Les femmes rencontrent certains obstacles pour s’insérer dans le monde du travail. Elles souhaitent avoir leur place et veulent pouvoir négocier des modalités de leur inclusion dans les espaces publics, qui peuvent être culturellement différents, tout en conservant leur propre identité. Ainsi, la structuration et la dynamique identitaires sont sous l’influence de facteurs socioculturels, économiques et familiaux, eux-mêmes combinés avec l’intentionnalité des acteurs. Il s’agit donc d’étudier quelle est l’influence de la culture dans les choix professionnels, et de vie, des jeunes femmes en France et en Algérie. Nous verrons que le choix du projet professionnel impose aux jeunes femmes la construction de stratégies identitaires afin de concilier vie professionnelle et vie familiale, et les représentations sociales de la culture d’origine orientent les décisions des jeunes femmes quant à leur projet de vie.L’essor de l’activité féminine, autant en France qu’en Algérie, correspond autant aux impératifs socio-économiques qu’aux évolutions des mentalités des différentes sociétés, ainsi que des aspirations et des revendications des femmes elles-mêmes. En effet, les cultures dites traditionnelles progressent plus doucement que les cultures dites modernes où la libération de la femme s’est faite depuis déjà plusieurs années. Mais malgré toutes les embûches pouvant subvenir sur le chemin de ces jeunes femmes, elles restent très motivées pour changer leur destin et améliorer leurs conditions de vie. Le travail peut ainsi leur apporter une certaine autonomie financière. Par conséquent, les femmes gagnent de plus en plus leur indépendance face aux hommes. / The women meet certain obstacles to fit into the world of the work. They wish to have their place and want to be able to negotiate modalities of their inclusion in public places, which can be culturally different, while preserving their own identity. So, the identical structuralization and the dynamics are under the influence of sociocultural, economic and family factors, themselves were organized with the intentionnalité of the actors.It is thus a question of studying what is the influence of the culture in the professional choices, and the life, the young women in France and in Algeria. We shall see that the choice of the professional project imposes to the young women the construction of identical strategies to reconcile professional life and family life, and the social representations of the culture of origin direct the decisions of the young women as for their life plan.The development of the feminine activity, as much in France as in Algeria, corresponds as much to the socioeconomic imperatives as to the evolutions of the mentalities of the various societies, as well as the aspiration and the demands of the very women. Indeed, the traditional said cultures progress more slowly than the modern said cultures where the Women's Liberation was made for already several years. But in spite of all the pitfalls which could meet on the road of these young women, they remain very motivated to change their fate and improve their living conditions. The work can so bring them a certain financial autonomy. Consequently, the women win more and more their independence in front of men.

Social science research has been slow to incorporate the international migration of skilled and educated women, and the impacts of their return migration. At the same time, Turkish female migrants have been negatively stereotyped in the literature. This exploratory and descriptive study aims to address these gaps by examining the impacts of emigration and return migration on the social and work lives of educated Turkish women who have returned to Turkey from Canada. Oral history interviews were conducted with six working-age, educated female returnees in Istanbul and Ankara between February and April 2007. Aside from some common features, the six women in this study differ greatly in terms of age, marital status, field of study and work, length of time in Canada and Turkey, and the opportunities and resources available to them throughout their migrations. From the interpretive examination of the women&amp / #8217 / s narratives, patterns in their subjective social and work life experiences emerged. The issue of gender was found to pervade all aspects of the women&amp / #8217 / s lives at all stages of their migrations as they negotiated their often contradictory social roles as mothers, wives, daughters, and professionals. This study also reveals that none of the women migrated as an individual actor. Rather, contextual and stratification factors such as marital status, family configuration, language skills, prior exposure to different cultures, socio-economic background, education and labour force participation were found to shape and influence their initial potential for migration, as well as the processes and outcomes of their migrations.

This thesis is dedicated to women who were called "the super women" during the communist era. Their mission was to combine their profession with taking care of their children alongside of being a housewife. Even though the traditional model of the men supporting the whole family changed to more democratic model with the both man and woman supporting the family, the housekeeping and taking care of children still stayed the wive's responsibility. In the period of communism, women were "double burdened". They dedicated their lives for their families and the free time they had, which was less then what men had, mostly corresponded with the interests of children and the whole family. In this thesis I focus on how these women live nowadays. They have already retired and after losing their partner they now live alone. I also focus on how they deal with this different life situation and changes in their social roles. I work with the theoretical approaches of emancipated femininity and active aging as a way to cope with changes in social status. I chose the qualitative approach as a research method. It is implemented in this diploma thesis by analyzing thorough interviews with widowed seniors.