Thesis (Ph. D.)--Catholic sisters college of the Catholic University of America, 1916. / Bibliography: p. 176-182.

Thesis (M.A.)--Montana State University--Bozeman, 2005. / Typescript. Chairperson, Graduate Committee: Walter Fleming. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 93-99).

This dissertation examines the relationship between built environment education and the discourse which focuses on women in the built environment. It critiques the major built environment education programs in Britain, the United States and Canada, from a feminist art teacher's perspective, showing, with one minor exception, that the spatial and structural needs of women are not taken into account; it presents an overview of the literature concerning women in the built environment; and finally, it demonstrates how community-based women-centred initiatives and issues, as documented in the literature, can, and should be incorporated into built environment elementary and secondary school programs. The principal argument of this dissertation is that the built environment exists predominantly as the expression of an ensconced and inequitable social order. As such, the built environment has resulted, and continues to result in the oppression and subordination of women. By not including the spatial and structural needs of women, within a community-based curriculum, and thereby denying the special circumstances of female students, most built environment education programs reproduce and entrench these exclusionary practices. / Education, Faculty of / Curriculum and Pedagogy (EDCP), Department of / Graduate

This study examines women’s experiences of formal education in Kenya. The study aims at making visible the cultural, historical, economic and political factors that shaped, and continue to shape, women’s educational and employment opportunities. It also highlights women’s agency exemplified in their struggle to provide their children, and particularly their daughters, with educational opportunities. The study draws attention to the gender and power issues that limit women’s participation in the public sphere. These are issues that policy makers, politicians, and development agents have not and still do not adequately address. The study employs post-positivist research methodologies, particularly feminist methodologies informed by post-colonial critiques. The women in this study are treated as social agents not as victims of men, and of economic and political trends. The women formulate strategies aimed at influencing or shaping the social system in which they are a part. The women’s agency resides in their individual and communal endeavours and is constantly reinvented in the context of political and social change. This research is an analysis of the experiences of 38 women born, raised and partly schooled in Kilome division, Makueni district. It focuses on the educational experiences of rural women living in two villages and a small town in Kilome division, Kenya. I use the women’s discourse to critique the public discourse on education articulated in policy documents produced in the last 30 years since independence in 1963. This study illustrates how women in Kenya have been largely absent at the national level where educational policies are formulated. Policy making has remained male dominated. Policy makers, charged with structuring and restructuring education to meet the country’s development needs, continue to limit women’s agency to the private sphere. The formulation of policies from the male perspective has intensified the public and private dichotomy. Absent in the public discourse on education has been the discussion of how gender, a social construction, has influenced opportunities available to men and women in colonial and post-colonial Kenya. Colonial gender constructions of femininity have continued to limit educational opportunities made available to women in post-colonial Kenya. The Kenyan women in this study are cognizant of how these gendered assumptions shaped, and continue to shape, women’s educational and employment opportunities. They re-negotiate and resist these gendered assumptions and they have become intervention agents for their children’s education. The women’s agency, however, is limited by their lack of economic power. The interplay between gendered cultural assumptions about femininity and the increased costs of schooling imposed by policy makers continue to have a negative impact on women’s education. / Education, Faculty of / Graduate

Submitted in Fulfillment or Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF EDUCATION In the Department of Philosophy of Education of the University of Zululand, 1987. / Working outside the home exposes a woman to experiences and views common to herself and her family. The kind of job she does and her satisfaction with it, as well as her family's attitude towards her work affects the way she performs her roles as a wife and as a mother. Very few Black working mothers derive pleasure from their occupations. Their working conditions and renumeration are not consistent with effective mothering in the sense that the period of interaction with the child is minimised, the quality of mother-child interaction is affected and low wages do not allow for satisfactory child care arrangements. This study revealed that since the quality of mother child relationship during the formative phase determines the child's philosophy of life and his educability in later life^ Black working mothers can ill afford to be effective primary educators. Inadequate ante-natal and pcst-natal care deprives the infant of general alertness that a psychologically prepared mother would elicit from him. Delegating motherhood to caregivers does not compensate for maternal deprivation because they change most of the time providing the child with different values and exposing him to a shaky framework of authority structure. Each of the caregivers does not stay with the child long enough to understand and monitor his total development. Maternal nurturance builds feelings of security, love esteem and confidence which facilitates the child's venturing into new situations. A mother offers a comfortable and reassuring backdrop in his educational endeavours. Besides being a feedback mechanism for the child.^ She is a source of reference and she offers a reliable supportive guidance.

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published_or_final_version / abstract / toc / Chinese Historical Studies / Master / Master of Arts

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