Time Average Fourier Telescopy (TAFT) has been proposed as a means for obtaining high-resolution, diffraction-limited images over large distances through ground-level horizontal-path atmospheric turbulence. Image data is collected in the spatial-frequency, or Fourier, domain by means of Fourier Telescopy; an inverse two dimensional Fourier transform yields the actual image. TAFT requires active illumination of the distant object by moving interference fringe patterns. Light reflected from the object is collected by a “light-bucket” detector, and the resulting electrical signal is digitized and subjected to a series of signal processing operations, including an all-critical averaging of the amplitude and phase of a number of narrow-band signals. / Includes bibliography. / Dissertation (Ph.D.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2014. / FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection

The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is one of the core protocols of the Internet protocol suite. In the wired network, TCP performs remarkably well due to its scalability and distributed end-to-end congestion control algorithms. However, many studies have shown that the unmodified standard TCP performs poorly in networks with large bandwidth-delay products and/or lossy wireless links. In this thesis, we analyze the problems TCP exhibits in the wireless communication and develop TCP congestion control algorithm for mobile applications. We show that the optimal TCP congestion control and link scheduling scheme amounts to window-control oriented implicit primaldual solvers for underlying network utility maximization. Based on this idea, we used a scalable congestion control algorithm called QUeueIng-Control (QUIC) TCP where it utilizes queueing-delay based MaxWeight-type scheduler for wireless links developed in [34]. Simulation and test results are provided to evaluate the proposed schemes in practical networks. / by Gee Won Han. / Thesis (M.S.C.S.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2013. / Includes bibliography. / Mode of access: World Wide Web. / System requirements: Adobe Reader.

We present an implementation of the IEEE WAVE (Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments) 1609.4 standard, Multichannel Operation. This implementation provides concurrent access to a control channel and one or more service channels, enabling vehicles to communicate among each other on multiple service channels while still being able to receive urgent and control information on the control channel. Also included is functionality that provides over-the-air timing synchronization, allowing participation in alternating channel access in the absence of a reliable time source. Our implementation runs on embedded Linux and is built on top of IEEE 802.11p, as well as a customized device driver. This implementation will serve as a key compo- nent in our IEEE 1609-compliant Vehicular Multi-technology Communication Device (VMCD) that is being developed for a VANET testbed under the Smart Drive initiative, supported by the National Science Foundation. / Includes bibliography. / Thesis (M.S.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2014. / FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection

Submitted by PPG Ci?ncia da Computa??o (ppgcc@pucrs.br) on 2018-06-07T11:44:28Z No. of bitstreams: 1 RENAN_GUEDES_MAIDANA_DIS.pdf: 4462325 bytes, checksum: 589fff5df748f66fa3f6b644cbc058db (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Sheila Dias (sheila.dias@pucrs.br) on 2018-06-15T14:20:14Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 RENAN_GUEDES_MAIDANA_DIS.pdf: 4462325 bytes, checksum: 589fff5df748f66fa3f6b644cbc058db (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-15T14:58:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RENAN_GUEDES_MAIDANA_DIS.pdf: 4462325 bytes, checksum: 589fff5df748f66fa3f6b644cbc058db (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-02 / Na ?rea da Rob?tica M?vel, o problema da localiza??o ? definido como a determina??o da posi??o e orienta??o de um rob? em um espa?o tri-dimensional atrav?s de informa??es de seus sensores. A solu??o mais comum para esse problema ? utilizar um receptor de GPS (doingl?s, Global Positioning System), que reporta posi??o absoluta com rela??o a um sistema de coordenadas fixo e centralizado na Terra. Por?m, o sinal de GPS ? muito afetado por condi??es ambientais e oclus?o de linha de vis?o, por vezes fornecendo estimativas de posi??o de baixa qualidade, se houverem .Com inspira??o nestes problemas, este projeto prop?e um sistema de localiza??o para ser usado por um rob? terrestre em um ambiente externo n?o-controlado, onde h? indisponibilidade de GPS ou que suas medidas s?o de baixa qualidade. Tendo em vista que sensores de baixo custo apresentam medi??es imprecisas devido a fatores ambientais (e.g. terreno acidentado), ? proposta a utiliza??o de pares receptor-transmissor de R?dio-Frequ?ncia, onde a medida do Indicador de Pot?ncia de Sinal Recebido ? usada para estimar as dist?ncias entre receptor e trans- missor, que s?o por sua vez usadas para posicionamento. Essa medida possuia vantagem de ser independente da ilumina??o do ambiente e do estado do terreno, que afetam outros m?todos de localiza??o como Odometria Visual ou por rodas. Um erro m?dio de posiciona- mento de 0.41m foi alcan?ado atrav?s da fus?o de odometria por rodas, velocidade angular de um girosc?pio e pot?ncia de sinal recebido, em um algoritmo de Filtro de Kalman Esten- dido Aumentado, comum a melhoria de 82.66% referente ao erro m?dio de 2.38 m obtido com um sensor GPS comum. / In the field of Mobile Robotics, the localization problem consists on determining a robot?s position and orientation in a three-dimensional space through sensor information. The most common solution to this problem is to employ a Global Positioning System receiver, also known as GPS, which reports absolute position in relation to an Earth-centered fixed coordinate system. However, GPS signals are greatly affected by atmospheric conditions and line-of-sight occlusion, sometimes providing very poor position estimates, if any at all. Inspired by these problems, this project proposes a localization system to be used by a robot in an uncontrolled outdoor environment, where GPS measurements are poor or unavailable. As common sensors provide inaccurate position estimates due to environmental factors (e.g. rough terrain), we propose the use of Radio-Frequency receiver-transmitter pairs, in which the Received Signal Strength Indicator is used for estimating the distances between receiver and transmitter, which in turn are used for positioning. This measurement has the advantage of being independent from lighting conditions or the state of the terrain, factors which affect other localization methods such as visual or wheel odometry. A mean positioning error of 0.41 m was achieved by fusing wheel odometry, angular velocity from a gyroscope and the received signal strength, in an Augmented Extended Kalman Filter algorithm, with an improvement of 82.66% relative to the mean error of 2.38 m obtained with a common GPS sensor.

Este trabalho concentra-se no aumento da robustez à taxa de erros em redes de sensores sem fio industriais (RSSFI). Para alcançar tal objetivo, é preciso, de algum modo, contornar os problemas intrínsecos da comunicação sem fio, que são, o ruído ambiental, interferências e desvanecimento por multipercurso. O multipercurso pode ser considerado um dos principais fatores que tornam as comunicações nas redes de sensores sem fio (RSSF) um verdadeiro desafio quando comparadas com outros meios, como a transmissão em fibra óptica, cabo ou mesmo transmissões de rádio ponto-a-ponto. Nesse sentido, propõe-se a diversidade de antenas como uma solução para minimizar os efeitos do multicaminho, com o objetivo de melhorar a confiabilidade do enlace de rádio para permitir o emprego de RSSF densas. O potencial da diversidade de antenas em RSSF não está totalmente explorado em aplicações industriais. Esta dissertação apresenta ainda, a técnica “Combinação de seleção” para RSSFI através de um algoritmo que seleciona a porta do receptor que apresenta o melhor indicador de qualidade de enlace e realiza a comutação das antenas nos módulos de rádio. Os resultados são analisados para dois tipos de enlaces, isto é, com e sem diversidade de antenas na recepção, e discute-se opções para melhorar o PER (“Packet Error Rate”) com as atuais técnicas de diversidade. / This work concentrates on the increase of reliability and robustness in Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks (IWSNs), decreasing the Packet Error Rate (PER). To achieve this objective, is need to somehow circumvent and reduce the underlying problems of wireless communication, which are: environmental noise, interference, and multipath fading. The multipath can be seen as the main factor which becomes the communications in the Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) a real challenge when compared to other types of means such as a transmission in fiber, cable or even point-to-point radio transmissions. In this sense, it is proposed antenna diversity as solution to reduce these effects, with the aim to improve the reliability of the radio link to allow the use of dense WSNs. The potential of antenna diversity in WSN is not fully exploited in industrial applications. In this sense, this dissertation presents the "Combination of selection" technique for IWSNs through an internal algorithm that selects the receiver port that has the highest LQI ("Link Quality Indicator") and performs an antenna switching in the radio modules. Also, options to improve PER using diversity techniques are discussed.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-04T18:31:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LUCAS AUGUSTO DE ARAUJO MARQUES LEAO.pdf: 1843994 bytes, checksum: 99d00d63745d6c077be1b0e0f8b0d518 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-05-12 / Wireless Sensor Networks (WNS) have been applied as monitoring solution for building management systems. The sensors are responsible for monitoring environment aspects such as temperature, lighting and energy consumption. However, the sensors are exposed to adverse conditions and frequent environment changes, which can dramatically affect communication and data flow. Thus, this work proposes a routing algorithm based on fuzzy logic to identify the best routes in an indoor wireless sensor network. The evaluated parameters are presented (RSSI, Standard Deviation and Packet Error Rate) along with the cost definition process for each route, the best route identification sequence and the results obtained in simulation and experimentation. The proposed solution mixes WSN routing techniques along with fuzzy logic to characterize and define the link cost. The developed algorithm was faced with a routing solution based on RSSI. The experiments demonstrate that the solution allows the selection of higher quality links, reducing the probability of packet loss in comparison to the algorithm based on RSSI. / As Redes de Sensores Sem Fio (RSSF) t?m sido uma solu??o amplamente utilizada no contexto de sistemas de gerenciamento de edifica??es. Os sensores s?o respons?veis por monitorar diversos aspectos do ambiente, como temperatura, ilumina??o e consumo de energia. Entretanto, os sensores est?o expostos a condi??es adversas e mudan?as constantes do ambiente, que podem afetar de maneira definitiva a comunica??o e flu?ncia dos dados. Neste sentido, este trabalho apresenta uma proposta de algoritmo de roteamento baseado em l?gica difusa para identifica??o dos melhores caminhos em uma rede de sensores sem fio indoor. S?o apresentados os par?metros utilizados (RSSI, Desvio Padr?o do RSSI e Taxa de Erro de Pacote) para a defini??o do custo de cada caminho, a sequ?ncia de identifica??o de melhor caminho e os resultados obtidos em simula??o e aplica??o pr?tica. A solu??o proposta agrega t?cnicas de roteamento em RSSF ? utiliza??o de l?gica difusa para caracteriza??o e defini??o dos custos dos enlaces entre os sensores. O algoritmo desenvolvido foi confrontado com uma solu??o de roteamento baseada em RSSI. Os experimentos demonstram que a solu??o permite a sele??o de enlaces de melhor qualidade, reduzindo a probabilidade de perda de pacote em compara??o ao algoritmo baseado apenas em RSSI.

The conventional digital signature schemes widely used today may have their security threatened with the possibility of the rising of a large quantum computer. Moreover, such schemes are not entirely suitable for utilization on very constrained-resource platforms. Therefore, there is a need to look at alternatives that present reasonable security in the medium and long term, in addition to attaining acceptable performance when few resources are available. This work provides more efficient multivariate and hash-based post-quantum digital signatures and targets the deployment in scenarios like Internet of Things and Wireless Sensor Networks where the typical devices are very resource-constrained. In the context of multivariable quadratic digital signatures we describe a new technique that attempts to minimize the main drawbacks of these schemes, the large key sizes. The new technique explores certain structures compact matrix rings. Some of the analyzed matrix rings are not secure (one of the attacks runs in polynomial time). Other less compact matrix rings are investigated and they apparently do not suffer a polynomial time attack, but unfortunately are still far from deployment on very constrained platforms. On the other hand, this work describes a method for hash-based signatures providing a 2/3 reduction of the signature sizes in the Merkle-Winternitz multi-time signature scheme. In fact, the signature sizes constitute the main bottleneck of these schemes. The improvement also leads to a 2/3 reduction in the run times (key generation, signing and verifying) and in energy consumption for all these operations on an AVR ATmega128L microcontroller, typically found in Wireless Sensor Networks. This result is much more promising for the deployment in an IoT scenario. / Os esquemas convencionais de assinatura digital mais usados na atualidade têm sua segurança ameaçada com a possibilidade da construção de um computador quântico de grande porte. Ademias, tais esquemas não têm se mostrado completamente adequados para uso em plataformas com recursos computacionais extremamente escassos. Surge então a necessidade da busca por alternativas que satisfaçam as condições de segurança a médio e longo prazo, além de apresentarem desempenho razoável quando poucos recursos computacionais estão disponíveis. Este trabalho obtém assinaturas digitais pós-quânticas multivariadas quadráticas e baseadas em hash mais eficientes e tem o intuito de torna-las práticas em cenários como Internet das Coisas e Redes de Sensores Sem Fio (RSSF), caracterizados por apresentarem dispositivos com recursos computacionais limitados. No contexto de assinaturas multivariadas quadráticas, descreve-se uma nova técnica que tenta minimizar o principal gargalo desses esquemas, o grande tamanho de chaves. A nova técnica explora certos anéis matriciais com estrutura compacta. Mostra-se que alguns dos anéis analisados não são seguros (um dos ataques apresenta tempo polinomial), enquanto outros anéis menos compactos aparentam não sofrer ataque polinomial, mas infelizmente ainda não são adequados para uso em dispositivos muito restritos. Por outro lado, descreve-se um método para obter assinaturas digitais baseadas em hash que fornece redução das assinaturas para 2/3 do tamanho original do esquema multi-time Merkle-Winternitz. De fato, o tamanho das assinaturas constitui o principal gargalo desses esquemas, A melhoria também acarreta uma redução em 2/3 nos tempos de execução (geração de chave, geração de assinaturas e verificação de assinatura) e no consumo de energia para essas operações quando executadas em um microcontrolador AVR tipicamente usado em Redes de Sensores Sem Fio, o AT-mega 128L. Este resultado torna-se promissor para implantação de assinaturas baseadas em hash no cenário de Internet das Coisas.

Une maintenance efficace d’un dispositif industriel ne peut être basée que sur la fiabilité et l’exactitude de données physiques captées sur ledit dispositif, à des fins de surveillance. Dans certains cas, le monitoring de tels systèmes industriels ou de zones à surveiller ne peut pas être assuré à l’aide de capteurs individuels ou filaires, du fait par exemple de problèmes d’accès ou de milieux hostiles. Les Réseaux de Capteurs Sans Fil (RCSF) sont alors une alternative. En raison de la nature des communications dans ces réseaux, et des caractéristiques des appareils composants ces derniers, un RCSF est à fort risque de pannes au niveau des capteurs, et dans ce cas la perte de diverses données est probable - ce qui peut s’avérer problématique pour le monitoring du dispositif. Pour étudier la pertinence des RCSF pour le processus dit de PHM (Prognostic and Health Management, utilisé pour déterminer le plan de maintenance d’un dispositif à surveiller), et l’impact des diverses stratégies déployées dans ces premiers sur ces derniers, nous avons proposé un premier algorithme de diagnostic efficace et l’avons utilisé dans un RCSF simulé pour en mesurer la performance (ce simulateur étant un programme que nous avons développé). / Effective maintenance of an industrial device can only be based on the reliability and accuracy of physical data captured on said device for monitoring purposes. In some cases, monitoring of such industrial systems or areas to be monitored can not be ensured by individual or wire sensors, for example due to access problems or hostile environments. Wireless Sensor Networks (RCSF) are an alternative. Due to the nature of the communications in these networks, and the characteristics of the devices making up the latter, an RCSF is at high risk of failures at the sensors, and in this case the loss of various data is likely - problematic for the monitoring of the device. To study the relevance of the RCSF to the so-called Prognostic and Health Management (PHM) process used to determine the maintenance plan for a device to be monitored, and the impact of the various strategies deployed in the latter on the latter, proposed a first efficient diagnostic algorithm and used it in a simulated RCSF to measure its performance (this simulator being a program that we developed).

La sécurité des systèmes de contrôle industriel est une préoccupation majeure. En effet, ces systèmes gèrent des installations qui jouent un rôle économique important. En outre, attaquer ces systèmes peut non seulement entraîner des pertes économiques, mais aussi menacer des vies humaines. Par conséquent, et comme ces systèmes dépendent des données collectées, il devient évident qu’en plus des exigences de temps réel, il est important de sécuriser les canaux de communication entre ces capteurs et les contrôleurs principaux. Ces problèmes sont plus difficiles à résoudre dans les réseaux de capteurs sans fil (WSN). Cette thèse a pour but d’aborder les questions de sécurité des WSN. Tout d’abord, nous effectuons une étude de sécurité approfondie du protocole WirelessHART. Ce dernier est le protocole leader pour les réseaux de capteurs sans fil industriels (WISN). Nous évaluons ses forces et soulignons ses faiblesses et ses limites. En particulier, nous décrivons deux vulnérabilités de sécurité dangereuses dans son schéma de communication et proposons des améliorations afin d’y remédier. Ensuite, nous présentons wIDS, un système de détection d’intrusion (IDS) multicouches qui se base sur les spécifications, spécialement développé pour les réseaux de capteurs sans fil industriels. L’IDS proposé vérifie la conformité de chaque action effectuée par un noeud sans fil sur la base d’un modèle formel du comportement normal attendu. / The security in Industrial Control Systems is a major concern. Indeed, these systems manage installations that play an important economical role. Furthermore, targeting these systems can lead not only to economical losses but can also threaten human lives. Therefore, and as these systems depend on sensing data, it becomes obvious that additionally to real-time requirement, it is important to secure communication channels between these sensors and the main controllers. These issues are more challenging inWireless Sensor Networks (WSN) as the use of wireless communications brings its own security weaknesses. This thesis aims to address WSN-based security issues. Firstly, we conduct an in-deep security study of the WirelessHART protocol. This latter is the leading protocol for Wireless Industrial Sensor Networks (WISN) and is the first international approved standard. We assess its strengths and emphasize its weaknesses and limitations. In particular, we describe two harmful security vulnerabilities in the communication scheme of WirelessHART and propose improvement in order to mitigate them. Secondly, we present wIDS, a multilayer specification based Intrusion Detection System (IDS) specially tailored for Wireless Industrial Sensor Networks. The proposed IDS checks the compliance of each action performed by a wireless node based on a formal model of the expected normal behavior.

nÃo hà / Redes de Sensores Sem Fio (RSSF) sÃo utilizadas em diversos tipos de aplicaÃÃes: desde casas inteligentes a aplicaÃÃes militares. RSSF possuem, em geral, severas restriÃÃes energÃticas - um sensor geralmente possui uma quantidade limitada de bateria e este nÃo à substituÃvel. Os sensores podem possuir uma certa redundÃncia de uma Ãrea sensoreada, uma vez que, quando os sensores sÃo distribuÃdos de forma aleatÃria, alguns sensores acabam ficando muito prÃximos, ou mesmo quando sÃo depositados de maneira determinÃstica, uma certa redundÃncia à necessÃria para prever a falha de alguns destes sensores. Neste trabalho, propomos um algoritmo distribuÃdo que faz um escalonamento de sensores ativos, de forma a reduzir a redundÃncia dos dados coletados e aumentar o tempo de vida da rede de sensores. / Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are used in a lot of applications: from smart homes to military enviromnets. In general, WSNs has severe energy restrictions - a sensor usualy has a limited batery and itâs not replaceable. Distributing the sensor in a random mander can lead to a redundancy of some areas and this is desirable to support fail of some sensors. In this work, we propose an distributed algorithm to schedule active sensors to reduce the redundancy of data obtainned by the network and prolong the network lifetime.