La participación de las mujeres en el ámbito laboral se ha ido incrementando en el transcurso de los años; por ello, se decidió realizar una investigación que intente cuantificar su aporte en los principales indicadores económicos de las empresas que cotizan en la Bolsa de Valores de Lima. La presente tesis se aboca a estudiar la participación femenina como miembros del directorio y plana gerencial de las empresas que han cotizado en la Bolsa de Valores de Lima en el periodo 2013-2017. Por este motivo, el objetivo principal del documento es identificar si existe correlación entre dicha participación y los principales indicadores económicos empresariales (Ventas, Utilidad Neta y ROE) y listas de reputación (Great Place to Work, MERCO Talento y MERCO Responsabilidad y Gobierno Corporativo). Es preciso anotar que la investigación tiene un enfoque cuantitativo concluyente, no experimental, correlacional y longitudinal. El análisis se realizó con un nivel de confianza del 95%, encontrándose correlación significativa entre los indicadores económicos (Ventas y Utilidad neta) y la participación femenina de las empresas que cotizan en la BVL y que se hallan al menos en una de las listas de reputación evaluadas. Por otro lado, se debe mencionar que no se encontró correlación entre la participación femenina y el indicador económico ROE. / Participation of women as managers and board members in companies has been increasing through the years; for that reason, we decided to do an investigation that quantifies their contribution in the economic growth of companies that have listed in Lima’s Stock Exchange. This thesis is about women participation as board members and managers of companies that have been listed in the Stock Exchange of Lima from 2013 to 2017, this project main goal is to identify if there is a relation between their participation and economical indicators (sales, overall utility and return on equity (ROE)) and reputation lists (Great place to work, MERCO talent and Corporate Government.) This research has a conclusive quantitative approach, non-experimental, correlational and longitudinal. The analysis has been made with a 95% level of confidence, where have been found a significant correlation between economic indicators (sales and overall utility) and women participation in companies of the Stock Exchange of Lima, that have been at least in one of the lists of reputation evaluated. On the other side, there is no correlation between this participation and the economic indicator ROE. / Tesis

Diss. (sammanfattning). Uppsala : Sveriges lantbruksuniv.

This study aimed to investigate factors affecting the participation of women-owned MSEs in the manufacturing sector in two selected sub-cities of Addis Ababa, namely, Kolfe Keranio and Nefas Silk Lafto sub-cities and to explore and gain a deeper understanding of the lived experiences and participation of women who own MSEs in the manufacturing sector as well as government entities that support these MSEs. The study adopted a qualitative, exploratory research approach. Semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted to collect data from women who participated in the manufacturing sector, government officials, MSEs experts in the sub-cities and gender office professionals who worked closely with women’s MSEs in the manufacturing sector. Besides, direct observation was used to get firsthand information concerning the nature of women-owned MSEs and their working environments such as limited working space, lack of warehouses, and physical constraints relating to the use of stairs in storeyed buildings, among others. Document review and secondary data were used to triangulate the results from the interviews and obtain quantifiable data that could be used to clarify certain issues in the study. The data were analyzed using thematic data analysis to identify how the theme related to the research objectives. The researcher used a table to visualize the coded themes to determine which was the major problem, support, and characteristics of women-owned MSEs. The study revealed that women have limited education levels and skills. It is thus difficult for women who own MSEs to exploit advantages or opportunities to expand their business. The findings also reported the inability to access finance for MSEs start-ups and expansion. Women generally lacked information regarding various aspects of MSEs during the establishment of their businesses. Women-owned MSEs have received some support, particularly from government agencies. However, the support they are currently receiving is inadequate to enable them to transform their business. Women-owned MSEs still face problems on many fronts including workspace, limited finance, outdated technology, poor marketing strategies were among others that need addressing. To develop women-owned MSEs and empower other women in the field, the government, the public sector, and formal financial institutes should be informed on the value of gender-balanced contribution in the informal sector enterprises. It is recommended that there should be a greater focus on the social and economic empowerment of women, as they constitute a vulnerable social category that is critical in development endeavors. / Development Studies / M.A. (Development Studies)

While early relocation is not makeable, disaster risk reduction seems to be the most effective tool to decrease the impact of a disaster. This case study focuses on three UNDRR frameworks as they appear to be the greatest instance of international documents referring to disaster risk reduction (DRR). Especially, this research examines the representation of women within these frameworks and how their portrayal in DRR has changed over the last two decades. To do so, a critical discourse analysis of the three UNDRR frameworks is conducted. This study benefits from a social vulnerability approach and further engages with the Feminist Political Ecology theory. The analysis finds that even though women are increasingly represented in the frameworks, their roles as active participants remain negligible. Their knowledge and interest are still not recognised as valuable in DRR. Rather, women seem to be employed as tools to include more gender-sensitive programmes. This study recommends a greater and more complex emphasis on women in future DRR policies.