O presente trabalho aborda em primeira instância as contribuições do direito ambiental e sua dimensão axiológica a partir do princípio de desenvolvimento sustentável, no processo de construção do modelo ambientalmente harmônico no setor elétrico. Isto segundo o viés da teoria da justiça aplicada ao direito ambiental é afirmar, identificando os elementos de justiça ambiental, a sua importância na consolidação do arcabouço normativo aplicável à energia eólica. Posteriormente efetua-se a analise da ação racional dos Estados e da sociedade internacional perante o fenômeno de mudança climática, como causa relevante a partir da qual se institucionalizam as políticas públicas que viabilizam a inserção da fonte eólica, como elemento legitimador, da ação de planejamento do setor elétrico, com o viés do tratamento dos bens comuns; para o qual se estrutura um cenário tendencial e outro cenário sustentável do recurso eólico no caso brasileiro. Nesta mesma linha se avalia a importância da supranacionalidade e a intergovernabilidade em termos de vinculação jurídica dos estados membros, com a consequente relativização do conceito de soberania e seu efeito nas integrações regionais do Mercosul e da União Europeia, e seu efeito no comportamento da energia eólica, entendida como elemento relevante da transição energética. Finalmente, revisa-se comparativamente o modelo normativo estruturado vinculante para a energia eólica na Alemanha, na França, na Espanha e na Colômbia para a fonte eólica e o grau de segurança jurídica, assim como o nível de risco regulatório, considerando a abrupta inserção de elementos competitivos para aumentar os incentivos regulatórios. / This work addresses the contribution of environmental law and its axiological dimension, beginning from the principle of sustainable development in the construction process of the harmonious environmentally model in the electrical sector. This is explained through applied justice theory to environmental law, by identifying elements of environmental justice and its relevance to the consolidation of regulatory framework applied to wind energy. Subsequently, the interaction between the states and the international community before the climate change phenomenon is analyzed as an important cause from which the public policies are institutionalized allowing the introduction of wind power as a legitimating element for planning in the electrical sector through the common goods. For this, a tendential scenario and another sustainable scenario of the wind resource in the Brazilian case are structured. In this regard, the importance of supranationalism and intergovernamentalism in terms of legal link of the member states are evaluated, with the consequent relativization of the concept of sovereignty and its effect on the regional integrations of Mercosur and the European Union and the effect on wind energy, understood it as a relevant element of energetic transition. Finally, I make a comparative review of the binding normative model for wind power generation in Germany, France, Spain and Colombia, and the degree of legal security, as well as the level of regulatory risk considering the abrupt insertion of competitive elements to have access to regulatory incentives.

Simulações numéricas do escoamento atmosférico em microescala constituem o foco principal deste estudo. Estas simulações são abordadas tendo em vista aplicações para o setor eólico, em especial para avaliações de produção de energia em parques eólicos. Existem diversas categorias de incertezas associadas às estimativas de produção de energia para um projeto eólico, mas na maioria dos casos, a incerteza associada ao modelo de escoamento é a maior e mais relevante de todas. Dentro do setor eólico, o termo “modelo de escoamento” refere-se à ferramenta numérica utilizada para extrapolar o recurso eólico medido na posição das torres anemométricas (e sensores remotos) até as posições projetadas para os aerogeradores. Diversos autores sugerem através de estudos comparativos que os modelos tipo “CFD RANS k-ε” atualmente representam o “estado da arte” para aplicações em parques eólicos e são os mais utilizados comercialmente no setor. Contudo, o escoamento atmosférico livre é intrinsicamente turbulento, e a dinâmica dos escoamentos turbulentos é um campo científico que ainda não foi totalmente dominado pelo conhecimento humano. O presente estudo demonstra que a maioria dos “modelos de escoamento” atualmente disponíveis possuem pontos fracos, em especial quando aplicados em simulações do escoamento atmosférico livre sobre áreas com topografia e rugosidade complexas Uma das fraquezas presentes na maioria dos modelos de microescala para escoamento atmosférico é a “incapacidade” de simular com precisão o escoamento que ocorre durante períodos de “estabilidade atmosférica”. Diversos locais com elevado potencial eólico apresentam ciclos durante os quais as características do escoamento são afetadas pela ocorrência de estratificação térmica dentro da Camada Limite Atmosférica. Tendo como objetivo principal melhorar as simulações do escoamento nestas condições, propõe-se através deste estudo algumas modificações na modelagem “CFD RANS k-ε” tradicionalmente empregada. Dentre estas, destacam-se a inclusão de um perfil estratificado de temperatura potencial como condição de contorno, a inclusão dos efeitos das forças de empuxo no equacionamento “k-ε” e a solução simultânea das equações para balanço de energia e para o fluxo de temperatura potencial. Este modelo foi chamado de “RANS estável”. Para validação deste modelo foram utilizadas cinco torres anemométricas instaladas em um local com topografia complexa. Estas torres foram montadas e instrumentadas conforme as melhores práticas internacionais Os dados anemométricos registrados por essas torres demonstram a presença de ciclos diários de estabilidade atmosférica. Os erros de previsão cruzada foram calculados comparando-se as previsões de cada modelo com as medições reais registradas na posição das torres. O erro global médio de previsão cruzada entre torres anemométricas obtido com a composição dos modelos RANS “estável + neutro” foi de 3,8% enquanto o erro obtido apenas com o modelo RANS k-ε tradicional foi de 5,2%. Para o modelo linear WAsP, amplamente utilizado no setor eólico, o erro foi de 7,1%. Além dos erros de previsão cruzada entre torres, os perfis verticais de velocidade e os fatores de aceleração direcionais obtidos com a composição dos modelos RANS “estável + neutro” também sugerem que esta é uma alternativa versátil e promissora para capturar os ciclos de estabilidade atmosférica utilizando simulações numéricas em regime permanente. / Microscale numerical simulations of the atmospheric wind flow are the central focus of this study. These simulations are analysed from the wind energy perspective. Special attention is given to the usage and application of these simulations in energy production assessments for proposed wind farms. There are multiple uncertainty categories associated with energy production forecasts for future wind farms. However, in most cases the uncertainty factors related with wind flow modelling are the largest and most relevant of them all. The wording “flow model” refers to the numerical simulations (or “models”) that are used to extrapolate the anemometric data recorded at meteorological masts positions to the proposed wind turbine positions. Several authors have demonstrated through comparative studies that the “CFD RANS k-ε” models currently represent the “state of the art” when it comes to microscale wind flow simulations targeted at wind farms. Nonetheless, the atmospheric wind flow is turbulent by nature, and the dynamics of turbulent flows represent one of the scientific fields that have not yet been fully dominated by the human knowledge. The present study demonstrates that the majority of flow models currently available to mankind still lack in precision, even more so when it comes to modelling free atmospheric wind flow over complex terrain. One of the major weak spots of most microscale wind flow models is their inability to precisely simulate the wind flow that occurs during periods of atmospheric stability Numerous locations with large potential for wind energy production present cyclic periods of thermal stratification inside the atmospheric boundary layer. These cycles alter the dynamics and characteristics of the wind stream. With the purpose of improving wind flow simulations under stable atmospheric conditions, some modifications to the standard “RANS k-ε” model implementation are proposed. The most significant of these modifications are the usage of a potential temperature profile among the boundary conditions, the inclusion of the buoyancy forces in the “k-ε” equations and the simultaneous solution of the equations for energy balance and for potential temperature transport. This “modified” model was named “stable RANS”. It was validated using five well mounted meteorological masts installed in a location with complex topography. The anemometric data measured by these site masts suggest the existence of strong daily cycles of atmospheric stability. Cross prediction errors were calculated by comparing the forecasts (outputs) from each flow model against real wind data measured at each mast position The global average cross prediction error yielded by the RANS “stable +neutral” model was around 3,8%, whereas the error yielded by the traditional “RANS k-ε” implementation was near 5,2%. For the linear model WAsP the error was calculated to be 7,1%. In addition to cross prediction errors, the vertical wind speed profiles and speed-up factors calculated with the RANS “stable +neutral” model composition also suggest that it is a promising and versatile alternative for capturing the effects from atmospheric stability on wind flow using steady state numerical simulations.

O modelo energético global está caracterizado pelo uso intenso de combustíveis fosseis como o petróleo, o que tem influenciado diretamente no incremento de gases de efeito estufa (GEE) na atmosfera, causando problemas ambientais eventualmente irreversíveis como o aquecimento global, o mais proeminente fenômeno associável às mudanças climáticas. Com a finalidade de reduzir o consumo destes recursos energéticos não renováveis e minimizar potenciais externalidades socioambientais negativas, iniciou-se, globalmente, uma transição em prol de maior uso de energias alternativas, as quais aproveitam fontes renováveis, em princípio e em geral, indutoras de menores impactos ambientais como a energia eólica; estabelecendo-se, assim, um novo paradigma tecnológico focado num modelo mais sustentável. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho tem como objetivos analisar os impactos econômicos, sociais e ambientais ocasionados pelo desenvolvimento de projetos eólicos no Istmo de Tehuantepec, no Sudoeste do México e, concomitantemente, avaliar, de modo sinérgico, a energia eólica como uma opção efetivamente viável para a matriz energética mexicana mapeando-se e analisando-se as externalidades socioambientais e econômicas. O desenvolvimento destes parques representa, nesta região do país, um modelo bem sucedido de redução de emissão de GEE, porém existem controvérsias como o deslocamento de terras e falta de desenvolvimento local, o que têm gerado conflitos socioambientais que permanecem vigentes até hoje. Para tanto, a metodologia adotada alicerçou-se em revisão sistêmica de literatura, assim como na aplicação de entrevistas semiestruturadas realizadas em pesquisa de campo in situ e na análise dos resultados com o uso de um software de código aberto (Iramuteq), foi possível ampliar a compressão a respeito do seguinte paradoxo: os parques eólicos implementados no Istmo, de fato, contribuem no sentido de mitigar as emissões de GEE, no entanto, ao que apontam os resultados desta dissertação, este benefício ambiental não carreou, às comunidades locais, qualquer melhoria em suas vulnerabilidades socioeconômicas. Conclui-se, portanto, que os preceitos basilares do desenvolvimento sustentável não foram atingidos no âmbito dos projetos eólicos do Istmo de Tehuantepec / The global energy model is characterized by the intensive use of fossil fuels such as oil, which has directly influenced on the increase of greenhouse gases (GHG) in the atmosphere, causing irreversible environmental problems such as global warming, the most prominent phenomenon associated with climate changes. In order to reduce the consumption of these non-renewable energy resources and to minimize potential negative socio-environmental externalities, a transition towards a greater use of alternative energies has started globally, which employs renewable sources, principle and in general, inducing lower environmental impacts such as wind energy; therefore establishing a new technological paradigm focused on a more sustainable model. In this context, the present job aims to analyze the economic, social and environmental impacts caused by the development of wind projects in the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, in Southwest MÉXICO and, concurrently, synergistically evaluate wind energy as an effective and viable option for the Mexican energy matrix by mapping and analyzing socio-environmental and economic externalities. The development of these parks represents a successful model of GHG emission reduction in this region of the country, but there are controversies such as the displacement of land and lack of local development, which have generated socio-environmental conflicts that remain until today. To that end, the methodology adopted was based on a systemic literature review, as well as the application of semi-structured interviews conducted in situ f research and the analysis of results using a open source software (Iramuteq), it was possible to increase the compression However, to what the results of this dissertation aim to, is that this environmental benefit did not bring any improvement to the socioeconomic vulnerabilities of those local communities. It is concluded, therefore, that the basic precepts of sustainable development were not reached within the scope of the Tehuantepec Isthmus wind projects

O modelo energético global está caracterizado pelo uso intenso de combustíveis fosseis como o petróleo, o que tem influenciado diretamente no incremento de gases de efeito estufa (GEE) na atmosfera, causando problemas ambientais eventualmente irreversíveis como o aquecimento global, o mais proeminente fenômeno associável às mudanças climáticas. Com a finalidade de reduzir o consumo destes recursos energéticos não renováveis e minimizar potenciais externalidades socioambientais negativas, iniciou-se, globalmente, uma transição em prol de maior uso de energias alternativas, as quais aproveitam fontes renováveis, em princípio e em geral, indutoras de menores impactos ambientais como a energia eólica; estabelecendo-se, assim, um novo paradigma tecnológico focado num modelo mais sustentável. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho tem como objetivos analisar os impactos econômicos, sociais e ambientais ocasionados pelo desenvolvimento de projetos eólicos no Istmo de Tehuantepec, no Sudoeste do México e, concomitantemente, avaliar, de modo sinérgico, a energia eólica como uma opção efetivamente viável para a matriz energética mexicana mapeando-se e analisando-se as externalidades socioambientais e econômicas. O desenvolvimento destes parques representa, nesta região do país, um modelo bem sucedido de redução de emissão de GEE, porém existem controvérsias como o deslocamento de terras e falta de desenvolvimento local, o que têm gerado conflitos socioambientais que permanecem vigentes até hoje. Para tanto, a metodologia adotada alicerçou-se em revisão sistêmica de literatura, assim como na aplicação de entrevistas semiestruturadas realizadas em pesquisa de campo in situ e na análise dos resultados com o uso de um software de código aberto (Iramuteq), foi possível ampliar a compressão a respeito do seguinte paradoxo: os parques eólicos implementados no Istmo, de fato, contribuem no sentido de mitigar as emissões de GEE, no entanto, ao que apontam os resultados desta dissertação, este benefício ambiental não carreou, às comunidades locais, qualquer melhoria em suas vulnerabilidades socioeconômicas. Conclui-se, portanto, que os preceitos basilares do desenvolvimento sustentável não foram atingidos no âmbito dos projetos eólicos do Istmo de Tehuantepec / The global energy model is characterized by the intensive use of fossil fuels such as oil, which has directly influenced on the increase of greenhouse gases (GHG) in the atmosphere, causing irreversible environmental problems such as global warming, the most prominent phenomenon associated with climate changes. In order to reduce the consumption of these non-renewable energy resources and to minimize potential negative socio-environmental externalities, a transition towards a greater use of alternative energies has started globally, which employs renewable sources, principle and in general, inducing lower environmental impacts such as wind energy; therefore establishing a new technological paradigm focused on a more sustainable model. In this context, the present job aims to analyze the economic, social and environmental impacts caused by the development of wind projects in the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, in Southwest MÉXICO and, concurrently, synergistically evaluate wind energy as an effective and viable option for the Mexican energy matrix by mapping and analyzing socio-environmental and economic externalities. The development of these parks represents a successful model of GHG emission reduction in this region of the country, but there are controversies such as the displacement of land and lack of local development, which have generated socio-environmental conflicts that remain until today. To that end, the methodology adopted was based on a systemic literature review, as well as the application of semi-structured interviews conducted in situ f research and the analysis of results using a open source software (Iramuteq), it was possible to increase the compression However, to what the results of this dissertation aim to, is that this environmental benefit did not bring any improvement to the socioeconomic vulnerabilities of those local communities. It is concluded, therefore, that the basic precepts of sustainable development were not reached within the scope of the Tehuantepec Isthmus wind projects

Orientador: José Luz Silveira / Resumo: Nesse trabalho são apresentadas propostas de sistemas híbridos de geração de energia (SHGE) para o fornecimento de energia elétrica. O Caso 1 propõe um SHGE conectado à rede elétrica (on-grid) para atender a demanda elétrica de edifícios urbanos. O Caso 2 propõe um SHGE aplicado a áreas rurais com disponibilidade de rede elétrica local. O Caso 3 considera uma propriedade rural sem rede elétrica local, portanto propõe-se um SHGE com armazenamento de energia (off-grid). Os três casos são analisados em termos técnicos, econômicos e ambientais para três cidades brasileiras: Fortaleza (CE), Guaratinguetá (SP) e Florianópolis (SC). Para o dimensionamento do SHGE, desenvolve-se um algoritmo de otimização cuja função objetivo é a minimização do custo de geração de energia elétrica. Utiliza-se o software LINGO para a determinação da solução ótima do arranjo SHGE para cada caso. A análise econômica leva em consideração os custos de investimento, operação e manutenção para determinação do período de retorno (payback) e da receita anual esperada. A análise ambiental é feita através do cálculo da eficiência ecológica dos sistemas de geração de energia estudados. Os resultados mostram que o Caso 2 – SHGE on-grid: Propriedade Rural possui o menor período de retorno de investimento, entre 1 e 2 anos. Para todos os casos, a cidade de Fortaleza é onde evidencia-se o menor custo de investimento dos SHGE e, consequentemente, menor custo de geração de eletricidade dada seus elevados potenciais en... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Mestre

<p>There often exist hard-to-identify or unforeseen external parties that emerge as indirect stakeholders of a project who can significantly influence its execution and outcome. The broader stakeholder landscape in both theory and practice recognizes the local community including other interest groups of a project site as such key stakeholders. However recent cases have revealed shortcomings in managing this category of stakeholders, leading to authoritative rejection of development permit applications and strong local opposition that consequently increase costs and delay to the project. There is indication that a weak community stakeholder management process in the planning stages can cause problems to the project, or worse, in some cases lead to project failure and abandonment by the developer. Wind energy development projects are not exempted from this condition and are possibly even more prone as they involve the erection of tall wind turbines across wide-open landscapes that are deemed controversial and unacceptable to a wider population. Endorsed by the persuasive rationale for wind energy especially in view of the environment and sustainable development, a more comprehensive and effective guidance for community stakeholder management in the planning stage is required to mitigate, if not eliminate, potential issues that can hinder the successful implementation of wind energy development projects. Hence this thesis primarily seeks to answer the research question of: “How should community stakeholders of wind energy development projects be managed in the planning stage prior to permit application?”.</p><p>Using a qualitative approach to research through interviews with several industry practitioners and reviewing secondary data of industry best practices, policies, literature and case studies, 16 community stakeholder management key conclusion points could be made from research data collected. These points are individually important while in aggregate form a broad and novel framework that serves to further raise the awareness and readiness of wind energy development project managers in their community stakeholder management initiatives. A baseline list of community stakeholders and their common concerns were identified, together with suggested approaches to identify community stakeholders in each project. Community consultation is key to the process and engaging the community as widely and early as possible is recommended. Furthermore, key principles and an array of common methods for community stakeholder management in the planning stages of the project are presented, while acknowledging that not all stakeholders can be satisfied at each instance. Ultimately these findings were consolidated in a community consultation checklist that serves as a more systematic and practical tool in guiding project managers in their community stakeholder management initiatives during planning.</p><p>The research findings herewith contribute valuable insights to the existing body of knowledge in this area and also provide enhanced practical guidance to project managers in achieving successful community stakeholder management during planning, facilitating higher acceptance for the proposal, carrying out a more efficient and effective planning process and improving the likelihood for project approval from both authoritative and judiciary standpoints.</p>

<p>There are several participants in the renewable energy sector, each one having their own perspective, according to their interests. One renewable source of energy is wind. Development of wind energy projects is complex and implies the conjunction of several endeavors that are hard to be undertaken by only one organization. The complexity of wind energy projects demands the interaction among actors, that is, the creation of partnerships.</p><p> </p><p>The purpose of this study is to question the nature of partnerships as a response to strategic decisions for the implementation of wind energy projects and to provide arguments to state that partnerships are indeed strategic. By making a comparison of the different roles of the actors involved in the sector and having a theoretical support created by a literature review of the subject, authors’ arguments are based on the analysis of six different perspectives from those actors in the wind energy arena: Utilities company, wind energy projects developers, government, financial institutions, international organization and consultants.</p><p>A qualitative approach guided the identification of the role of these wind energy participants as their perspective in the sector. Perspective cases were formed through interviews made to representatives of different actors and through secondary data.</p><p>Having an empirical approach, some wind energy projects and their involved partnerships were identified and analyzed. In addition, by analyzing the critical success factors of partnerships that influence crucial aspects for implementation of wind energy projects, it was confirmed that good partnerships are based on trust and their success is the result of establishing clear objectives and defining the roles and responsibilities of each partner. Besides, considerations regarding control management of partnership deployment among actors of the energy sector are suggested.</p><p>Latterly, it was uncovered that organizations sometimes do not recognize their relationships as partnerships, due to the bare understanding of the scope of <em>partnership </em>concept. In practice, partnership is conceived as a long-term relationship, while relationships for a limited time are commonly identified as contracts. However, it was concluded that in any case a partnership is developed, as partners gather their own expertise to achieve common goals.</p><p> </p><p> </p><p>This research is meant to be a reference for decision-making individuals or project managers that need to evaluate ways to implement strategies. Also this study is conceived for those that need to decide if it is worthy to establish a partnership and its considerations, as a response to strategic decisions.</p><p> </p>

Wind energy is a promising alternative energy source due to its environmental, economic, and social benefits and, as such, has garnered public support and government incentives for its development and implementation. With the growing number of wind parks in Oregon, a life cycle assessment (LCA) study for a representative new wind park is needed to investigate the potential impacts on the environment. One of the major drawbacks of wind energy generation is its variability due to the stochastic nature of wind. To make wind energy a more reliable source, wind energy generation should be supplemented with controllable energy generation or storage. Thus, the aim of this research is to improve the understanding of the effects of supplemental energy systems on the environmental impacts of wind energy systems. First, the environmental impact of a single wind turbine is examined from raw material extraction to the end of life stage. Research needs are identified to support the assessment of the environmental impacts of wind energy and supplemental energy systems from a life cycle perspective. Next, supplemental electricity generation systems investigated are biomass, hydro, and natural gas electricity generation, and zinc-bromine battery storage. Finally, the results for each system are compared to coal energy generation. It appears that the wind park has lower environmental impact than coal energy generation when paired with any of the complimentary systems investigated. Overall, hydropower appears to be the best option to supplement wind power from an environmental perspective for a potential wind park site in northern Oregon. / Graduation date: 2013

Remote communities, characterized by no connection to the main power grid, traditionally get their power from diesel generators. Long geographical distances and lack of suitable roads make the fuel transportation difficult and costly, increasing the final cost of electricity. A microgrid using renewable energy as the main source can serve as a viable solution for this problem with considerable economical and environmental benefits. The focus of this research is to develop a microgrid for a remote community in northern Ontario (Canada) that combines wind, as a renewable source of energy, and a hydrogen-based energy storage system, with the goal of meeting the demand, while minimizing the cost of energy and adverse effect on the environment. The existing diesel generators remain in the system, but their use is minimized. The microgrid system studied in this research uses a wind turbine to generate electricity, an electrolyser to absorb the excess power from the wind source, a hydrogen tank to store the hydrogen generated by the electrolyser, a fuel cell to supply the demand when the wind resource is not adequate, and a diesel generator as a backup power. Two scenarios for unit-sizing are defined and their pros. and cons. are discussed. The economic evaluation of scenarios is performed and a cost function for the system is defined. The optimization problem thus formulated is solved by solvers in GAMS. The inputs are wind profile of the area, load profile of the community, existing sources of energy in the area, operating voltage of the grid, and sale price of electricity in the area. The outputs are the size of the fuel cell and electrolyser units that should be used in the microgrid, the capital and running costs of each system, the payback period of the system, and cost of generated electricity. Following this, the best option for the microgrid structure and component sizes for the target community is determined. Finally, a MATLAB-based dynamic simulation platform for the system under study with similar load/wind profile and sizing obtained in optimization problem is developed and the dynamic behaviour of microgrid at different cases is studied.

There are several participants in the renewable energy sector, each one having their own perspective, according to their interests. One renewable source of energy is wind. Development of wind energy projects is complex and implies the conjunction of several endeavors that are hard to be undertaken by only one organization. The complexity of wind energy projects demands the interaction among actors, that is, the creation of partnerships.   The purpose of this study is to question the nature of partnerships as a response to strategic decisions for the implementation of wind energy projects and to provide arguments to state that partnerships are indeed strategic. By making a comparison of the different roles of the actors involved in the sector and having a theoretical support created by a literature review of the subject, authors’ arguments are based on the analysis of six different perspectives from those actors in the wind energy arena: Utilities company, wind energy projects developers, government, financial institutions, international organization and consultants. A qualitative approach guided the identification of the role of these wind energy participants as their perspective in the sector. Perspective cases were formed through interviews made to representatives of different actors and through secondary data. Having an empirical approach, some wind energy projects and their involved partnerships were identified and analyzed. In addition, by analyzing the critical success factors of partnerships that influence crucial aspects for implementation of wind energy projects, it was confirmed that good partnerships are based on trust and their success is the result of establishing clear objectives and defining the roles and responsibilities of each partner. Besides, considerations regarding control management of partnership deployment among actors of the energy sector are suggested. Latterly, it was uncovered that organizations sometimes do not recognize their relationships as partnerships, due to the bare understanding of the scope of partnership concept. In practice, partnership is conceived as a long-term relationship, while relationships for a limited time are commonly identified as contracts. However, it was concluded that in any case a partnership is developed, as partners gather their own expertise to achieve common goals.     This research is meant to be a reference for decision-making individuals or project managers that need to evaluate ways to implement strategies. Also this study is conceived for those that need to decide if it is worthy to establish a partnership and its considerations, as a response to strategic decisions.