published_or_final_version / Social Work / Master / Master of Social Work

published_or_final_version / Chinese Historical Studies / Master / Master of Arts

published_or_final_version / Chinese / Master / Master of Philosophy

Zhang, Jiayu. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 136-147). / Abstract also in Chinese. / Abstract --- p.iiii / Table of Contents --- p.viii / List of Abbreviations --- p.ix / List of Figures --- p.x / List of Tables --- p.x / Chapter Chapter I: --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1. 1 --- What happened to China´ةs SRB? --- p.1 / Chapter 1. 2 --- Women´ةs Human Rights as important Human Rights --- p.3 / Chapter 1. 3 --- SRB and Women´ةs Rights --- p.6 / Chapter 1. 4 --- Research Purpose and Methods --- p.7 / Chapter 1. 5 --- Research Outline --- p.17 / Chapter Chapter II. --- The Particular Features in China´ةs SRB --- p.20 / Chapter 2. 1 --- The Regional Features in SRB --- p.20 / Chapter 2. 2 --- The Ethnic Features in SRB --- p.23 / Chapter 2. 3 --- The Features by Birth Order --- p.24 / Chapter Chapter III. --- The Causes of Imbalanced SRB --- p.26 / Chapter 3. 1 --- The Proximal Causes --- p.26 / Chapter 3. 2 --- The Fundamental Cause --- p.31 / What Encourage son preference in China? --- p.32 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Cultural and Historical Factors --- p.33 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Economic Factors --- p.38 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- Law and policy as a Structural Factor --- p.40 / Political Silence --- p.42 / Economic Subordination --- p.43 / Sexual Subordination --- p.48 / Birth Control --- p.50 / Chapter Chapter IV. --- The Consequences of Imbalanced SRB from a Human Rights Perspective --- p.58 / Human Rights Violation against Women in the SRB Issues --- p.59 / Chapter 4.1 --- Rights Violations Which Cause the Distorted SRB --- p.59 / Chapter 4.2 --- Rights Violations for Which the Abnormal SRB is a Cause --- p.66 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Trafficking in Women --- p.70 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Sexual Crimes --- p.72 / Chapter 4.2.3 --- Women´ةs Civil and Political Rights --- p.73 / Chapter Chapter V. --- Women´ةs Human Rights Mechanism and Domestic Measures Adopted to Control Abnormal SRB --- p.76 / Chapter 5.1 --- The International Human Rights Fundamental for Protecting Women's Human Rights --- p.77 / Chapter 5.1.1 --- International Human Rights Treaties --- p.77 / Charter of the United Nations --- p.77 / The ICCPR and the ICESCR --- p.79 / CEDAW --- p.80 / Chapter 5.1.2 --- Monitoring Treaty Bodies and Monitoring Mechanism --- p.85 / Chapter 5.2 --- Domestic Laws and Policies Adopted by Chinese Government to Control the Abnormal SRB --- p.88 / What are the Chinese Government´ةs Responses to SRB issue? --- p.89 / Chapter 5.2.1 --- Laws and Policies that Aim to Control Prenatal Sex Selection and Infanticide --- p.90 / Chapter 5.2.2 --- Measures that Aim to Dilute Son Preference --- p.96 / Political Participation --- p.98 / Economic Situation --- p.100 / Provide Some Resolution to Women's Sexual Subordination --- p.107 / Extra-Legal Measures Government Used to Change Son Preference Culture --- p.109 / Chapter 5. 3 --- Implications and Suggestions --- p.113 / Chapter 5.3.1 --- Forbidding Prenatal Sex Selection Can not Pull up the Roots --- p.115 / Chapter 5.3.2 --- Gender-Equal Laws are Still Problematic --- p.115 / States Parties´ة Responsibilities and Legal Remedies --- p.116 / Equal Treatment vs. Special Protection --- p.118 / Other Problems in Domestic Law --- p.123 / Chapter 5.3.3 --- Extra-legal Actions Failed to Touch Patriarchal Culture --- p.124 / Chapter 5.3.4 --- Loose the Birth Control Policy --- p.127 / Chapter Chapter VI. --- Conclusion --- p.130 / Bibliography --- p.136 / List of Abbreviations / SRB: Sex Ratio at Birth / NPFPCC : National Population and Family Planning Commission of China / PFPCC: Population and Family Planning Commission of China / NPC: National People´ةs Congress / TAR: Tibet Autonomous Region / UDHR: Universal Declaration of Human Rights / ICCPR: International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights / "ICESCR: International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights" / CEDAW: The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women / List of Figures / "Figure 1-1: Sex Ratio at Birth in China, 1982-2005" / Figure 2-1: Overall SRB Tendency and Regional Differences in Chin / "Figure 2-2: SRB by Province in 1982, 1990, 2000, 2005" / "Figure 2-3: SRB by Birth Order, 1982-2005" / "Figure 3-1: SRB by Birth Order: South Korea, 1980-2001" / "Figure 3-2: SRB by Birth Order: China, 1982-2000" / List of Tables / Table 3-1: Investigation to parents' gender expectation to first birth child / "Table 4-1: Surplus Males, Aged 15-34, China" / "Table 5-1: Female Participation in Political Decision-making, 1995-2000" / "Table 5-2: Number of Female Student by Level of Regular School, 1998-2001"

Li Shuk-wan. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 196-203). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / ABSTRACT --- p.I / 摘要 --- p.II / ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS --- p.III / Chapter CHAPTER 1. --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Statement of Goals --- p.1 / The Feminization of The Occupation --- p.4 / Setting： The Development of Gender Rights in Hong Kong --- p.10 / Literature Review --- p.11 / Methodology --- p.20 / Field Observation --- p.23 / About Skyhawk Air --- p.24 / Questionnaires with the General Public --- p.25 / Media Data --- p.25 / Field and Thesis Languages --- p.26 / Ethical Issues --- p.26 / Outline of Thesis --- p.27 / Chapter CHAPTER 2. --- "NEGOTIATING ""HUNGJE"" STEREOTYPES IN PUBLIC DISCOURSE" --- p.30 / "Discourse, Ideologies, and the Normalized Public" --- p.30 / Images of Hungje in the Media： The Public/Private Dichotomy --- p.33 / Kind and Caring Mothers --- p.35 / Friendly Neighbors --- p.37 / Agents of Smile --- p.38 / Beauty Icon --- p.41 / Sex Icon --- p.44 / Stereotypical Images of Hungje in Public Discourse --- p.47 / FAs' Responses to Stereotypical Images in Public Discourse --- p.49 / """Hungje and the Public/Private Dichotomy" --- p.50 / """I am a Flight Attendant"" and ""I Work in the Airline Industry """ --- p.52 / Chapter CHAPTER 3. --- RECRUITING THE RELEVANT BODY --- p.62 / Experiences of Recruitment --- p.62 / """To See and To Be Seen""" --- p.66 / Phoenix Air Recruitment --- p.68 / The Face --- p.68 / "A ""“Pro ´ح Dress Code" --- p.70 / The Arm-Reach --- p.71 / "The ""Official"" FA Image" --- p.72 / Tiger Air Recruitment --- p.73 / The Arm-Reach --- p.73 / The Standing Posture --- p.73 / The FA Image --- p.74 / The Sitting Posture --- p.75 / "The ""Official"" FA Image" --- p.76 / The Skin --- p.77 / The Hairstyle --- p.78 / Body Gestures --- p.79 / Pre-Employment Briefing --- p.81 / Conclusion --- p.82 / Chapter CHAPTER 4. --- CREATING AN APPROPRIATE MARKETABLE IMAGE --- p.84 / The Training Course --- p.85 / Image Management at Work --- p.87 / Behavioral Management --- p.88 / Emotional Management --- p.91 / "Teaching the Essence of ""“Heart""" --- p.92 / Quality Control on Workers' Smiles --- p.95 / Smile War: Keeping Smiles in Difficult Times --- p.97 / Body Image Management --- p.103 / Practicing Sexually-Dichotomized Gender Images --- p.104 / Interacting with the Make-up and Dress Codes --- p.111 / Chapter CHAPTER 5. --- BODY IN SERVICE: INTERACTING WITH CO-WORKERS --- p.123 / Ethnography of FAs' Work Life --- p.123 / Going to Work and Meeting the Public --- p.124 / Pre-Flight Work --- p.126 / Pseudo-Kin System --- p.127 / Pre-Flight Briefing --- p.129 / Leaving for the Ramp and Ground Preparation --- p.130 / Welcome On Board --- p.131 / Rush Hours --- p.132 / Body Contact in the Galley --- p.132 / Other In-Flight Work and FAs' Rest Time --- p.133 / Landing --- p.134 / Interacting with Co-workers --- p.134 / Expected Gender Roles --- p.135 / Embodying the Socialized Gender Responsibilities --- p.144 / Chapter CHAPTER 6. --- EMBODYING GENDER AND ETHNICITY: INTERACTING WITH PASSENGERS --- p.149 / Teaching the Relationship with Passengers --- p.149 / Maintaining a Physical Distance from Passengers --- p.151 / In-Flight Violence --- p.153 / Sexual Harassment --- p.159 / Verbal Harassment --- p.160 / Optical Harassment --- p.160 / Physical Harassment --- p.161 / In-Flight Courtship --- p.164 / Chapter CHAPTER 7. --- CONCLUSION --- p.172 / between work and family： individuality vs. motherhood --- p.176 / "Changing Attitude Towards The Conventional ""“Mother"" Role " --- p.180 / "The ""Traditional"" Gender Concepts " --- p.182 / "Gender Politics Between ""Traditional"" and ""New"" Concepts " --- p.186 / The Future of Gender Relations in Hong Kong --- p.189 / APPENDIX 1. INTERVIEW PROTOCOL FOR FLIGHT ATTENDANTS --- p.191 / APPENDIX 2. QUESTIONNAIRE FOR THE HONG KONG CHINESE PUBLIC --- p.194 / APPENDIX 3. QUESTIONNAIRE FOR THE HONG KONG CHINESE PUBLIC (ENGLISH TRANSLATION) --- p.195 / REFERENCE CITED --- p.196