Title: Financial comparison of Czech and Slovak ski resorts Objectives: The aim of this thesis is to compare financial situation of selected Czech and Slovak ski resorts and on the basis of financial analysis to assess the financial health of these resorts. Methods: In this thesis, I used the method of vertical and horizontal analysis of the sources of financing of selected companies, evaluation of compliance with the golden rule of balance sheet, and using selected ratios refers the thesis about the financial situation of the company. Results: Data obtained from research helped me to identify aspects of the financial environment in which selected companies have drawbacks. In conclusion it is summarized individual measures serving to improve the financial health of companies. Keywords: financial analysis, winter sports, financial highlihts, financing of ski center ski

No / According to annual reports of European and North American ski resort corporations, winter sports destinations are facing stagnating markets and at the same time challenges in the management of environmentally sensitive mountainous areas and villages. The survival and development of winter sports destinations are to a large extent centred around strategies for creating competitive advantage and at the same time meeting the criteria of sustainable tourism laid down by the WTO. In this paper, performance on these two dimensions is combined into the concept of strategic performance. Sustained value creation is suggested as a goal of strategic performance in winter sports destinations.Two new models related to the strategic analysis of winter sports destinations are developed. The first is a suggested configuration of value creation in winter sports destinations¿the ¿value fan¿¿and the second is a conceptual organisational model providing a framework for analysis at strategic level of such destinations. The models have emerged from examining the central body of literature in the field of strategic management. Development of the models is part of ongoing research into what kind of organisational structure of winter sports destinations will lead to superior performance in terms of strategic success. Here the concepts of the ¿community model¿ and the ¿corporate model¿ of destination management are introduced.

La montée en puissance des problématiques liées au développement immobilier des stations occupe une place croissante dans les débats publics. D'un côté, face à l'incapacité d'identifier des leviers efficaces en matière de réhabilitation, les associations d'élus et d'opérateurs de domaines skiables ne cessent de souligner l'impérieuse nécessité de poursuivre le développement immobilier, clef de voûte du maintien d'une activité économique indispensable à la survie des territoires de montagne. De l'autre, des associations environnementalistes et d'usagers de la montagne militent contre le phénomène d'intensification de l'urbanisation des sites de montagne. Face à ce dilemme, et dans un contexte où le législateur s'efforce à occuper une position de plus en plus affirmée en tant que garant de la limitation de l'extension des surfaces urbanisées, la question immobilière dans les stations de montagne revêt donc un intérêt particulier que cette thèse de doctorat propose d'approfondir. En postulant que l'immobilier constitue un marqueur particulièrement adapté pour appréhender les trajectoires de développement des stations touristiques, notre recherche vise à répondre à un double objectif : qualifier les cycles et les formes de développement des stations d'une part, mieux comprendre les facteurs à l'origine de ces évolutions d'autre part. Dans le contexte très spécifique des stations françaises de sports d'hiver marquées à des degrés divers par le poids de l'intervention publique, la question de l'impact du modèle de développement initial sur la nature de leurs trajectoires constitue un enjeu essentiel de cette démarche. Du fait de la diversité et de l'étendue des facteurs en cause, aborder le champ de la production immobilière dans le contexte touristique implique une grande transversalité des approches – mêlant analyses économiques, urbaines et politiques – articulées à différentes échelles, entre logiques globales de marché et régulation locale de l'aménagement touristique. L'originalité de notre recherche tient dans le caractère transversal, pluridisciplinaire et focalisant de la démarche visant à déconstruire progressivement l'enjeu immobilier en stations. En adoptant une posture volontairement distanciée vis-à-vis du discours opérationnel tel qu'il est formalisé sur la scène politique et médiatique, ce travail s'efforce de s'affranchir de la traditionnelle opposition entre injonction du développement économique et préservation des milieux naturels pour se focaliser davantage sur les fondamentaux de la « décision de construire » souvent qualifiée de « boite noire » de l'aménagement urbain. Quels sont les principaux mécanismes à l'origine de la croissance immobilière des stations ? Comment ont-ils évolué depuis leur implantation ? Certaines stations sont-elles davantage prédisposées à la croissance ? Comment s'opèrent les mécanismes de régulation publique autour de l'urbanisation ? Autant de questionnements que ce travail de recherche tentera d'éclairer dans la perspective plus globale de nourrir la connaissance sur les ressorts de la production immobilière spécifiques au contexte touristique. / The growing concern with issues relating to real estate development in mountain resorts is reflected in their increasing importance in public debate. On the one hand, associations of elected representatives and ski area operators, unable to identify effective levers to ensure resort rehabilitation, have continued to stress the overriding need to pursue real estate development as a cornerstone for maintaining a level of economic activity indispensable to the survival of mountain areas. On the other hand, environmental groups and associations of mountain users have been ardent campaigners against the increasing urbanisation of mountain areas. Given this dilemma, and in a context where legislators wish to be seen to be increasingly assertive in limiting the spread of urbanisation, the question of real estate development in mountain resorts has taken on an increasingly important role, a role that this doctoral thesis seeks to examine in greater depth. Starting from the premise that real estate is a particularly suitable yardstick for understanding the development paths taken by tourist resorts, our research has a two-fold objective: first to identify and describe the different cycles and types of resort development, second to better understand the factors underlying the changes taking place. In the very specific context of French winter sports resorts, the development of which has been characterised by varying levels of public intervention, the question of the impact of the initial development model on the nature of resort development is a key consideration in our approach. Given the diversity and far-reaching effects of the factors in question, an investigation of real estate production in the context of tourism development calls for a cross-disciplinary approach – involving economic, urban and political analyses – conducted at different scales, reconciling global market principles and regulations governing tourism development at the local level. The originality of our research lies in its cross-cutting, multidisciplinary focus on progressively deconstructing the real estate issue in resorts. By adopting a stance that is deliberately distanced from the operational rhetoric so often used by politicians and the media, our study endeavours to break free from the traditional dichotomy that opposes the need for economic development and the preservation of the natural environment. Instead it focuses more on the fundamentals of the “decision to build”, often referred to as the “black box” of urban development. What are the main mechanisms underlying real estate growth in tourist resorts? How have they evolved since they were first introduced? Are some resorts more disposed to growth than others? How do public regulation mechanisms operate with respect to urbanisation? Our research will attempt to answer these questions from an overall perspective that focuses on gaining insights into the workings of real estate construction in the context of tourism.

Based on analysis build the profile of domestic and foreign visitor in selected area of Lipno. A partial aim of this thesis is to make a methodology for the profile of domestic and foreign visitors. The investigation was carried out between December 2010 and January 2011 in selected area of microregion. As the method was chosen observing and questioning. The chosen territory means the area of Lipno Ski Resort and the village Lipno nad Vltavou and Frymburk. This area was chosen deliberately, since there is the necessary equipment for winter sports and because there are the greatest concentration of visitors in the winter. The increasing number of visitors during the last few winter seasons is the reason for the implementation of the questioning is in this season. The outcome of the thesis is the profile of domestic and foreign visitor in selected area of Lipno and the methodology of compiling the profile of domestic and foreign visitors in any chosen area.

This dissertation presents the design, development and validation of new data integration methods for mapping the extent of snow cover based on open access ground station measurements, remote sensing images, volunteer observer snow reports, and cross country ski track recordings from location-enabled mobile devices. The first step of the data integration procedure includes data discovery, data retrieval, and data quality control of snow observations at ground stations. The WaterML R package developed in this work enables hydrologists to retrieve and analyze data from multiple organizations that are listed in the Consortium of Universities for the Advancement of Hydrologic Sciences Inc (CUAHSI) Water Data Center catalog directly within the R statistical software environment. Using the WaterML R package is demonstrated by running an energy balance snowpack model in R with data inputs from CUAHSI, and by automating uploads of real time sensor observations to CUAHSI HydroServer. The second step of the procedure requires efficient access to multi-temporal remote sensing snow images. The Snow Inspector web application developed in this research enables the users to retrieve a time series of fractional snow cover from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) for any point on Earth. The time series retrieval method is based on automated data extraction from tile images provided by a Web Map Tile Service (WMTS). The average required time for retrieving 100 days of data using this technique is 5.4 seconds, which is significantly faster than other methods that require the download of large satellite image files. The presented data extraction technique and space-time visualization user interface can be used as a model for working with other multi-temporal hydrologic or climate data WMTS services. The third, final step of the data integration procedure is generating continuous daily snow cover maps. A custom inverse distance weighting method has been developed to combine volunteer snow reports, cross-country ski track reports and station measurements to fill cloud gaps in the MODIS snow cover product. The method is demonstrated by producing a continuous daily time step snow presence probability map dataset for the Czech Republic region. The ability of the presented methodology to reconstruct MODIS snow cover under cloud is validated by simulating cloud cover datasets and comparing estimated snow cover to actual MODIS snow cover. The percent correctly classified indicator showed accuracy between 80 and 90% using this method. Using crowdsourcing data (volunteer snow reports and ski tracks) improves the map accuracy by 0.7 – 1.2 %. The output snow probability map data sets are published online using web applications and web services.

The individual monitoring of cross-country skiers’ technique-related parameters is crucial to identifying possible athlete-individual deficits that need to be corrected in order to optimize the athlete’s performance in competition. To be able to record relevant biomechanical parameters during training in the field, the development of measuring systems exploiting the athlete’s full potential is the key. Known mobile monitoring systems for measuring forces on ski poles use comparably heavy uniaxial load cells mounted on the pole with a data logger also attached to the pole or carried by the athlete. Measurements that are more accurate can be acquired using wire-based systems. However, wire-based systems are highly immobile and only usable when the athletes undergo a stationary test, e.g., on a treadmill. This paper focuses on the functional design of a measuring system using specialized, miniaturized electronics for acquiring data from strain sensors. These data are then used to determine the technique-related parameters pole force and angle of bend. The functional design is also capable of transmitting the acquired data wirelessly via Bluetooth to a smartphone that runs a proprietary app. This approach is advantageous regarding mass, dynamic behavior, analyzing functionality, and signal processing compared to the state of the art.

Detta projekt har tagit fram ett koncept för vintergoggles som möjliggör samtidig glasögonanvändning, så kallat OTG-goggles. Goggles används som skydd för ögonen vid vintersportsutövning såsom skid- och snowboardåkning. Detta har gjorts genom att följa metoden Double Diamond i produktutvecklingen. Under arbetet har de fyra faserna Discover, Define, Develop och Deliver bejakats. Efterforskningar visade på att särskilt känsliga punkter för OTG goggles är passformen kring näspartiet samt sidorna av ett par goggles då dessa områden kan pressa på glasögonen och på så sätt orsaka obehag, alternativt göra det omöjligt att bära goggles och glasögon samtidigt. Skribenterna utforskade olika koncept sett till de känsliga punkterna med hjälp av relevant information från det uppdragsgivande företaget Flaxta samt det handledande företaget Above. Med hjälp av detta kunde olika koncept tas fram, testas och utvecklas. Prototyper gjordes och testades i tre omgångar på flertalet testpersoner med olika ansiktstyper och glasögon. Alla koncept utgick från den befintliga goggles-modellen Plenty från Flaxtas nuvarande kollektion. Resultatet blev en kombination av tre olika koncept som såg till att lösa de känsliga punkternas problemområden relaterade till OTG-goggles. Dessa koncept var Cut (näsparti), Utskärning (sidoparti) samt Gradramen (ramutformningen). Konceptet Cut relativt originalet Plenty hade delar av näspartiet skurits ur vilket gav mer utrymme för glasögonens lins och gjorde så att näspartiet inte längre pressade upp glasögonen mot näsryggen. Konceptet Utskärning gick ut på att ta bort material i sidorna av goggles vilket gav utrymme för skalmarna. Gradkonceptet utgick från att ramen delades i två och vinklades ut 2°. Detta gav mer utrymme för att glasögonen ej skulle kollidera med linsen i goggles. Prototyparbetet genomfördes först med hjälp av moduler för näsparti och ram vilka skrevs ut med hjälp av 3D-skrivare för filament i hård PLA. Slutprototyperna skrevs ut i en bit med hjälp av SLA-skrivare i det flexibla materialet Flexible 80 A. Arbetet resulterade i ett fungerande koncept som passar på ett 1-M huvud enligt SS-EN ISO 18526-4:2020 samt kan rymma de utvalda referensglasögonen RB4379D från märket Ray-ban och sticker ej ut mer än 5 mm från Flaxtas nuvarande modeller. Resultatet stämde överens med målen för projektet. / This project has led to the creation of a concept for winter goggles that allows you to wear glasses simultaneously, also known as OTG goggles. Goggles are used to protect the eyes when performing winter sports such as skiing and snowboarding. The product development has been conducted by following the Double Diamond method. According to this, the project has been divided into the four phases: Discover, Define, Develop, and Deliver. The research conducted during the project showed that some of the most sensitive areas of OTG goggles are the fit around the nose area and sides, as these areas can affect the glasses and cause discomfort, but also make it impossible to wear glasses and goggles at the same time.The authors explored different concepts related to the sensitive areas. This was based on relevant information from Flaxta, the commissioning company, and Above, the supervising company. This led to the creation, testing, and development of different concepts. From this, prototypes were made and tested in three different batches by test subjects with various facial structures and glasses. All the concepts were based on one of Flaxta’s current goggles models called Plenty. The project resulted in a combination of three different concepts, each solving a problem related to the sensitive areas of OTG goggles. These concepts were Cut (nose area), Cutout (side area), and Angle frame (frame construction). In the Cut concept, relative to the original design of Plenty, parts of the nose area had been removed to allow more space for the lens of the glasses. This ensured that the nose area of the goggles no longer pushed up the glasses, causing them to press on the bridge of the nose. The Cutout concept removed material from the sides of the goggles, providing more space for the side pieces of the glasses. The Angle frame was designed by dividing the frame in two and angling it two degrees from the midplane, giving the glasses more space so that they did not collide with the lens of the goggles.The prototypes were initially made by using modules for the nose area and the rest of the frame. These were created by a 3D-printer using hard PLA filament. The final prototypes were made in one piece by printing it in an SLA-printer and the flexible material called Flexible 80 A. The project resulted in a working concept that fits a 1-M head according to SS-EN ISO 18526-4:2020 and that can accommodate the glasses used as reference, model RB4379D from the brand Ray-Ban. It also did not protrude more than 5 mm relative to Flaxta’s current goggles models. The result achieved the goals of the project.

The subject of the diploma thesis is the design of a hotel in the foothills of Králický Sněžník for 62 guests. The hotel has a restaurant, wellness center with swimming pool, fitness center, games room, ski room, sports equipment store, sports equipment rental, 40 covered parking places in the basement, rooms for bikes and baby carriages. This new building is located on the outskirts of the town of Králíky, in places of territorial development with a sports and recreational focus. The design concept is based mainly on the interaction with the future ski slope and works with maximum use of a quality view of the slope and the picturesque landscape. When solving the design, care was taken to ensure that the building complied with the design principles of passive structures.

The dissertation deals with the relationship between sport and the law, in conjunction with private international law. For more than a century sport passed through an important period of development. Many sports have been successfully forgotten, some have survived, and many can be included as the new sports with a tradition of several years or decades. Legal theory and legal practice so far took no particular need to take the issue of sports opinion. Sport is an objectively existing category in nature regardless the law. However, questions regularly associated with sports injuries and their resulting consequences emerged. The growing need for legal regulation of sport industry is primarily related to risks that sports bring to their surroundings and also to athletes. In the foreground there is the application of civil law, which affects compensation for damage to health and sports injuries. Clear solution has not been found to this day. The main goal of this thesis is to evaluate the current state winter sports legislation with an emphasis on skiing. The main topic of the dissertation is responsibility for damages in connection with ski injuries. Another objective is a certain attempt to process selected issues of mutual relations between sport and the law with a particular focus on the comparison...