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Vatican II was one of the most seminal councils in Roman Catholic Church history, having far reaching effects on the universal institution.1 One of the most important outcomes of Vatican II was not the reforming of orthopraxy, but the dialogue that developed regarding three specific issues – the transforming of women’s roles in Church life, Catholic sexual ethics, and the Church’s relationship with LGBTQ+ individuals.2 The decades following Vatican II became a new era of religious dialogue among Catholic scholars and theologians, which established new discussions on women’s ordination, sexual ethics, and attitudes towards homosexuality in the contemporary world. This thesis examines dialogue concerning women’s ordination, as well as the dialogue that developed from Pope John Paul II’s teachings in his Theology of the Body regarding sexual ethics and the agency of queer persons in the Church. It explores the dialogue among scholars and theologians on the changing role and opinion of women in ministerial positions, the shifting understanding of sexual morality, and the changing attitudes towards queer individuals that developed because of Vatican II’s emphasis on discussion. Vatican II decisively changed the way the Church practices and performs its numerous responsibilities in our modern world. However, the result also included a deeper understanding of the individual needs, ideas, and beliefs of the laity. In 2014, the Vatican’s International Theological Commission referenced the importance of laity’s role as members of the universal Church: Putting faith into practice in the concrete reality of the existential situations in which he or she is placed by family, professional and cultural relations enriches the personal experience of the believer. It enables him or her to see more precisely the value and the limits of a given doctrine, and to propose ways of refining its formulation. That is why those who teach in the name of the Church should give full attention to the experience of believers, especially lay people, who strive to put the Church’s teaching into practice in the areas of their own specific experience and competence.3 In doing so, greater concern for discussion of these issues developed, which is documented in this thesis. 1 To maintain efficiency within the overall thesis, from this point the term “Roman Catholic Church” will be shortened to “the Church.” This in no way is meant to mean the Catholic Church is the only church but is a way to provide a shortened term for a longer name. It also is not meant to delineate the entirety of the Body of Christ within the religious tradition of Christianity to the Roman Catholic Church. 2 Orthopraxy in this case refers to the correct performance and practice of certain rituals and ritespredominantly found within the Roman Catholic Latin Rite Mass. 3 International Theological Commission, “Sensus Fidei in the Life of the Church,” (Vatican City, 2014).

Submitted by Noeme Timbo (noeme.timbo@metodista.br) on 2016-08-12T22:43:51Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Valeia Vieira de Souza.pdf: 3033641 bytes, checksum: 4011499d2ae118034b67c01e11c28af7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-12T22:43:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Valeia Vieira de Souza.pdf: 3033641 bytes, checksum: 4011499d2ae118034b67c01e11c28af7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-23 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The Baptist context is predominantly marked by male leaders and for women only places and behaviors socially established, such as home care, maternity, submission, among other characteristics that emphasize the gender hierarchy. Even before the economic development and occupation that women are gaining in the public space, the church, mainly Baptist churches, remain founded on foundations that exalt male power at the expense of place that should be occupied by women, or where they decide to act. If they decide to operate in a predominantly male place, they will have to deal with the deconstruction of a thought socially permeated with male domination and the arduous construction of a thought aimed at gender equality. The object of this research is the female pastoral ministry in the Baptist Brazilian context. The text analyzes the discourse of Pastors Baptists of São Paulo and the speech of the Order of the leaders of Baptist Pastors of São Paulo (OPBB-SP) about the female pastoral ministry and not the membership of women in OPBB-SP. The importance of this work is to demonstrate the relationship of the micro power existing between shepherds and shepherdesses and concomitant inequalities within the context Baptist in relation to pastoral ministry. This statement is configured by means of the analysis of semi-structured interviews I conducted research with seven shepherds of São Paulo, as well as three leaders of OPPB-SP. It is a qualitative research, in which were analyzed official documents of the church, as convention agendas, protocol, institutional sites, periodicals and unofficial documents found on social networks, blogs, online newspapers, etc. I can claim that the Baptists pastors are mobilizing to fulfill his calling, using transcendent arguments that prevent any person to challenge or doubt the pastoral call these women, but: “The wind goes were its pleasure takes it, and the sound of it comes to your ears, but you are unable to say where it comes from and where it goes; so it is with everyone whose birth is from the Spirit.” (John 3.8) / O contexto batista é predominantemente marcado por lideranças masculinas, destinando às mulheres apenas lugares e comportamentos socialmente estabelecidos, como a casa, o cuidado, a maternidade, a submissão, entre outras características que enfatizam a hierarquia de gênero. Mesmo diante do desenvolvimento econômico e da ocupação que as mulheres estão conquistando no campo público, a igreja e principalmente as igrejas batistas, permanecem fundadas em alicerces que exaltam o poder masculino em detrimento do lugar que deve ser ocupado pelas mulheres, ou seja, onde elas decidirem atuar. Caso elas decidam atuar num campo predominantemente masculino, terão que lidar com a desconstrução de um pensamento socialmente permeado de dominação masculina e com a árdua construção de um pensamento que vise a igualdade de gênero. O objeto desta pesquisa é o ministério pastoral feminino no contexto batista brasileiro. O texto analisa o discurso das Pastoras Batistas do Estado de São Paulo e o discurso dos líderes da Ordem dos Pastores Batistas de São Paulo (OPBB-SP) a respeito do ministério pastoral feminino e a não filiação de mulheres na OPBB-SP. A importância deste trabalho é a de demostrar as relações de micro poder existentes entre pastores e pastoras e concomitantemente as desigualdades dentro do contexto batista com relação ao ministério pastoral feminino. Essa afirmação se consolida por meio das análises das entrevistas semiestruturadas que realizei na pesquisa de campo, com sete pastoras batistas do Estado de São Paulo, bem como com três líderes da OPPB-SP. Esta é uma pesquisa qualitativa, em que foram analisados documentos oficiais da igreja, como pautas de convenções, atas, sites institucionais, periódicos e documentos não oficiais encontrados em redes sociais, blogs, jornais online, entre outros. Posso afirmar que as pastoras batistas estão se mobilizando para cumprir sua vocação, usando argumentos transcendentes que impedem qualquer pessoa de desafiar ou duvidar de seu chamado pastoral, pois: “O vento sopra onde quer; ouve-se o ruído, mas não sabes de onde vem, nem para onde vai. Assim acontece com aquele(a) que nasceu do Espírito.” (João 3.8).

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Culture and religion have both healthy and unhealthy effect on the leadership development of women in Africa. In this regard, the impact of especially African Pentecostal Christian discourses, as well as Vhavenda cultural discourses, on the lives of women leaders are brought to the surface through literary reviews, questionnaires and interviews. Accordingly, the data obtained by means of these methods are analysed using existing theological and cultural hermeneutics methods. Furthermore, they are deconstructed in terms of a vhusadzi (womanhood) perspective of empowerment regarding women in the ministry, which is applicable in an African-South African context. The present role of women in Pentecostal churches in the Venda context is studied historically and critically with reference to a future of empowerment. It is found that the leadership role of women in the ministry in Pentecostal churches in Venda is faced by certain challenges, which include rereading the Bible from the perspective of women in partnership with men, validating women’s ordination in dialogue with patriarchal interpretations of presumed biblical prohibitions on women’s ordination, rescoping cultural influences on church leadership roles, which are supported by Venda proverbs and rituals and reframing perceptions of women in the ministry amongst church leaders and the laity. The unique contribution of this thesis is, firstly, its focus on Pentecostal women in Venda. Secondly, a vhusadzi perspective is formulated that has never been done before in the literature. This perspective encompasses the experiences and expectations of Vhavenda women living in the Limpopo Province in South Africa. Thirdly, a link is drawn between culture, religion and ministerial leadership with a gender focus that produces new knowledge of the relationship between religion and culture as it manifests itself in a Venda context. The vhusadzi approach is informed by the bosadi approach of the Old Testament scholar, Madipoane Masenya, and feeds on her insights into women’s access to the interpretation of biblical texts. The vhusadzi approach takes these insights further by applying them to Vhavenda women’s access to leadership roles in the church. It opens up the future for further research, inviting African women scholars to contextualise issues related to women’s ordination. / Systematic Theology and Theological Ethics / D. Th. (Systematic Theology)

Culture and religion have both healthy and unhealthy effect on the leadership development of women in Africa. In this regard, the impact of especially African Pentecostal Christian discourses, as well as Vhavenda cultural discourses, on the lives of women leaders are brought to the surface through literary reviews, questionnaires and interviews. Accordingly, the data obtained by means of these methods are analysed using existing theological and cultural hermeneutics methods. Furthermore, they are deconstructed in terms of a vhusadzi (womanhood) perspective of empowerment regarding women in the ministry, which is applicable in an African-South African context. The present role of women in Pentecostal churches in the Venda context is studied historically and critically with reference to a future of empowerment. It is found that the leadership role of women in the ministry in Pentecostal churches in Venda is faced by certain challenges, which include rereading the Bible from the perspective of women in partnership with men, validating women’s ordination in dialogue with patriarchal interpretations of presumed biblical prohibitions on women’s ordination, rescoping cultural influences on church leadership roles, which are supported by Venda proverbs and rituals and reframing perceptions of women in the ministry amongst church leaders and the laity. The unique contribution of this thesis is, firstly, its focus on Pentecostal women in Venda. Secondly, a vhusadzi perspective is formulated that has never been done before in the literature. This perspective encompasses the experiences and expectations of Vhavenda women living in the Limpopo Province in South Africa. Thirdly, a link is drawn between culture, religion and ministerial leadership with a gender focus that produces new knowledge of the relationship between religion and culture as it manifests itself in a Venda context. The vhusadzi approach is informed by the bosadi approach of the Old Testament scholar, Madipoane Masenya, and feeds on her insights into women’s access to the interpretation of biblical texts. The vhusadzi approach takes these insights further by applying them to Vhavenda women’s access to leadership roles in the church. It opens up the future for further research, inviting African women scholars to contextualise issues related to women’s ordination. / Systematic Theology and Theological Ethics / D. Th. (Systematic Theology)