Texte remanié de: Thesis Ph. D.--University of Chicago, 1986. / Bibliogr. p. 193-202. Index.

Thesis (D. Min.)--McCormick Theological Seminary, 1995. / Includes bibliographical references.

The poems in Greg Williamson's 2008 sonnet sequence, A Most Marvelous Piece of Luck, all turn toward imagined experiences of death, skirting the line between life and death and illustrating the boundary that one crosses but cannot experience—the liminal, aporetic boundary that occurs at the moment of until (the word marking the turn of each sonnet in Williamson's collection). Throughout this sequence, Williamson also examines the idea of death and its implications for the writer, examining the problematized situation of life after death. In my own collection, Assemblage, I attempt to examine the liminal as well, looking at death in several poems, but also looking at the way one uses the past in understanding the present and the present in understanding the future.

L'oxyde de zinc (ZnO) est un matériau semi-conducteur qui présente des caractéristiques très intéressantes telles que : un gap directe à 3.3 eV à température ambiante, une forte énergie excitonique (60 meV à température ambiante) associé à un caractère piézoélectrique. Ces propriétés permettent de considérer le ZnO parmi les nanomatériaux prometteurs, dans une grande variété d'applications : dans le domaine de l'optoélectronique, de l'énergie photovoltaïque ou de l'environnement. Pour que ces dispositifs deviennent exploitables à l'échelle industrielle, certaines conditions doivent être satisfaites comme le contrôle de la taille des nanostructures ainsi que de leur forme, l'impact de la technique de synthèse sur l'environnement, l'économie de l'énergie utilisée dans la production du matériau. C'est dans ce cadre que nous nous sommes intéressés à l'étude de la croissance des micro / nanostructures de ZnO, en particulier à une dimension (1D). Nos échantillons sont obtenus par la synthèse hydrothermale. Cette méthode nous a permis de réaliser des nanostructures de ZnO de très bonnes qualités cristallines sous pression contrôlée (inférieur ou égal à 15 bar) et à basse température (inférieur à 250 °). Ces conditions de préparation ont l'avantage de limiter la consommation en énergie. D'autre part, nous avons utilisé l'eau comme solvant dans la préparation des solutions, ce qui présente un effet positif pour l'environnement (démarche d'éco-conception ou « green chemistry »). Dans la première partie de ce travail, nous avons étudié l'influence d'un ensemble de paramètres expérimentaux tels que : le temps, la quantité de base, la température… sur la croissance de nanorods afin de déterminer les conditions optimales pour l'obtention de nanorods homogènes, plus denses et avec une faible distribution de tailles. Dans la deuxième partie, nous nous sommes intéressés à l'étude de l'influence induite par les cations présents dans les solutions suite à l'hydrolyse des bases sur la morphologie des micro / nanostructures de ZnO. Enfin, les échantillons obtenus ont fait l'objet d'une caractérisation à la fois structurale et morphologique afin d'exploiter au mieux la richesse des géométries et les tailles des micro / nanocristaux élaborés / Zinc oxide (ZnO) is a material that belongs to the family of transparent conducting oxides (TCO) materials. Because of its important physical and chemical properties, ZnO is widely studied since the elaboration to application. It is considered as semiconductor material which has very interesting features such as a direct gap 3.37 eV at room temperature, a strong exciton energy (60 meV at room temperature) assigned to a character piezoelectric. ZnO thin films are elaborated using different techniques including physical and chemical methods. For our part, we are interested in studying the growth of micro / nanostructures of ZnO, especially one-dimensional (1D) using hydrothermal synthesis. This method allowed us to achieve ZnO nanostructures with very good crystalline qualities under controlled pressure (< 15 bar) and low temperature (<250 ° C). These preparation conditions have the advantage to limit the energy consumption. On the other hand, we have used water as solvent in the preparation of solutions which has a positive effect on the environment (eco-design or “green chemistry”). In the first part of this work, we have studied the influence of some experimental parameters such as time, the amount of base, temperature… on the growth of nanorods in order to determine the optimal conditions of the growth of the nanorods forms and their distributions. In the second part, we are interested to study the influence of the cations present in the solution on the morphology of the micro / nanostructures of ZnO. Finally, the obtained samples were characterized by XRD and SEM for the structure and the morphology and by Raman for optical properties. The different analysis of the results obtained from different techniques show a good compromise

Magister Artium - MA (English) / After the 1976 student uprising, South Africa entered a period of increased violent state repression. The struggle against apartheid also became increasingly globalised, as can be seen in the UN resolution and the rise of various international anti-apartheid organisations. My thesis looks at the various ways in which art was used as a response to the crisis of late apartheid in the 1980s, focusing on a landmark international exhibition, the Art Contre Apartheid exhibition which opened in Paris on 1983. It examines the context and history of the Art Contre Apartheid collection, and follows its path to its current location at the Mayibuye Archive at the University of the Western Cape, where it mostly languishes in packing crates. My research locates its analysis of the works in broader debates around art and politics during the struggle years in South Africa, but also to highlights the continuities and contrasts between international responses to apartheid, and local struggle art produced in the period surrounding the launch of the exhibition. Some of most compelling works of art in the collection depict the human form, and register acts of torture. The analysis focuses specifically on depictions of a fragmentation and dismemberment of the human body. Drawing on Elaine Scarry's argument about the limitations of language as an adequate response to trauma, my research develops an analysis of these works that demonstrates how the body becomes a privileged site in which violent political contestations are made visible. The thesis also deals extensively with the 'absence of form', which highlights the various instances in the ACA collection where abstract art was used as a signifier of pain, and thus the unspeakable effects of apartheid.

It is widely accepted, amongst epistemologists, that evidence plays an important role in our epistemic life. Crucially, there is no agreement on what evidence is. Following Silins, we can cash out the disagreement around the notion of evidence in terms of the opposition between Evidential Internalism and Evidential Externalism (Silins, 2005). Evidential internalists claim that evidence supervenes on one's non-factive mental states, such as, beliefs, impressions (BonJour, 1999, Audi, 2001). Evidential Externalists deny that. In this Thesis, first, I contrastively assess the plausibility of two prominent contemporary externalist theories: Duncan Pritchard's Epistemological Disjunctivism, the thesis on which one's evidence in perceptual cases is truth-entailing and reflectively accessible (Pritchard, 2012), and Timothy Williamson's E=K, the thesis on which one's evidence is all and only the propositions one knows (Williamson, 2000). Second, I develop a novel externalist account of evidence that I call Ecumenical Evidentialism. I show how Ecumenical Evidentialism is able to bring together some of the benefits of both Pritchard's Disjunctivism and Williamson's E=K. This Thesis is structured into three sections, each of which addresses the following three questions respectively: Does the Access Problem represent a real threat to Evidential Externalism? Is Evidential Externalism committed to a sceptical variety of Infallibilism? How does Evidential Externalism understand the relation between evidence and epistemic justification? I argue that neither Epistemological Disjunctivism nor E=K are fully satisfying Externalist accounts of evidence. On one hand, I argue that Disjunctivism captures the orthodox intuition on which justification is a matter of being evidence-responsive, but it does so on pain of facing the so-called Access Problem. On the other hand, by rejecting any strong accessibility thesis, Williamson's E=K is better positioned to resist both the Access Problem as well as the Infallibility Problem, but it does not vindicate the orthodox intuition on which justification is a matter of being evidence-responsive. Finally, I show that, while retaining the main commitments of Williamson's theory of evidence, such as, E=K, my Ecumenical Evidentialism is able to capture the orthodox responsiveness intuition about epistemic justification.

Moral vagueness is encountered when the alethic value of some moral statement containing a moral predicate is deemed to be vague. One such statement could be “abortion in week 22 is permissible”. Given the metaethical framework of moral realism, there are three standard approaches to understanding the ontology of such vagueness. The semantic approach states that the vagueness is due to our language not being able to adequately refer to the moral reality. The ontic approach states that the vagueness is an intrinsic feature of the moral reality, and as such it will always persist. The epistemic approach states that the vagueness is due to subjects not being able to know the moral reality. In effect, there are things about morality we cannot know, because of our epistemic disposition. In this thesis, I investigate arguments in favor of all three approaches and find that of the three, the epistemic approach – here named moral epistemicism – has the best chances of succeeding. / Moralisk vaghet uppstår när sanningsvärdet av ett moraliskt uttalande, innehållandes ett moraliskt predikat, anses vara vagt. Ett sådant uttalande kan vara "abort i vecka 22 är tillåtet". Givet moralisk realism som metaetiskt ramverk finns det tre vedertagna tillvägagångssätt för att förstå ontologin hos en sådan vaghet. Det semantiska tillvägagångssättet hävdar att vagheten beror på att vårat språk inte kan referera till den moraliska verkligheten på ett adekvat sätt. Det ontiska tillvägagångssättet hävdar att vagheten är en inneboende egenskap hos den moraliska verkligheten, det är verkligheten själv som är vag. Det epistemiska tillvägagångssättet hävdar att vagheten beror på att vi som subjekt inte kan veta allt om den moraliska verkligheten. Det finns moraliska sanningar som vi inte kan veta på grund av vår epistemiska disposition. I denna avhandling undersöker jag argument till förmån för alla tre tillvägagångssätt och finner att det epistemiska tillvägagångssättet – här benämnd moralisk epistemicism – har störst chans att lyckas.

The European Union aims to reduce interregional disparities through its regional policy. This thesis deals with the effectiveness of EU regional policy and trends of regional disparities according to selected indicators. In the case study the impact of EU regional policy is observed in Ireland, the Czech republic and Bulgaria. Regional disparities are examined at NUTS 2 level. The Williamson curve is tested to explore the association between the level of economic development and level of disparities. In the comparative study the values of indicators are compared to the EU average. In the end, the thesis is focused on evaluation of EU regional policy efectiveness and seven recommendations are proposed to contribute to the improvement of EU regional policy so that goals of Europe 2020 Strategy are achieved.

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