Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is an emerging multi-hop wireless network technology, and the greenhouse network monitoring system is one of the key applications of WSNs in which various parameters such as temperature, humidity, pressure and power can be monitored. Here, we aim to study the performance of a simulation-based greenhouse monitoring system. To design the greenhouse monitoring system based on WSN, we have used ZigBee-based devices (end devices, routers, coordinators, and actuators. Our proposed greenhouse monitoring network has been designed and simulated using the network simulator OPNET Modeller.The investigation is split into two; first, the aim is to find the optimal Transmit (Tx) power set out at sensor nodes and second, the focus is on studying how increasing the number of sensor nodes in the same greenhouse network will affect the overall network performance. ZigBee-based greenhouses corresponded to 4 network scenarios and are simulated using OPNET Modeller in which 22 different transmit (Tx) power (22 cases) in Scenario 1 is simulated, scenario 2, 3 and 4 estimated to 63, 126, 189 number of sensor nodes respectively. Investigating the performance of the greenhouse monitoring network performance metrics such as network load, throughput, packets sent/received and packets loss are considered to be evaluated under varied transmit (Tx) power and increasing number of sensor nodes. Out of the comprehensive studies concerning simulation results for 22 different transmit (Tx) power cases underlying the greenhouse monitoring network (Scenario1), it is found that packets sent/received and packets loss perform the best with the transmitted (Tx) power falling in a range of 0.9 mWatt to 1.0 mWatt while packet sent/received and packet loss are found to perform moderately with the transmitted (Tx) power values that lie in a range of 0.05 mWatt to 0.8 mWatt. Less than 0.05 mWatt and greater than 0.01 microWatt Tx power experience, the worst performance in terms of particularly packet dropped case. For instance, in the case of the packet dropped (not joined packet, i.e., generated at the application layer but not able to join the network due to lack of Tx power), with a Tx power of 0.01 mWatt, 384 packets dropped with a Tx power of 0.02 and 0.03 mWatt, 366 packets dropped, and with a Tx power of 0.04 and 0.05, 336 packet dropped.While increasing the number of sensor nodes, as in scenario 2, 3 and 4, dealing with sensor nodes 63, 126 and 189 correspondingly, the MAC load, MAC throughput, packet sent/received in scenario 2 are found to perform better than that of scenario 3 and scenario 4, while packet loss in scenarios 2, 3 and 4 appeared to be 15%, 12% and 83% correspondingly.

As the trends towards decentralization, miniaturization, and longevity of deployment continue in many domains, power management has become increasingly important. In this work, we develop power-aware control strategies for wireless sensor networks to improve the lifetime of the network and to ensure that the desired performance is guaranteed. For the case of static networks (networks of agents with no mobility), we identify the problem of the effects of power variations on the performance of an individual sensing device and on the entire network. To address this problem in a randomly deployed sensor network comprising of sensing devices whose sensing range is a function of transmitted power, we propose power-aware controllers to compensate for the variations in available power and maintain desired performance. We also propose a novel energy-efficient sleep-scheduling scheme that is random in nature and allows limited coordination among neighboring sensors for making switching decisions. This scheme is based on the concept of a hard-core point process from stochastic geometry, in which neighboring points are allowed to interact with each other through some predefined interaction laws. For the case of mobile networks (networks of agents with mobility), we propose a solid framework for distributed power-aware mobility strategies that can achieve any desired global objective while minimizing total energy consumption. This goal is achieved by first exploring fundamental trade-offs among various modes of operations of mobile devices and then exploiting these trade-offs for minimizing energy consumption. Through this framework, a whole class of decentralized power-aware controllers emerge for solving canonical problems in multi-agent systems like connectivity maintenance, rendezvous, and coverage control.

Thesis (M.S.)--Mississippi State University. Department of Computer Science and Engineering. / Title from title screen. Includes bibliographical references.

M. Tech. Electrical Engineering. / Objectives of this research is to use the node orientation, coupled with antenna radiation pattern of each node, to improve the Received Signal Strength (RSS) range measurement technique. As energy eciency is critical to WSNs, it is necessary to minimize both computation and communication costs in any operation involving WSNs,including during the localisation process. To achieve that, accelerometer measurements are used to reduce the number of iteration of the optimisation process during the refinement phase by computing more accurately an initial position for the optimisation using dead reckoning and approach the localisation in a distributed manner. The contribution of this is the investigation and development of an ecient localisation algorithm that can be used on a low cost wireless sensor board developed using existing technology. A review of the existing methods is conducted to highlight the key aspect to consider when developing an ecient localisation algorithms. A mathematical modelling of the proposed algorithm is developed and simulation is conducted to analyse the performance of the algorithm. An exhaustive test bed hardware has been designed on which the algorithm can to be validated.

O notável desenvolvimento da indústria eletrônica observado nos últimos tempos tem permitido aplicações de conjuntos integrados de sensores em ambientes sem fio, conhecidos por wireless sensor networks (WSN), que passam por sensoriamento de processos industriais, ambientes tóxicos, projetos militares de monitoração de variáveis de segurança, até observação de fenômenos físicos naturais. Uma das principais especificações de uma rede WSN, o consumo de energia afeta diretamente a capacidade e tempo de vida útil do sistema, pois, na maioria dos casos, seus módulos possuem baterias independentes e sua substituição nem sempre é tarefa simples. Motivado pela necessidade de oferecer robustez e economia de energia nas redes WSN, o protocolo difusão direcionada se baseia na centralização de dados e a identificação de seus módulos é feita por meio de pares valor-atributo. Sua estrutura permite a adição de componentes de software que podem atuar na análise e modificação dos dados recebidos com o objetivo de alterar o protocolo original. O objetivo principal deste trabalho é investigar um método para otimização do uso de energia disponível em redes WSN com intuito de prolongar seu tempo de vida útil. O metódo consiste em analisar os valores das energias atribuídas aos módulos componentes da rede por meio de incorporação de um algoritmo de rotas baseado em energia ao protocolo difusão direcionada. Comparações de desempenho da rede em relação ao seu tempo de vida e energia dos módulos são realizadas utilizando o simulador NS-2. As simulações feitas em diversos cenários indicaram melhoria de desempenho em relação ao protocolo difusão direcionada original. Os cenários onde o protocolo original foi alterado apresentaram um número maior de rotas descobertas e possibilitaram um aumento de pelo menos 22% no tempo de vida da rede, em relação ao protocolo original. / The notable development of electronic industry in the last years allows the implementation of sensor integrated circuits in wireless environments, known as wireless sensor networks (WSN), which leads to industrial process sensing, toxic environments, military security monitor projects and natural physical phenomenon. As one of the main specifications of a WSN network, the energy consumption directly affects the capacity and the system useful lifetime, since most of the time its modules have independent batteries and their substitution is not always a simple task. Motivated by the need of offering robustness and energy economy for WSN networks, the directed diffusion protocol is data-centric based and its modules identification is made by attribute-value pairs. The directed diffusion structure enables the addition of software components which can act on the analysis and modification of received data with the objective of changing the original protocol. The main objective of this work is to investigate a method for optimization of available energy on WSN networks with the intention of increasing its useful lifetime. The method consists on analyzing the energy values attributed to the component modules of the network by incorporating an energy-based routing algorithm to directed diffusion protocol. Performance comparisons of the network related to its lifetime and modules energy are developed using the NS-2 simulator. Simulations performed in several scenarios indicated a better performance in relation to the original directed diffusion protocol. The scenarios where the original protocol was changed had larger number of discovered routes and allowed a rising of at least 22% on network lifetime, in relation to the original protocol.

No description available.

Wireless sensor and actor networks (WSANs) are distributed systems of sensor nodes and actors that are interconnected over the wireless medium. Sensor nodes collect information about the physical world and transmit the data to actors by using one-hop or multi-hop communications. Actors collect information from the sensor nodes, process the information, take decisions and react to the events. This dissertation presents contributions to the methods of routing, localization and positioning in WSANs for practical applications. We first propose a routing protocol with service differentiation for WSANs with stationary nodes. In this setting, we also adapt a sports ranking algorithm to dynamically prioritize the events in the environment depending on the collected data. We extend this routing protocol for an application, in which sensor nodes float in a river to gather observations and actors are deployed at accessible points on the coastline. We develop a method with locally acting adaptive overlay network formation to organize the network with actor areas and to collect data by using locality-preserving communication. We also present a multi-hop localization approach for enriching the information collected from the river with the estimated locations of mobile sensor nodes without using positioning adapters. As an extension to this application, we model the movements of sensor nodes by a subsurface meandering current mobility model with random surface motion. Then we adapt the introduced routing and network organization methods to model a complete primate monitoring system. A novel spatial cut-off preferential attachment model and iii center of mass concept are developed according to the characteristics of the primate groups. We also present a role determination algorithm for primates, which uses the collection of spatial-temporal relationships. We apply a similar approach to human social networks to tackle the problem of automatic generation and organization of social networks by analyzing and assessing interaction data. The introduced routing and localization protocols in this dissertation are also extended with a novel three dimensional actor positioning strategy inspired by the molecular geometry. Extensive simulations are conducted in OPNET simulation tool for the performance evaluation of the proposed protocols

Recently, wireless sensor networks have become one of the most exciting areas for research and development. However, sensor nodes are battery operated, thus the sensor¿s ability to perform its assigned tasks is limited by its battery capacity; therefore, energy efficiency is considered to be a key issue in designing WSN applications. Clustering has emerged as a useful mechanism for trade-off between certain design goal conflicts; the network life time, and the amount of data obtained. However, different sources of energy waste still exist. Furthermore, in such dynamic environments, different data rate requirements emerge due to the current network status, thus adapting a response to the changing network is essential, rather than following the same principle during the network¿s lifespan. This thesis presents dynamic techniques to adapt to network changes, through which the limited critical energy source can be wisely managed so that the WSN application can achieve its intended design goals. Two approaches have been taken to decreasing the energy use. The first approach is to develop two dynamic round time controllers, called the minimum round time controller MIN-RC and the variable round time controller VAR-RC, whereas the second approach improves intra-cluster communication using a Co-Cluster head; both approaches show better energy utilisation compared to traditional protocols. A third approach has been to develop a general hybrid protocol H-RC that can adapt different applications requirements; it can also tolerate different data rate requirements for the same application during the system¿s lifetime.

Mobile wireless sensor networks are not widely implemented in the real world, even after years of research carried out in this field. One reason is the lack of understanding of the impact that mobility has on network performance. The simulation and emulation of mobile wireless sensor networks is necessary before they are deployed for the real-world applications. This thesis presents a simulation-based study of different mobility models. The total area coverage that depends on the pattern of node movements is observed through simulations. The spatial distribution of node locations is also studied. Various synthetic mobility models available are explored based on their theoretical descriptions. ‘BonnMotion' is used as the network simulator for investigating different mobility scenarios. The results obtained after simulations are imported to MATLAB and the analysis of node movements is done through various plots and inferences from the data. The comparison of mobility models is also discussed based on their spatial node distribution in the simulated scenarios.

A wireless sensor network (WSN) is a spatially distributed network used to monitor the physical and environmental conditions such as temperature, pressure, sound, humidity, heat, etc. WSNs can be modeled using different simulation frameworks like OMNeT++, Prowler, Atarraya, PiccSIM, Network Simulator, etc. In this research, Simulink framework was used to model WSN system. The complete WSN consisting of transmitting nodes, communication channel, and receiver nodes are built in the Simulink framework. Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing technique was used to transmit the information. The implemented wireless sensor system behavior is studied using temperature as the measurement parameter at different values of signal to noise ratio. The plots of bit error rate versus signal to noise ratio and frame error rate versus signal to noise ratio are generated in the Simulink framework. It is easy to study the effect of different physical layer parameters on the performance of wireless sensor networks by implementing WSN in the Simulink framework.