<p>In this thesis, I have chosen to analyse the Swedish wood industry and how it has been developing during the last decades. The purpose is to analyse the infrastructural impact on the industrial location patterns and to see to what degree these locational changes can be observed in more or less favourable regions.</p><p>Theoretically, all economic activity should take into consideration where to locate the production. This means that the firms should analyse both profits and costs and then consider if they are located in an economically efficient location. If they draw the conclusion from the analysis that their locational situation is not efficient, they should consider relocating production in order to gain higher productivity.</p><p>In conclusion, the probability of a firm’s survival in the market, as well as sustaining a positive employment development, is higher in more favourable industrial locations. A more favourable industrial location is a location with a closer proximity to the market or in some cases close proximity to the raw materials used in production.</p> / <p>I den här uppsatsen har jag valt att analysera den svenska trävaruindustrin och dess utveckling under de senaste decennierna. Syftet med analysen är att undersöka den infrastrukturella situationen inom den svenska trävaruindustrin. Har det svenska industriella lokaliseringsmönstret förändrats över tiden, och kan man dessutom se skillnader i omfattning av dessa förändringar i mer eller mindre fördelaktigt lokaliserade regioner.</p><p>Teoretiskt sett skulle all ekonomisk verksamhet ta hänsyn till var verksamheten är belägen, d.v.s. företagen kommer att bedöma sina inkomster och utgifter och därefter bedöma om man befinner sig på en ekonomiskt hållbar plats. Kommer man däremot fram till att man inte är effektiv, ska man överväga en ny industriell lokalisering för att kunna öka sin produktivitet.</p><p>Slutsatsen som jag dragit är att benägenheten för ett företag att överleva på marknaden såväl som att bibehålla en positiv sysselsättningsutveckling i relation till andra företag inom samma industri är större om företaget är lokaliserat i en mer industriellt fördelaktig region. Med detta menas en region där företagen är mer fördelaktigt lokaliserade i relation till marknaden eller de råmaterial som används i produktionen.</p>

In the sawmill industry, it can be very profitable to monitor the dimensions of sawn boards so that operators quickly can detect errors and take cor-rective action. In this master’s thesis project, Statistical Process Control (SPC) methods have been implemented to achieve this. SPC is a set of statistical methods whose purpose is to minimize the variations in an in-dustrial process. In particular, the SPC method used here is the control chart, which with an upper and lower control limit quantifies the bounds of natural variation. To find the most suitable control chart, five control charts monitoring the process mean, and two monitoring process variability were tested with help of both a simulation study and an empirical evaluation. The result of the evaluation was that the ”Average Moving Range” chart was regarded the most suitable for changes in process mean, and the Range chart was regarded as the best at detecting changes in process variability. Both charts are constructed for individual boards and not subgroups of boards (as is more common) due to compatibility reasons with the existing measurement practice. The two methods were deemed to be quite able to detect process changes, but some results indicate that the methods might work better for double arbour saw lines than single arbour ones. / Det kan vara mycket lönsamt för sågverk att övervaka mått på plankor så att personal snabbt kan hitta och åtgärda fel som uppstår i processen. I det syftet har det här masterarbetet gått ut på att implementera statistisk processkontroll (SPC) för råmåttkontroll på sågverk. SPC är en mängd olika statistiska metoder vars syfte är att minimera spridningen i en tillverkningsprocess. Den metod som är i speciellt focus i det här arbetet är det så kallade styrdiagrammet som med en övre och undre gräns kvantifierar hur stor den naturligt förekommande spridningen är. För att finna det mest lämpade styrdiagrammet utvärderades fem styrdiagram som övervakar processens medelvärde och två styrdiagram som övervakar processens spridning. Denna utvärdering bestod både av en simuleringsstudie och tester gjorda för empiriskt data. Utvärderingen resulterade i att det så kallade ”Average Moving Range” diagrammet rekommenderades för övervakning av medelvärde och ett räckviddsstyrdiagram rekommenderades för spridningen. Båda styrdiagrammen konstruerades för enskilda plankor och inte för stickprov av flera plankor (vilket är vanligare) på grund av kompatibelitetsskäl med gängse mätmetodik. De båda metoderna ansågs vara ganska bra på att upptäcka processförändringar men vissa resultat tyder på att metoderna kanske fungerar bättre för sågverk med mötande klingor än enaxliga sågverk.

Although wood floor production does not use water in the production process, water consumptionis related to cleaning and washing of floor and machineries in different steps of the process line,which generate a number of small flows that are highly polluted.Besides this, the industry has a need to store large amounts of wood outside to be able to havecontinuity in the production. This takes up a lot of space outdoors and once it rains the water thathas been in contact with wood, oil and metals forms stormwater, which transports pollutants.Stormwater has for a long time not been seen as a problem and has often been discharged intorecipient water bodies without any treatment. During cold seasons, this also involves snowmelt thatcan transport high concentrations of different pollutants.This report describes the composition of process- and stormwater from a wood floor industry inNybro, Sweden regarding parameters such as COD, phenol, tannin and lignin. The concentrationsof phenols in the stormwater were found in a range considered toxic to marine life.Regarding the process water, high values was found for COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) and forother substances and elements potentially toxic (e.g. formaldehyde, wood resins, detergents andmetals). If these waters are directly released to a sewage treatment plant without any pre-treatmentprocess it can disturb the plant treatment efficiency; if released to a recipient water body, it cancause oxygen deficiency and consequently, death to marine life.The possibility of reducing the levels of pollutants through the use of electrocoagulation has beenexamined in this study. This has been done both for process water and stormwater from the woodfloor industry. A 250 ml batch unit for electrocoagulation EC was setup with iron (Fe) andaluminium (Al) electrodes for treating process water and stormwater. The results show that the ECprocess can reduce COD concentration from stormwater at least 70%. On the other hand, lessefficiency of EC for treating process water was observed.A method for simulating a snowmelt period in lab scale was also developed. Snow collected from awood floor industry was melted according to real temperature and the quality of these samples hasthen been compared to on-site samples of stormwater / Development of an integrated approach for industrial wastewater and stormwater management in the wood-industry sector

Diss. (sammanfattning) Uppsala : Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet, 2009. / Härtill 3 uppsatser.

<p>Although wood floor production does not use water in the production process, water consumptionis related to cleaning and washing of floor and machineries in different steps of the process line,which generate a number of small flows that are highly polluted.Besides this, the industry has a need to store large amounts of wood outside to be able to havecontinuity in the production. This takes up a lot of space outdoors and once it rains the water thathas been in contact with wood, oil and metals forms stormwater, which transports pollutants.Stormwater has for a long time not been seen as a problem and has often been discharged intorecipient water bodies without any treatment. During cold seasons, this also involves snowmelt thatcan transport high concentrations of different pollutants.This report describes the composition of process- and stormwater from a wood floor industry inNybro, Sweden regarding parameters such as COD, phenol, tannin and lignin. The concentrationsof phenols in the stormwater were found in a range considered toxic to marine life.Regarding the process water, high values was found for COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) and forother substances and elements potentially toxic (e.g. formaldehyde, wood resins, detergents andmetals). If these waters are directly released to a sewage treatment plant without any pre-treatmentprocess it can disturb the plant treatment efficiency; if released to a recipient water body, it cancause oxygen deficiency and consequently, death to marine life.The possibility of reducing the levels of pollutants through the use of electrocoagulation has beenexamined in this study. This has been done both for process water and stormwater from the woodfloor industry. A 250 ml batch unit for electrocoagulation EC was setup with iron (Fe) andaluminium (Al) electrodes for treating process water and stormwater. The results show that the ECprocess can reduce COD concentration from stormwater at least 70%. On the other hand, lessefficiency of EC for treating process water was observed.A method for simulating a snowmelt period in lab scale was also developed. Snow collected from awood floor industry was melted according to real temperature and the quality of these samples hasthen been compared to on-site samples of stormwater</p> / Development of an integrated approach for industrial wastewater and stormwater management in the wood-industry sector

Fatores como a carência tecnológica, contratação de mão de obra pouco qualificada, estrutura produtiva precária, necessidade crescente de adaptação à mudanças constantes de mercado e às novas regras estabelecidas pela economia global. Ressaltam a necessidade de utilização de técnicas que forneçam informações para serem utilizadas como base para o gerenciamento das pequenas e médias empresas. Essas informações servem como fundamento para o processo de tomada de decisão. E os indicadores de desempenho surgem como uma oportunidade de melhoria que impulsiona a organização para o desenvolvimento tecnológico e para o auto gerenciamento dentro dos níveis operacional (chão de fábrica na produção), tático (supervisores) e estratégico (diretores, gerentes). O objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver indicadores de desempenho para a atividade de beneficiamento de madeira em uma empresa de pequeno porte. Para tanto, o desenvolvimetno foi realizado inicialmente com a elaboração de fluxogramas dos processos (macro) executados pela empresa e do processo produtivo, que é o principal foco desse trabalho. A partir dos fluxogramas, os pontos críticos do processo produtivo foram identificados utilizando a técnica “Brainstorming não estruturado”. A seguir foi aplicada a técnica FMEA (failure mode and effect analysis) em cada ponto crítico, visando avaliar o impacto desses pontos no processo produtivo e para cada um elaborou-se um estudo de causa utilizando Diagrama de Ishikawa. A partir do estudo da causa foram desenvolvidos indicadores de desempenho para atuar em pontos críticos. Os indicadores auxiliam a empresa durante o processo de tomada de decisões com base em fatos e dados, auxiliam o gerenciamento da rotina, sinalizam alterações no processo, apontam necessidades de treinamentos para a equipe, permitem a redução de erros e o desenvolvimento de oportunidades de melhoria. / Factors like the lack of technology, the hiring of a not very well quantified labor, a poor productive structure, an increasing necessity of adjustment to constant changes in the market and to new rules established by global economy, encourage the need for the use of techniques that supply information to be used as the base for the management of small and medium enterprises. These information are fundamental in the process of making decision. This way the performance indicators come up as an opportunity of improvement that drives the organization to words a technological development to the self – management in operational levels (the basic ground in production), tactical (supervisors) and strategical (directors, managers). This study aimed to develop performance indicators for sowed wood improvement in a small enterprise. Therefore, the development of performance indicators was firstly realized planning of with the fluxograms planning of the process that are executed by the enterprise (macro processes) and of the productive process, which is of this study the main points of this study. From the fluxograms, critical points of the productive process were identified by using the “not structured brainstorming” technique the FMEA (Failure Mode and Effect Analysis) technique, was applied in each critical point in order to valuate their impact in the productive process. A case study was planned for each point by using the Ishikawa Diagram. The performance indicators were developed based on the case study and it works on the critical points of productive process. These indicators help the enterprise during the process of taking decisions based on facts and data in the routine management, show the changes in the process, point out the needs on which the crew must be trained, allow the reduction of number of failures and develop opportunities.

LIMA, Alcides Fernandes de. Socioterminologia da indústria madeireira. 2010. 389f. Tese (Doutorado em Linguística) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de Letras Vernáculas, Programa de Pós-graduação em Linguística, Fortaleza-CE, 2010. / Submitted by nazareno mesquita (nazagon36@yahoo.com.br) on 2012-06-28T13:21:45Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2010_tese_AFLima.pdf: 2587068 bytes, checksum: 68b98215413450fb8022b6261ea8294c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Josineide Góis(josineide@ufc.br) on 2013-10-10T13:15:57Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2010_tese_AFLima.pdf: 2587068 bytes, checksum: 68b98215413450fb8022b6261ea8294c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-10-10T13:15:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2010_tese_AFLima.pdf: 2587068 bytes, checksum: 68b98215413450fb8022b6261ea8294c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / The work entitled “Socioterminology of Wood Industry” aims essentially at developing a terminological dictionary (or specialized dictionary) on wood. The theoretical and methodological foundations and the terminographic tasks for the elaboration of the dictionary are based on the communicative theory of terminology (Cabré 2002) and especially on socioterminology (Gaudin, 1993a, 1993b). To build the dictionary, we used a corpus of over 4,000,000 words (over 11,000 pages) composed of written texts about timber activities and having different degrees of specialization (such as theses and monographs, articles , technical norms, journals and magazines) with the exception of lexicographic documents or norms published between 1976 and 2009. The result of this work is a dictionary presented in two versions, printed and electronic. The electronic version (on CD-ROM) contains 2081 lexical entries, including: i) 1089 words (685 entries and 404 variants) from wood activities covering the semantic fields: mining, raw materials, processing, machinery and equipment, facilities, products, industrial waste and market ii) 886 words composed of 247 names of timber species and 639 variants, and iii) 106 initials (abrieviations) accompanied by syntactic variants (without definition). To the electronic version we have added up to 133 illustrations. As for the printed version, the initials were organized separately, the names of timber species have been grouped in a glossary of terms (without défintions) at the end of the dictionary to make it easier for users when looking for information on the terms and names of timber species. We believe that with the increasing need for the state to monitor and control the activity of wood industry and the development of research in various disciplines on economic activity, or other areas still connected to wood industry (given that most environmental problems today are related to forest management), work in terminology, as the one presented here, seem undoubtedly of great importance not only for industry and government sectors, but also for other sciences involved in this field such as agronomy, ecology, biology, botany, zoology, wood engineering and economics. Therefore, we seek in this work to contribute to the documentation and standardization of the lexicon related to the specialized field of wood activity and to create a basis for a better communication between different fields and between public and private sectors. / O trabalho Socioterminologia da Indústria Madeireira tem como objetivo fundamental a construção de um dicionário terminológico (ou dicionário especializado) da madeira. Os fundamentos teóricos e metodológicos da pesquisa e do trabalho terminográfico, para a elaboração do dicionário, se embasam na Teoria Comunicativa da Terminologia (CABRÉ, 2002) e, principalmente, na Socioterminologia (GAUDIN, 1993a e 1993b). Para a elaboração do dicionário foi usado um corpus com mais de 4 milhões de palavras (mais de 11 mil páginas), composto por textos escritos da área da atividade madeireira com vários graus de especialização (tais como teses e dissertações, artigos científicos, normas técnicas, revistas especializadas, revistas de divulgação). Todos os textos, com exceção dos de caráter lexicográfico ou leis e normas, foram publicados entre 1970 e 2009. O trabalho final resultou num dicionário apresentado em duas versões: uma digital e outra impressa. A versão digital (em CD-ROM) apresenta 2.081 entradas, das quais: i) 1.089 são constituídas por verbetes da atividade madeireira que abrangem os campos semânticos de matéria-prima, extração, processamento, máquinas ; equipamentos, instalações, produtos, resíduos e mercado, sendo 685 termos e 404 variantes correspondentes; ii) 886 são constituídas por 247 nomes de espécies de madeira e 639 variantes; e iii) 106 são siglas acompanhadas das variantes sintáticas (sem definição). A versão digital conta ainda com 133 imagens ilustrativas. Na versão impressa, por sua vez, as siglas foram organizadas à parte; os nomes das espécies de madeira foram organizados num glossário lexical (sem definição), no final do dicionário, de modo que o consulente possa, mais facilmente, obter as informações desejadas, tanto sobre os termos, quanto sobre os nomes das espécies de madeira. Acredita-se que com a necessidade cada vez maior de o Estado fiscalizar e controlar a atividade madeireira, e com o desenvolvimento de pesquisas, das mais diversas disciplinas, sobre esta atividade econômica, ou sobre outros setores, mas que de alguma forma se relacionem à atividade da indústria madeireira (pois a maioria das questões ambientais hoje passa pelas questões de manejo florestal), os estudos terminológicos, como o que aqui se apresenta, parece indiscutivelmente de grande importância, não só para o setor industrial e governamental, como também para as áreas das ciências envolvidas, como a Agronomia, Ecologia, a Biologia, a Botânica, a Zoologia, a Engenharia Florestal, a Economia. Assim sendo, pretende-se, com este trabalho, contribuir para a documentação e a normalização do léxico especializado da área da atividade madeireira e, dessa forma, criar subsídio para uma melhor comunicação entre as várias áreas envolvidas e entre o setor público e o privado.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:31:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-05-05Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:20:56Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 caneppele_fl_dr_botfca.pdf: 1954755 bytes, checksum: 6f8c595ff294e69969f329e41c52f6de (MD5) / O setor florestal tem uma evidente importância sobre diversas áreas, entre elas a econômica, a social e a ambiental, que trazem progresso e desenvolvimento para o Brasil. Para tanto, há a necessidade da implantação de programas de eficiência energética nas empresas que processam a madeira oriunda deste setor. Para a realização deste trabalho, foram selecionadas e caracterizadas 05 serrarias que atuam no processamento de Pinus elliotti e Pinus taeda, localizadas na região de Itapeva, município do centro-oeste do Estado de São Paulo. Esta caracterização foi necessária para gerar conhecimentos que auxiliem na análise de índices de eficiência energética e propor o uso de outros índices na indústria de processamento da madeira. Para esta discussão são utilizados conceitos da lógica fuzzy, com tomada de decisão e resposta sobre estes índices. As análises, estudos e simulações, podem ser utilizados para a implantação de um programa de conservação de energia elétrica. Elas podem ser parte do diagnóstico energético, onde são feitas a avaliação de utilização de energia elétrica, a análise do fator de potência, do fator de carga e do fator de demanda, o enquadramento tarifário e a análise das demandas contratadas junto à concessionária de distribuição de energia elétrica. Os dados da caracterização foram... / The forestry sector has a great importance on several areas, including the economic, social and environmental, that bring progress and development in Brazil. For both, there is the need to implement energy efficiency programs in companies that process timber originating from this sector. For this study, 05 were selected and assigned to work in sawmills processing Pinus elliotti and Pinus taeda, located in the region of Itapeva, midwestern city of Sao Paulo. This characterization was needed to generate knowledge to assist in the analysis of levels of energy efficiency and propose the use of other indexes in the wood processing industry. For this discussion are used fuzzy logic concepts, with decision making and response on these indices. Analyses, studies and simulations, can be used to implement a program to conserve electricity. They can be part of the energy diagnosis, which are made to evaluate the use of electricity, the analysis of power factor, load factor and demand factor, the charging system and analysis of the demands contracted with the utility distribution electricity. The characterization data are discussed and compared with data previously measured in studies in the same area. The energy efficiency ratings and risk factors evaluated were close to those established in previous research and data provided by the concessionaire as characteristic of this industrial activity and can be used for future reference and diagnostic work. With the information generated and developed tools, programs can be developed for energy conservation and energy efficiency in industrial timber with broad application in this area that is as diverse as the production processes.For the analysis of energy efficiency was used a decision support system based on fuzzy logic. The justification of using a system based on fuzzy theory... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Orientador: Odivaldo José Seraphim / Banca: Elias Taylor Durgante Severo / Banca: Félix Abrão Neto / Banca: Luiz Roberto Almeida Gabriel Filho / Banca: Celso Eduardo Lins de Oliveira / Resumo: O setor florestal tem uma evidente importância sobre diversas áreas, entre elas a econômica, a social e a ambiental, que trazem progresso e desenvolvimento para o Brasil. Para tanto, há a necessidade da implantação de programas de eficiência energética nas empresas que processam a madeira oriunda deste setor. Para a realização deste trabalho, foram selecionadas e caracterizadas 05 serrarias que atuam no processamento de Pinus elliotti e Pinus taeda, localizadas na região de Itapeva, município do centro-oeste do Estado de São Paulo. Esta caracterização foi necessária para gerar conhecimentos que auxiliem na análise de índices de eficiência energética e propor o uso de outros índices na indústria de processamento da madeira. Para esta discussão são utilizados conceitos da lógica fuzzy, com tomada de decisão e resposta sobre estes índices. As análises, estudos e simulações, podem ser utilizados para a implantação de um programa de conservação de energia elétrica. Elas podem ser parte do diagnóstico energético, onde são feitas a avaliação de utilização de energia elétrica, a análise do fator de potência, do fator de carga e do fator de demanda, o enquadramento tarifário e a análise das demandas contratadas junto à concessionária de distribuição de energia elétrica. Os dados da caracterização foram... (Resumo completo, clicar aesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The forestry sector has a great importance on several areas, including the economic, social and environmental, that bring progress and development in Brazil. For both, there is the need to implement energy efficiency programs in companies that process timber originating from this sector. For this study, 05 were selected and assigned to work in sawmills processing Pinus elliotti and Pinus taeda, located in the region of Itapeva, midwestern city of Sao Paulo. This characterization was needed to generate knowledge to assist in the analysis of levels of energy efficiency and propose the use of other indexes in the wood processing industry. For this discussion are used fuzzy logic concepts, with decision making and response on these indices. Analyses, studies and simulations, can be used to implement a program to conserve electricity. They can be part of the energy diagnosis, which are made to evaluate the use of electricity, the analysis of power factor, load factor and demand factor, the charging system and analysis of the demands contracted with the utility distribution electricity. The characterization data are discussed and compared with data previously measured in studies in the same area. The energy efficiency ratings and risk factors evaluated were close to those established in previous research and data provided by the concessionaire as characteristic of this industrial activity and can be used for future reference and diagnostic work. With the information generated and developed tools, programs can be developed for energy conservation and energy efficiency in industrial timber with broad application in this area that is as diverse as the production processes.For the analysis of energy efficiency was used a decision support system based on fuzzy logic. The justification of using a system based on fuzzy theory... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

The aim of this graduation thesis is to perform comparison of EMPO HOLZ, s. r. o. with selected competitors and industry averages values for the years 2012, 2013 and 2014. Further, this paper aims is to evaluate the financial situation of these compared establishments. Financial health is assessed by the application of financial ratios and the subsequent interpretation of the results. The comparison has been conducted by using unidimensional and multidimensional methods of the intercompany comparison. Spider analysis demonstrates the comparison with average values of industry. Output of this graduation thesis is the position of EMPO HOLZ, s. r. o. in the analysed group. Position in the group is based on the results of the particular methods of intercompany comparison.