This thesis argues that a close reading of Karol Wojtyla (John Paul II) and Emmanuel Levinas reveals a common phenomenological and ethical interest in the embodied human person. Attention is also given to points of disagreement that are theological in character. Despite different religious commitments, their treatment of the body provides the basis for an overlooked dialogue in which both emphasise the giftedness of the embodied human subject, the ‘other’. In the postmodern context, the body is a key theme and the focus of much debate, yet little has been said of observations made by both Wojtyla and Levinas about each other’s work, or how this relates to their own development. This is surprising given their huge contribution to philosophy, ethics and theology in the 20th century. Levinas' mature philosophical works build on his ongoing interest in phenomenology, but the body remains problematical. For him, incarnation is questionable, because he refuses an incarnational avatar. There is no escape from commitment or responsibility and the theme of alterity is absolute. Yet, communio is the necessary objective of the human situation, in which bodies do not simply make incarnate presence possible, but are fragile, wounded and vulnerable. This is crucial: bodies can be violated and even crucified. Wojtyla addressed this paradox in his Wednesday audiences in what became known as his ‘theology of the body’, which in turn shaped his principle paradigm of alterity, the nuptial mystery. There is an irreconcilable difference in these two views of the body, in which Wojtyla’s nuptial mystery contrasts strongly with Levinas’ alterity. With this important variation in mind, it is demonstrated that the thread of agreement between Levinas and Wojtyla is the logic of the gift; that the body speaks a language of gift-exchange that is fundamentally ethical and theological.

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Orientador: Jose Mario Ortiz Ramos / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-05T02:03:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CarranzaDavila_BrendaMaribel_D.pdf: 6546087 bytes, checksum: 1d35b7caf98bfd9ed1e160b3356bfde4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: Esta pesquisa propõe-se a demonstrar como uma terceira onda de recatolização brasileira está sendo constituída, liderada por uma nova face da Renovação Carismática Católica: o catolicismomidiático, cujo emblema é o fenômeno Pe. Marcelo Rossi. O estudo identifica as mutações culturais que alavancam a consolidação dessa recatolização, suas semelhanças com o neopentecostalismo protestante e os conflitos intra-eclesiais gerados por essa ofensiva de reinstitucionalização, inspirada e legitimada no pontificado de João Paulo II. Alerta-se, também, para os traços ¿neointegristas¿ e ¿exculturados¿ que tendem a redesenhar outra fase do catolicismo, a qual vem fermentando nos últimos trinta anos. No âmago dessa discussão, encontram-se os dilemas e os paradoxos que emergem na relação histórica entre a Igreja e a modernidade, quando a primeira apropria-se da cultura midiática, através do uso religioso dos meios de comunicação de massa, no afã de adaptar-se aos sinais dos tempos. A tese consta de três partes: a primeira captura as interfaces da vertiginosa ascensão do jovem sacerdote com a cultura de consumo; a segunda esboça os traços do catolicismo midiático e a maneira como ele configura imaginários, subjetividades e sociabilidades religiosas, veiculando-as na rádio, televisão, internet e cinema, além de analisar os desdobramentos sociais dessas práticas pastorais; e a terceira aproxima o leitor à dinâmica interna de uma instituição milenar, experiente na arte de gerenciar diferenças, negociar hegemonias e de manter um equilíbrio sistêmico. No seu conjunto, esta reflexão ambiciona sugerir a relevância do fenômeno religioso na sociedade contemporânea / Abstract: This research seeks to demonstrate how a third way of the Brazilian re-catholicizing is being constructed under the leadership of a new face of the Catholic Charismatic Renovation: the Media-Catholicism, whose emblem is the priest Marcelo Rossi¿s phenomenon. The study identifies the cultural changes that leverage the consolidation of the current re-catholicizing process. Also, it identifies the similarities with the Protestant Neo-Pentecostalism and the intra-Catholic Church conflicts ¿the last one created by the re-institutionalization effort inspired and legitimated during John Paul II pontifical period. Besides, it calls the attention to the ¿neo-integrist¿ and ¿exculturated¿ traces that tend to re-design another phase of Catholicism, the one that is being leavened for the last thirty years. The dilemmas and paradoxes that emerged into the historical relation between the Catholic Church and modernity are at the center of this discussion. Particularly, when the Church, in the eager to adapt itself to the signals of the time, resorts to the media culture, making religious use of the mass means of communication. This thesis is divided in three parts: the first one captures the interfaces between the vertiginous rising of the young priest and the culture of consumption; the second, sketches the traces of the media Catholicism and the way in which it configures imageries, subjetivities and religious sociabilities, transmitting them through the radio, television, movies and the Internet ¿analyzing, as well, the social outcomes of those pastoral practices; and the third part takes the reader to the interior dynamics of a millenarian institution, well experienced in the art of managing differences, negotiating hegemonies and maintaining a systemic equilibrium. As a whole, this reflection seeks to call the attention to the importance of a religious phenomenon in the contemporary society / Doutorado / Doutor em Ciências Sociais