, utilised as a conduit within the herpetological crime framework to enrich the criminological discipline as a whole, broaden its frontiers, promote effective and focussed intervention/mitigation initiatives, as well as stimulate interest for further investigation in this field. Fragmented, antiquated and nebulous legislation, deficient conservation and related role-player organisational capacity and inconsistent penalties, in concert with apathetic (and decidedly generic) societal attitudes and traditional pessimistic rubric regarding reptiles, emerge as fundamental proclivities impeding the effective intercession and management of the natural resources embodied in this sphere. Injudicious manipulation of the Western Cape's scarce and specialised reptile resources and the biodiversity ramifications such exploitation realises portend the intensification and diversification potential of such criminality. Conservation criminology, as developed and presented in this thesis, underscores the significant contribution this field of criminology can make in comprehending the illegal manipulation/exploitation of herpetological and other natural resources, expanding and enhancing its theoretical constructs and implementing justice through decisive, dedicated and holistic intervention programmes/strategies in order to defend the inherent right to the continued existence of all reptile species. / Crimonology / D. Litt et Phil. (Criminology)