The response of the Winnipeg deer herd to increased land development was assessed. This included analysis of habitat loss, optimal population size, supplementary feeding, and deer related damage. Management techniques used in other North American cities were documented. There is 3490 ha of potentially manageable habitat within the study area, 2242 ha of which lie within the Perimeter Highway. Through Plan Winnipeg policy provides for development of 737 ha, or 33% of deer wintering habitat within the Perimeter by the year 2001, only 103 ha are expected to be lost. This is comprised of 87 ha of residentially zoned land and 16 ha of industrial land. The remaining 634 ha is zoned for industrial use. Tripling of the Winnipeg deer population since 1975 has resulted in an increase of deer depredation and deer vehicle accidents. If deer are to be maintained as a beneficial resource, a long term management plan needs to be developed for the Winnipeg herd. To assure that urban values are reflected in such a plan, public input is essential. From this information it may be possible to design a sociological carrying capacity for the deer herd specific to Winnipeg's situation. Habitat maintenance via leases or grants, regulation of deer numbers through continuation of the relocation program, and intercept feeding programs on manageable habitat, are recommended. To insure that individual residents do not bear the entire impacts of the deer population, damage prevention and compensation programs need to be implemented.

Numerous treaties and management strategies have been created in an attempt to either prevent or repair water-related problems and/or disputes involving the worlds 263 trans- boundary freshwater regimes. Canada and the U.S. are no different. However, modern times have not only revealed potentially new causes for trans-boundary water-related disputes, but weaknesses within the tools commonly used to address such disputes. Research was conducted using key groups and government departments within both Minnesota and North Dakota in an attempt to identify whether or not the economic, legal and social landscapes of the two states were favourable to reduce the nutrient loading to their portion of the Red River Drainage Basin which inevitably flows in Manitoba and enters Lake Winnipeg. The research revealed that; i) the difficulty of addressing NPS pollution, ii) a lack of cooperation from private landowners, iii) anti-government intervention, iv) a lack of funding for NPS related programs, v) uncertainties with the science, vi) negative economic impacts of implementing solutions, vii) interference by special interest groups and viii) legislative weaknesses of the Clean Water Act all create barriers that make achieving meaningful nutrient reductions unlikely. Due to these barriers, Minnesota’s and North Dakota’s hydro-hegemonic influence on nutrient levels within the Red River may aid in dictating potentially disastrous ecological conditions to Lake Winnipeg and place its long-term health in question.

Driven steel H-piles are becoming an increasingly practical deep foundation alternative in Winnipeg. They are a cost-effective and versatile pile type used to support heavy structures such as bridges and high rise buildings. The application of driven steel H-piles is relatively new in Winnipeg, consequentially limiting the knowledge of their ultimate load-carrying capacity (Qult) and load-displacement behavior. As a result of limited knowledge, the conventional limit states design (LSD) criteria is unreliable, as it bases pile capacity on the structural strength of steel as opposed to the strength and condition of the surrounding strata. Also, the serviceability limit state (SLS) criterion is incomplete as it ignores settlement. The research conducted for this thesis resulted in the development of comprehensive LSD criteria for driven steel H-piles in Winnipeg. A substantial amount of Pile Driving Analyzer (PDA) test and Case Pile Wave Analysis Program (CAPWAP) data was collected and analysed to better understand the capacity and load-displacement behavior of driven steel H-piles in Winnipeg and to improve the conventional LSD criteria. Existing static and dynamic resistance analysis methods (RAMs) were refined to specifically estimate the Qult of driven steel H-piles in Winnipeg. Resistance factors (RFs) for the purpose of determining the ultimate limit state capacity (QULS) are recommended on the basis of the CAPWAP-calculated capacities and refined RAMs. The CAPWAP-based load-displacement curves were examined to assess pile settlements under service loads to develop reasonable settlement design benchmarks and corresponding values of serviceability limit state capacity (QSLS).

Driven steel H-piles are becoming an increasingly practical deep foundation alternative in Winnipeg. They are a cost-effective and versatile pile type used to support heavy structures such as bridges and high rise buildings. The application of driven steel H-piles is relatively new in Winnipeg, consequentially limiting the knowledge of their ultimate load-carrying capacity (Qult) and load-displacement behavior. As a result of limited knowledge, the conventional limit states design (LSD) criteria is unreliable, as it bases pile capacity on the structural strength of steel as opposed to the strength and condition of the surrounding strata. Also, the serviceability limit state (SLS) criterion is incomplete as it ignores settlement. The research conducted for this thesis resulted in the development of comprehensive LSD criteria for driven steel H-piles in Winnipeg. A substantial amount of Pile Driving Analyzer (PDA) test and Case Pile Wave Analysis Program (CAPWAP) data was collected and analysed to better understand the capacity and load-displacement behavior of driven steel H-piles in Winnipeg and to improve the conventional LSD criteria. Existing static and dynamic resistance analysis methods (RAMs) were refined to specifically estimate the Qult of driven steel H-piles in Winnipeg. Resistance factors (RFs) for the purpose of determining the ultimate limit state capacity (QULS) are recommended on the basis of the CAPWAP-calculated capacities and refined RAMs. The CAPWAP-based load-displacement curves were examined to assess pile settlements under service loads to develop reasonable settlement design benchmarks and corresponding values of serviceability limit state capacity (QSLS).

The thesis is concerned with the architecture of the Red River Settlement between 1812 when the Selkirk settlers first arrived at Red River and 1870 when the province of Manitoba entered Confederation. Its objectives are (i) to establish the stylistic influences on Red River architecture and (ii) to examine the place of that architecture in the Red River environment. Research consisted of field work and examination of written and pictorial material. Almost all the extant buildings were visited, photographed, and, in some instances, measured. Primary and secondary source materials relating to the history and the architectural history of the Red River Settlement were used, and original and reproduced pictorial material was examined. It has been concluded that the common log construction in the Red River Settlement was the Hudson's Bay style, also known as the Red River frame, the "poteaux sur sole", and "pièce sur pièce". The Hudson's Bay style was used in the trade of the North West Company and later the Hudson's Bay Company, and it was adopted by the first settlers at Red River from the fur traders who preceded them in the area. It was used in houses and churches, as well as outbuildings, stores, and schools. It became outmoded after 1870 when different log construction methods, architectural styles, and building materials were introduced by settlers from Ontario. It has also been concluded that the large stone and wood houses of the Red River Settlement were built in an architectural style associated with the Hudson's Bay Company. The style originated in the Anglo-Norman buildings of French Canada and in the laird's house of eighteenth century Scotland. At Red River, it was adopted for the homes of the natural aristocracy of the settlement from the fur trade buildings which were built at Upper Fort Garry and Lower Fort Garry after 1830. Church architecture in Red River was influenced by the contemporary architecture of French Canada and England. The Roman Catholic churches were built in the style of Thomas Baillairge, whereas the Anglican churches integrated Gothic Revival detail with the box-like form common to Red River buildings. The Presbyterian churches tended to follow the style of the Anglican churches with some minor adaptations. The primary influences on Red River architecture were thus British and French Canadian in origin. The Red River Settlement was essentially a riverside village. Its buildings stood in a row along the banks of the rivers. The linear arrangement was relieved by the winding rivers and punctuated by the different types of architecture, by the location of important buildings on the bends of the rivers, and by the concentration of buildings in the forts, missions and farm-yards. / Arts, Faculty of / Art History, Visual Art and Theory, Department of / Graduate

The objective of this research is to analyze the extent to which the information and computer technology (ICT) industry in Winnipeg contributes to or detracts from the objectives of a particular economic theory of the whole community—namely, community economic development (CED). This was achieved by developing a CED framework for analysis, conducting a survey of ICT businesses in Winnipeg to gather the required data, and using the collected survey data to complete the analysis. The results of the analysis indicate that the ICT industry is contributing significantly more to some of the objectives of CED than it does to others. / October 2005

Inner-city revitalisation poses perhaps the most complex challenge faced by urban planners today. This dissertation explores the role of planning in urban restructuring by providing a critical empirical investigation into a major Canadian tripartite planning intervention that spans a decade -- The Winnipeg Core Area Initiative (1981 to 1991). The purpose of the dissertation is to study the Winnipeg Core Area Initiative (CM) as a prototypical model for urban regeneration and public-policy intervention, to determine the strengths and weaknesses of the CAI, and to evaluate the impact that this urban intervention had over a period of ten years. Backed by a comparative analysis of urban regeneration efforts in Great Britain and the United States, it explores the concept of "distress" in inner-city areas and attempts to answer the questions: Distress -- who can relieve it and how? The case-study method is used for an evaluation of the CAI that includes content analysis of published materials produced about, and for, the Initiative and public-attitude surveys and newspaper reports over the period 1981 to 1991. The results of interviews with twenty-five "key or core players" provide qualitative data that enriches the dissertation by presenting a picture of the CAI that is missing from evaluation reports commissioned by the tripartite partners or from published commentaries on the Initiative. This case study reveals an urban intervention strategy with objectives that were conceptually broad and comprehensive, perhaps too much so for the level of financial and organisational resources available and the level of public expectations that was raised. While the model was an excellent vehicle to harmonise scarce public resources and leverage private investment, this study reveals a disjunction between policy intent and policy implementation in attempting to balance economic development with disparity relief efforts. This dissertation concludes that there are components of the CAI model that provide valuable instruction for urban restructuring but it is unlikely that the model as originally designed, could, or should, be replicated. The importance of this study is to provide a broad examination of the theoretical framework behind the Winnipeg CAI as an instrument for urban public policy that will assist future planning-and-policy formation attempts in urban revitalisation and strengthen the public and private ability to generate comprehensive, strategic and cohesive urban policy.

The water source for The City of Winnipeg is Shoal Lake near the Manitoba-Ontario border, 145km east of the city, and is delivered by a gravity powered system known as the Winnipeg Aqueduct. It was built during World War 1. The system is 150km in length, primarily in an enclosed conduit operating under open channel flow, and crosses eight rivers. The project was built by the Greater Winnipeg Water District. The concept of the Water District, is administration, the design of the aqueduct’s components, the contract administration, and the construction procedures employed in implementing the system are explained. The purchase and topographical modification of land belonging to the First Nation residents of Shoal Lake Band 40 was essential to the development of the project. There are ongoing issues for this First Nation arising from that purchase.

Participatory budgeting (PB) is worth considering as a planning tool. It makes claims to encourage citizenship (Schugurensky, 2004), spark “transformative community development” (Lerner, 2006) and cultivate innovative forms of governance while improving the accountability of those already in place (Wampler, 2000, 2007; Wampler & Avritzer, 2004). In North America, PB is an overlooked public engagement mechanism that can introduce citizen input into place making and a timely participatory practice. This thesis seeks to understand current PB practice, and to propose a form and function of PB for Winnipeg. Empirical research of three PB examples (Toronto Community Housing, the Neighbourhood Support Coalition in Guelph, Ontario, and the 49th Ward in Chicago, Illinois) contributes to a proposed PB framework for Winnipeg that is tested with members of the community development sector in Winnipeg.

Public participation continues to hold an uncertain position in professional city planning practice. At the scale of the neighbourhood, planners are faced with a variety of options to engage the public and key stakeholders. This case study will compare three public engagement processes taking place in the South Point Douglas neighbourhood of Winnipeg. Each of the processes will highlight differing approaches to the relationship between planner and public in a neighbourhood context. Key stakeholder interviews are used at the conclusion of the study to evaluate the relative strengths and weaknesses of these planning processes.